Response time intra-subject variability: Commonalities between children with autism spectrum disorders and children with ADHD
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Despite the common co-occurrence of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), the underlying mechanisms are under-explored. A potential candidate for investigation is response time intra-subject variability (RT-ISV), a hypothesized marker of attentional lapses. Direct comparisons of RT-ISV in ASD versus ADHD are limited and contradictory. We aimed to examine whether distinct fluctuations in RT-ISV characterize children with ASD and with ADHD relative to typically developing children (TDC). We applied both a priori-based and data-driven strategies to RT performance of 46 children with ASD, 46 with ADHD, and 36 TDC (aged 7-11.9 years). Specifically, we contrasted groups relative to the amplitude of four preselected frequency bands as well as to 400 frequency bins from 0.006 to 0.345 Hz. In secondary analyses, we divided the ASD group into children with and without substantial ADHD symptoms (ASD(+) and ASD(-), respectively). Regardless of the strategy employed, RT-ISV fluctuations at frequencies between 0.20 and 0.345 Hz distinguished children with ADHD, but not children with ASD, from TDC. Children with ASD(+) and those with ADHD shared elevated amplitudes of RT-ISV fluctuations in frequencies between 0.18 and 0.345 Hz relative to TDC. In contrast, the ASD(-) subgroup did not differ from TDC in RT-ISV frequency fluctuations. RT-ISV fluctuations in frequencies 0.18-0.345 Hz (i.e., periods between 3 and 5 s) are associated with ADHD symptoms regardless of categorical diagnosis and may represent a biomarker. These results suggest that children with ADHD and those with ASD(+) share common underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of RT-ISV.
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The findings align with research showing greater executive functioning impairment in children with ASD+ADHD and ADHD alone compared with children with ASD.
“The findings are framed within the line of research that shows greater impairment in the executive functioning of children with ASD+ADHD and ADHD alone, compared to children with ASD (Adamo et al., 2014;Bühler et al., 2011;Chantiluke et al., 2014;Lundervold et al., 2016;Sinzig et al., 2008b;Tye et al., 2014).”
From Children with autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Relationships between symptoms and executive function, theory of mind, and behavioral problems (2018) · cites this paper as Adamo et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Adamo, N., Huo, L., Adelsberg, S., Petkova, E., Castellanos, F. X., & Di Martino, A.
- Affiliations
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- New York University (US)
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (US)
- Venue
- European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Published
- 2013-05-29
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 69-79
- ISSN
- 1018-8827 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-165X
- PMC
- PMC3883913
- OpenAlex
- W2011505350
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 4.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Autism Speaks (AS5665)
- Brain and Behavior Research Foundation
- Brain Research Foundation
- Leon Levy Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- Johnson and Johnson
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH087770, R01MH081218)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD065282)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, attentional lapses, children, biomarkers, frequency band analysis, typically developing children, co-occurring symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Analysis of Variance, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Reaction Time, Socioeconomic Factors, Task Performance and Analysis, Comorbidity
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