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Brief Report: Inter-Relationship between Emotion Regulation, Intolerance of Uncertainty, Anxiety, and Depression in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the inter-relationship between emotion regulation (ER), intolerance of uncertainty (IU), and symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescents and young adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Sixty-one individuals aged 14-24 years (M age = 18.19; SD age = 2.19) completed the ER Questionnaire, IU Scale-12, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 Dimensional Anxiety Scales, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Autism-Spectrum Quotient-Short. Correlation and mediation analyses were conducted. Results indicated all key variables were associated with each other and IU mediated the relationships between ER and symptoms of anxiety and of depression. Findings have implications for the design of future interventions targeting affective disorders in ASD.
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“Existing research has identified alexithymia (ALX), emotion regulation difficulties, intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and sensory processing differences as some of the most significant contributors to anxiety in autism (Cai et al., 2018; Glod, 2017; Lidstone et al., 2014; Maisel et al., 2016; Pickard et al., 2020; South & Rodgers, 2017; Wigham et al., 2015).”
From Examining a model of anxiety in autistic adults (2024) · cites this paper as Cai et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“and Cai et al. (2018) found that IU fully mediated the relationship between ER difficulties and anxiety in autistic adolescents and young adults.”
From Examining a model of anxiety in autistic adults (2024) · cites this paper as Cai et al. (2018)
In the citing paper
“The finding of a large, direct effect of IU on depression symptoms in autistic young people was in keeping with previous research in this area (Cai et al., 2018; Hollocks et al., 2014).”
From Investigating the Effects of Transdiagnostic Processes on Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Autistic Young People: the Mediating Role of Emotion Dysregulation. (2025) · cites this paper as Cai et al., 2018
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Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Emotion regulation in autism spectrum disorder: Where we are and where we need to go
Cai, R. Y., Richdale, A. L., Uljarević, M., Dissanayake, C., & Samson, A. C. (2018) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1968 · Cited by 347
Self-citationCo-occurring psychiatric conditions in autism spectrum disorder
Rosen, T. E., Mazefsky, C. A., Vasa, R. A., & Lerner, M. D. (2018) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2018.1450229 · Cited by 325
“Further, psychological processes such as emotion dysregulation and intolerance of uncertainty are elevated in individuals with ASD and may confer a risk for depression in ASD (Cai, Richdale, Dissanayake, & Uljarevi c, 2018).”
BackgroundGodinić, D., Obrenovic, B., & Khudaykulov, A. (2020) · International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development · doi:10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.61.2005 · Cited by 322
Griffiths, S., Allison, C., Kenny, R., Holt, R., Smith, P., & Baron‐Cohen, S. (2019) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2162 · Cited by 246
“Many of these emphasise cognitive traits, such as poor executive function [Hollocks et al., 2014], difficulties with social cognition [Eussen et al., 2013], intolerance of uncertainty [Boulter, Freeston, South, & Rodgers, 2014; Cai, Richdale, Dissanayake, & Uljarevi c, 2018], emotion regulation [Bruggink, Huisman, Vui…”
Jenkinson, R., Milne, E., & Thompson, A. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320932437 · Cited by 205
“Five studies (Boulter et al., 2014; Cai et al., 2018; Joyce et al., 2017; Rodgers et al., 2016; Vasa et al., 2018) reported finding a large, significant association between self-reported anxiety and selfreported IoU.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Cai, R. Y., Richdale, A. L., Dissanayake, C., & Uljarević, M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Richdale, Amanda L.
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2017-10-04
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 316-325
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W2762404107
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 5.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (3.016RC)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, emotion regulation, intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety, depression, adolescents and young adults, mediation, mood disorders, mental health
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adolescent, Anxiety, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Uncertainty, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult, Research Report
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