The DOI matches its Crossref record; 347 of the 365 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 38 of the 191 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview
Open accessAbstract
Stressful environments such as salinity, drought, and high temperature cause alterations in physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes in plants, and photosynthesis is severely affected in all its phases by such stresses.
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Claims the paper makes
35 No full text of the sources · 30 Own interpretation · 19 Partly supported · 18 Sources not found · 17 Not checked yet · 7 Supported · 7 No basis given · 4 Supported so far · 1 Not supported · 1 Couldn’t confirm · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Thus, the decrease in photosynthetic rate under stressful conditions (salinity, drought, and temperature) is normally attributed to a suppression in the mesophyll conductance and the stomata closure at moderate and severe stress (Flexas et al. 2004, Chaves et al. 2009).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Flexas et al. 2004 source
- Partly supportedcites Chaves et al. 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (page unavailable) identifies stomatal closure and reduced mesophyll conductance as limitations on photosynthesis under drought and salinity; its table also reports both limitations under moderate and severe water deficit. It does not establish the same explanation for temperature stress, which it mentions in the context of down-regulation following impaired CO2 supply. The paper also describes biochemical limitations, so the claim is too broad if read as making stomatal and mesophyll effects the normal explanation across all three stresses. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“All these stresses reduce the photosynthetic rate by stress-induced stomatal or nonstomatal limitations (Saibo et al. 2009, Rahnama et al. 2010).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Introduction
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Saibo et al. 2009 source
The section ‘Photosynthesis and related mechanisms affected by abiotic stress’ says drought, salinity and cold induce stomatal closure that reduces the photosynthetic rate, and describes other stress-related limitations. The section ‘Environmental cues regulate photosynthesis through the action of specific transcription factors’ explicitly concludes that both stomatal and non-stomatal changes limit photosynthetic rate under stress. (LLM, conf=0.93)
- Partly supportedcites Rahnama et al. 2010 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction states that photosynthesis in salt-stressed plants is limited by both stomatal and non-stomatal factors. It addresses salinity, but does not establish that all the stresses referred to in the citing sentence have those effects. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A series of experiments with sunflower callus and plants (Santos and Caldeira 1999, Santos et al. 2001, Santos 2004, Akram and Ashraf 2011) have shown that the important precursors of Chl, i.e., glutamate and 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA), decreased in salt-stressed calli and leaves, which indicates that salt stress affects more markedly Chl biosynthesis than Chl breakdown.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Santos and Caldeira 1999 source
- Partly supportedcites Santos et al. 2001 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The ‘Chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters’ section reports reduced chlorophyll in KCl-stressed sunflower leaves, and the ‘Fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll content’ section considers synthesis deficiency as one possible contributor. Neither section reports decreased glutamate or ALA in leaves or calli, or concludes that biosynthesis is affected more than breakdown; the latter section also describes chlorophyll b degradation. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Akram and Ashraf 2011 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“It is evident that photosynthetic capacity has a positive association with a biomass production or a seed yield in plants under saline stress, including the crops, Triticum aestivum (James et al. 2002), Oryza sativa (Moradi and Ismail 2007), Phaseolus vulgaris (Seemann and Critchley 1985), Zea mays (Crosbie and Pearce 1982), Vigna mungo (Chandra Babu et al. 1985), Gossypium hirsutum (Pettigrew and”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites James et al. 2002 source
- Supportedcites Moradi and Ismail 2007 source
This citation is attached to Oryza sativa, so the paper need only support the rice example, not the other listed species. In the Results, the salt-tolerant rice lines maintained more biomass and grain yield than the sensitive cultivar under salinity; the paper also reports higher photosynthetic gas exchange in the tolerant lines. The Discussion links reduced biomass to possible inhibition of photosynthesis. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Seemann and Critchley 1985 source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“High temperature can damage the ultrastructure of the thylakoid membrane, thereby modulating its biochemical properties (Berry andBjörkman 1980, Wang et al. 2010).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Berry andBjörkman 1980
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites Wang et al. 2010 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Background (page unavailable) identifies photochemical reactions in thylakoid lamellae as possible sites of heat injury and describes heat-related changes in photosynthetic processes. It does not say that high temperature damages thylakoid membrane ultrastructure or that such structural damage causes the biochemical changes. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“The results revealed that ABP9 transgenic plants were less susceptible to the stress than the wild type plants.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Improvement in photosynthetic capacity under stress by engineering photosynthesis-related genes or transcription factors
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Zhang et al. 2008 source
The Abstract explicitly concludes that ABP9 transgenic plants were less susceptible to the tested stresses than wild-type plants. The Discussion likewise reports greater tolerance in the 5P2 transgenic line under water deficit, heat shock, and their combination. (LLM, conf=0.95)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Saibo et al. (2009) have reported that enhanced expression of CAM-specific genes in plants under drought or saline conditions is mediated through transcriptional regulation, in which both cis-acting DNA sequences and trans-acting factors play a vital role.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Improvement in photosynthetic capacity under stress by engineering photosynthesis-related genes or transcription factors
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Saibo et al. 2009 source
The section “Transcription factors mediating the non-stomatal responses to abiotic stress” states that transcriptional regulation is the primary mechanism for enhanced CAM-specific gene expression after water deficit or salt stress. It also says salt-stress activation involves interactions between cis-acting DNA sequences and trans-acting factors. (LLM, conf=0.95)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, with the advent of recombinant DNA technology, it is possible now to transfer and express substantially the enzymes of C 4 pathways in appropriate places within the leaves of C 3 plants (Miyao 2003, Begonia and Begonia 2007, Kajala et al. 2012).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Improvement in photosynthetic capacity under stress by engineering photosynthesis-related genes or transcription factors
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Miyao 2003 source
- Partly supportedcites Begonia and Begonia 2007 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Leaf function section reports enhanced activity of one C4 enzyme, PEPC, in transgenic rice, supporting the feasibility of expressing a C4 enzyme in a C3 plant. It does not say that substantially all C4-pathway enzymes can be transferred and expressed in appropriate locations within C3 leaves. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Partly supportedcites Kajala et al. 2012 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Generation of constructs and Plant transformation sections describe introducing gene constructs into the C3 plant Arabidopsis, while the Abstract reports regulatory elements that confer cell-specific expression in C4 leaves. The paper does not show that substantially all C4-pathway enzymes can be transferred and expressed in the appropriate locations within C3 leaves. (LLM, conf=0.85)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Karaba et al. (2007) found a significant improvement in WUE and in biomass production due to improved photosynthetic assimilation and decreased transpiration rate in transgenic rice plants under salt-and droughtstress conditions by overexpressing Arabidopsis HARDY (HRD) gene (Table 3).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Improvement in photosynthetic capacity under stress by engineering photosynthesis-related genes or transcription factors
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Karaba et al. 2007 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The indexed Abstract (page not specified) says that expressing Arabidopsis HARDY in rice improved water-use efficiency through greater photosynthetic assimilation and reduced transpiration. It reports increased shoot biomass under well-irrigated conditions and root biomass under drought stress, but does not report improved rice biomass under salt stress; its salt-tolerance statement concerns Arabidopsis. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Recently, Saibo et al. (2009) have described the role of a number of transcription factors involved directly or indirectly in the regulation of genes involved in photosynthesis.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Improvement in photosynthetic capacity under stress by engineering photosynthesis-related genes or transcription factors
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Saibo et al. 2009 source
The section ‘Transcription factors mediating the non-stomatal responses to abiotic stress’ describes transcription factors that may regulate photosynthesis-related genes. The section ‘Transcription factors involved in abiotic stress responses’ also explains how transcription factors may regulate photosynthesis under stress. This supports the citing sentence’s summary of the paper. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
- It may state two separate claims as one. 57
- The quote only partly states this claim. 3
- Probably not a substantial claim. 13
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“For example, it is generally known that in salttolerant species, Chl content increases, whereas it decreases in salt-sensitive species under saline regimes (Hamada and El-Enany 1994, Khan et al. 2009, Akram and Ashraf 2011).”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · hedged
“Although the above-cited studies suggest that Chl accumulation could be used as biochemical marker for salt tolerance in different crops, in some other studies, Chl accumulation under saline stress is not always associated with salt tolerance.”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
“Therefore using Chl accumulation as an indicator of salt tolerance depends on the nature of the plant species or cultivar.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
- Disputedcites Hamada and El-Enany 1994 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 2 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
- Not matchedcites Khan et al. 2009
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Akram and Ashraf 2011 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · hedged
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A number of reports showed that stomata usually close during the initial stages of drought stress resulting in increased WUE (net CO 2 assimilation rate/transpiration).Stomata closure is known to have a more inhibitory effect on transpiration of water than that on CO 2 diffusion into the leaf tissues (Chaves et al. 2009, Sikuku et al. 2010).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Introduction
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Chaves et al. 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (page unavailable) says stomata close in response to drought-related signals and that, under mild stress, a small decline in stomatal conductance may save water and improve water-use efficiency. It does not say closure usually occurs in the initial stages of drought or explicitly compare its inhibitory effects on transpiration and CO2 diffusion; it also qualifies the efficiency benefit as a possibility. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Sikuku et al. 2010
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The salt-induced alterations in a leaf Chl content could be due to impaired biosynthesis or accelerated pigment degradation.However, during the process of Chl degradation, Chl b may be converted into Chl a, thus resulting in the increased content of Chl a (Fang et al. 1998, Eckardt 2009).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Fang et al. 1998 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (page unavailable) says chlorophyll b is converted to chlorophyll a during degradation. The discussion of the chlorophyll a/b ratio (page unavailable) suggests this conversion may explain a rising ratio during bean-leaf senescence, not an increase in the absolute content of chlorophyll a. The paper studies senescence under air and low oxygen, not salt-induced changes. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Partly supportedcites Eckardt 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The “IN BRIEF A New Chlorophyll Degradation Pathway” section discusses chlorophyll breakdown during leaf senescence, supporting the general possibility of pigment degradation. It does not address salt-induced changes or impaired biosynthesis, and it does not say that chlorophyll b converts to chlorophyll a or that this increases chlorophyll a content. (LLM, conf=0.84)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Heat stress causes membrane disruption, particularly of thylakoid membranes, thereby inhibiting the activities of membrane-associated electron carriers and enzymes (Ristic et al. 2008, Rexroth et al. 2011), which ultimately results in a reduced rate of photosynthesis.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ristic et al. 2008 source
- Partly supportedcites Rexroth et al. 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page not available) links thylakoid membrane fluidity and zeaxanthin content to heat tolerance, supporting a connection between heat and membrane stability. It does not say that heat stress disrupts membranes, inhibits electron carriers or enzymes, or thereby reduces photosynthesis. (LLM, conf=0.77)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“A number of reports indicate that plants exposed to high-temperature stress show reduced Chl biosynthesis (Efeoglu and Terzioglu 2009, Balouchi 2010, Reda and Mandoura 2011).”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
“The impaired Chl biosynthesis is the first of the processes occurring in plastids affected by the high temperature (Dutta et al. 2009, Li et al. 2010).”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
“The inhibition of Chl biosynthesis under high-temperature regimes results from a destruction of numerous enzymes involved in the mechanism of Chl biosynthesis (Dutta et al. 2009, Reda andMandoura 2011).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Efeoglu and Terzioglu 2009 source
- Could not verifycites Balouchi 2010 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (page unavailable) discusses heat-related changes in chlorophyll fluorescence and photosystem II efficiency, not reduced chlorophyll biosynthesis. Searches for biosynthesis, ALAD, ALA, Pchlide, and the proposed enzyme mechanism found no passage addressing those claims in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.72)
- Not matchedcites Reda and Mandoura 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The F v /F m ratio is an important parameter, which determines the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII.It provides a measure of the rate of linear electron transport, hence, an indication of overall photosynthetic capacity (Jamil et al. 2007, Tang et al. 2007, Balouchi 2010).”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
“In healthy leaves, F v /F m value is usually close to 0.8 in most plant species, therefore a lower value indicates that a proportion of PSII reaction centers is damaged or inactivated, a phenomenon, termed as photoinhibition, commonly observed in plants under stress (Baker and Rosenqvist 2004, Zlatev 2009, Vaz and Sharma 2011).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Jamil et al. 2007 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Tang et al. 2007 source
- Partly supportedcites Balouchi 2010 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (page not provided) says Fv/Fm indicates maximum PSII efficiency, gives 0.83 for healthy plants, and reports declines under water and heat stress. It does not say that Fv/Fm measures the rate of linear electron transport or overall photosynthetic capacity, or explicitly identify lower values as photoinhibition. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“It has been also reported that plants exposed to heat stress for even a short time experience the inhibition of the OEC and the reaction center of PSII (Wang et al. 2010, Hamdani et al. 2011), although the former is more sensitive to heat than the latter.”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
“Smith and Low (1989) reported that the PSII core complex undergoes denaturation at about 60 °C, whereas the denaturation of LHCII proteins occurs at about 74°C (Smith et al. 1989).”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · hedged
“The major reason considered for heat-induced inactivation of OEC was the release of 33 kDa extrinsic protein from the complex (Zhang et al. 2011).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Wang et al. 2010 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 3 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hamdani et al. 2011 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Smith and Low (1989) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“It is known that salinity stress, similarly to other abiotic stresses, can significantly affect both stomatal and nonstomatal regulation of photosynthesis (Ashraf 2004, Saibo et al. 2009).”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
“Salt stress imposed at the reproductive stage was reported to decrease the net CO 2 assimilation rate and stomatal conductance of intact leaves in various wheat genotypes (Shahbaz andAshraf 2007, Perveen et al. 2010).”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
“The inhibitory effect of salt-induced osmotic stress (water deficit) on the rate of photosynthesis was related to decreased production of ATP due to the impaired electron transport (Moud andMaghsoudi 2008, Curtiss et al. 2011).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ashraf 2004 source
- Supportedcites Saibo et al. 2009 source
Split into 2 atoms — 2 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
- Not matchedcites Shahbaz andAshraf 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The increase in the amount of Rubisco can be beneficial for the survival of plants under harsh environmental conditions, because a positive relationship of leaf Rubisco contents with P N has been reported in most C 3 plants (Taub 2010, Makino 2011).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Effects on activities of key photosynthetic enzymes:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Taub 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites Makino 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “Difference in Rubisco Properties between Rice and Wheat” (page not provided), the paper says Rubisco amount strongly affects photosynthetic rate and suggests greater allocation to Rubisco may help explain higher rates in rice and wheat. It does not establish a positive relationship between leaf Rubisco content and photosynthesis in most C3 plants, or show that increasing Rubisco improves survival under harsh conditions. (LLM, conf=0.85)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Similarly as the salt stress, drought stress can also adversely affect levels and activities of different enzymes involved in the mechanism of photosynthesis, thereby impairing the synthesis of carbohydrates as well as WUE of plants, which in turn adversely affects the overall plant yield (Kumar andSingh 2009, Gill et al. 2011).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Effects on activities of key photosynthetic enzymes:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kumar andSingh 2009
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites Gill et al. 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results and Discussion report that cadmium stress reduced photosynthetic characteristics in mustard, and the paper concludes that cadmium stress inhibited photosynthesis and yield. Those findings concern cadmium, not drought; our copy does not establish the claimed effects on carbohydrate synthesis or water-use efficiency (WUE). (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Such a strong relationship led to the proposal that the down-regulation of photosynthesis depends more on the availability of CO 2 in the chloroplast than on leaf water content or water potential (Flexas et al. 2002, Saibo et al. 2009, Galmes et al. 2011).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Flexas et al. 2002 source
- Partly supportedcites Saibo et al. 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “Photosynthesis and related mechanisms affected by abiotic stress” (page not provided), the review describes lower chloroplast CO₂ availability as a proposed explanation for reduced photosynthesis under very severe drought, but says evidence for reduced RuBP supply instead conflicts with that view. A reference title contrasts chloroplast CO₂ concentration with relative water content for Rubisco activity; the review does not establish the claimed comparison with leaf water potential or present the proposal as a general rule. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Partly supportedcites Galmes et al. 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results and discussion (‘Causes for reduced Rubisco activity under water stress’; no page available) report that Rubisco activity correlated more strongly with chloroplastic CO2 concentration than with relative water content. The Concluding remarks likewise propose CO2 availability rather than leaf dehydration as the mediator of reduced Rubisco activity. These passages support the comparison for Rubisco activity, but do not establish it for the down-regulation of photosynthesis as a whole or make a direct comparison with leaf water potential. (LLM, conf=0.84)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“One of the most prominent effects of various stresses is the stomata closure, which leads to a lower concentration of intercellular CO 2 , which in turn causes deactivation of Rubisco as well as other enzymes such as sucrosephosphate synthase (SPS) and nitrate reductase (Chaves et al. 2009, Mumm et al. 2011).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Effects on activities of key photosynthetic enzymes:
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Chaves et al. 2009 source
The Introduction states that stomatal closure lowers CO2 in leaf airspaces, that low intercellular CO2 can deactivate Rubisco, and that SPS and nitrate reductase activity can decrease after stomatal closure. It also notes that biochemical down-regulation may occur under prolonged stress. (LLM, conf=0.93)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Mumm et al. 2011 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“For example, a transcription factor LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), a bZIP-type, was reported to be mainly involved in the regulation of CAB gene expression by light, although it may also exhibit a significant role in abiotic stress tolerance (Maxwell et al. 2003, Saibo et al. 2009).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Improvement in photosynthetic capacity under stress by engineering photosynthesis-related genes or transcription factors
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Maxwell et al. 2003 source
- Partly supportedcites Saibo et al. 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “Transcription factors mediating the non-stomatal responses to abiotic stress,” the paper identifies HY5 as a bZIP transcription factor involved in light regulation of CAB expression. It says HY5 may play a role in the abiotic stress response, but does not establish a significant role in stress tolerance; it also notes a lack of direct evidence for HY5 regulation of photosynthesis-related genes under abiotic stress. (LLM, conf=0.84)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, in all these transgenic lines, although the activity of C 4 -PEPC increased two-fold compared with that in nontransformed plants, the transgenic and nontransformed lines did not differ significantly in the net CO 2 assimilation rate.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Improvement in photosynthetic capacity under stress by engineering photosynthesis-related genes or transcription factors
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Hudspeth et al. 1992 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “Biochemical and Physiological Analyses of Transgenic Tobacco” (page unavailable), the paper reports about twofold higher PPC activity in the four tested transgenic plants. It says photosynthesis rates for lines BVI-6400 (1)–(3) were within experimental error of the control, but line (4) had a significantly lower rate. Thus the claim that none of the lines differed significantly is not supported. (LLM, conf=0.91)
- Not matchedcites Benfey andChua 1990
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kogami et al. 1994 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“MAPKs respond to a variety of extracellular stimuli including mitogens, proinflammatory cytokines, osmotic stress, and heat shock (Fig. 4), and they pass on information from sensors to cellular processes in all eukaryotes (Nakagami et al. 2005, Diédhiou et al. 2008, Inagaki et al. 2008).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in photosynthesis:
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Nakagami et al. 2005 source
- Partly supportedcites Diédhiou et al. 2008 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Background (page not provided) says MAPKs are involved in osmotic-stress signaling in tobacco and Arabidopsis, and that protein kinases participate in signal transduction in eukaryotes. It does not establish that MAPKs respond to heat shock, mitogens, or proinflammatory cytokines, or that MAPKs convey information from sensors to cellular processes in all eukaryotes. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Partly supportedcites Inagaki et al. 2008 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results and Discussion (page not provided) show that osmotic stress activates the MAPK JNK in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The opening section also links cytokine signaling to MAPKs. Our copy does not establish MAPK responses to heat shock or mitogens, or the claim that MAPKs relay information from sensors to cellular processes in all eukaryotes. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, transgenic C 3 plants overexpressing multiple C 4 enzymes are now in the focus of most scientists to improve photosynthetic capacity in C 3 plants (Miyao 2003, Begonia and Begonia 2007, Kajala et al. 2012).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in photosynthesis:
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Miyao 2003 source
- Partly supportedcites Begonia and Begonia 2007 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Leaf function section describes transgenic rice with enhanced activity of the C4 enzyme PEPC and enhanced leaf photosynthesis, calling this work “at the cutting edge of photosynthesis research.” It does not establish that the plants overexpressed multiple C4 enzymes or that they were the focus of most scientists. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Partly supportedcites Kajala et al. 2012 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract (page unavailable) says C4 photosynthesis permits higher photosynthetic rates than the ancestral C3 pathway, supporting the rationale for seeking an improvement. It does not say that transgenic C3 plants overexpressing multiple C4 enzymes are a focus of most scientists; the paper instead examines regulation of C4-related genes. (LLM, conf=0.78)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In most of the studies on generations of transgenic lines made for enhanced photosynthetic performance that were published so far, a single C 4 enzyme gene has been transferred, but in most cases this did not result in a major success in terms of enhanced photosynthetic capacity in transgenic C 3 lines.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Conclusion and future prospects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is little information on the components involved in either the perception or signaling involved in stress responses.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Conclusion and future prospects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Undoubtedly, by integrating the advances in molecular genetics and cell biology, our knowledge of the signaling pathways has increased greatly over recent years, although it is still far from a full understanding to perception and signaling of environmental cues in plants.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Conclusion and future prospects
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Efforts get currently underway in different laboratories all over the world to identify signaling components, such as transcription factors and protein kinases, particularly MAPKs, involved in stress adaptation in plants.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Conclusion and future prospects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“However, this organelle is highly sensitive to different stressful environments such as salinity, drought, extremes of temperature, flooding, varying light intensity, and UV radiation, and it plays a premier role in the modulation of stress responses (Biswal et al. 2008, Saravanavel et al. 2011).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Biswal et al. 2008 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Saravanavel et al. 2011
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“High concentrations of injurious ions, such as Na + and Cl -, which accumulate in the chloroplasts under salinity stress, are known to damage thylakoid membranes (Wu andZou 2009, Omoto et al. 2010).Electron transport and photophosphorylation of isolated thylakoid membranes were reported to be swiftly and irrevocably inactivated by high concentrations of inorganic salts (Veiga andSilva 2007, Mittal”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wu andZou 2009
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omoto et al. 2010 source
- Not matchedcites Veiga andSilva 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“However, in contrast, under severe drought stress, dehydration of mesophyll cells takes place causing a marked inhibition of basic metabolic processes of photosynthesis as well as a reduction of plant WUE (Damayanthi et al. 2010, Anjum et al. 2011).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Damayanthi et al. 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Anjum et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stressful environments such as salinity, drought, and high temperature (heat) cause alterations in a wide range of physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes in plants.Photosynthesis, the most fundamental and intricate physiological process in all green plants, is also severely affected in all its phases by such stresses.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“For example, salt stress can break down chlorophyll (Chl), the effect ascribed to increased level of the toxic cation, Na + (Pinheiro et al. 2008, Li et al. 2010, Yang et al. 2011).Reduction in photosynthetic pigments, such as Chl a and b has been reported in some earlier studies on different crops, e.g., sunflower, Heliantus annuus (Ashraf andSultana 2000, Akram andAshraf 2011), alfalfa, Medicago”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“The amounts of PSII proteins, such as D1, D2, and LHCII as well as mRNA corresponding to genes of psbA, psbD, and cab, also declined markedly due to water deficit; this was ascribed to decreased rates of transcription and translation as well as fast deterioration of proteins and mRNAs (Duan et al. 2006, Liu et al. 2009).”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
“Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of PSII are the main regulatory factors and they play a major role in PSII repair.”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · boosted
“Liu et al. (2009) have shown that water stress caused the rapid dephosphorylation of PSII proteins, coupled with the phosphorylation of LHCII b4 and CP29, in barley (Hordeum vulgare).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Duan et al. 2006
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Liu et al. 2009
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Photosynthesis is sensitive to changes in temperature, but a reversible decline has been observed under mild temperature stress, while a permanent impairment was found after an exposure to severe heat stress.”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
“At high temperatures, PSII and stroma become oxidized and a significant reduction takes place in PSI.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“PSII has been long believed to be a prominent heat sensitive component of photosynthesis (Schrader et al. 2004), but it can perform normal functioning up to 45°C (Gombos et al. 1994).”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · hedged
“However, there are some reports showing that moderately high temperature (35-45°C) can induce the cyclic transport of electrons and thylakoid membranes become leaky (Sharkey 2005).”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · hedged
“The deactivation of Rubisco at mild heat stress could be attributed to the deleterious effects of heat on chloroplast reactions (Sharkey 2005, Velikova et al. 2012).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“From a number of studies, it is evident that changes occurring in the ultrastructure of thylakoid membranes above 40°C cause dissociation of the LHCII Chl a/b-proteins from the PSII core complex (Tang et al. 2007, Iwai et al. 2010).”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
“However, heat-induced alteration in these proteins leads to destacking of the appressed membranes of the granum (Fristedt et al. 2009, Lemeille andRochaix 2010), which is mediated by the separation of nonbilayer-forming lipids.”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · hedged
“As in the case of drought stress, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of thylakoid proteins has been suggested to play a critical role in responses of plants to elevated temperature (Krishnan andPueppke 1987, Conde et al. 2011).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Carotenoids (Car) are necessary for photoprotection of photosynthesis and they play an important role as a precursor in signaling during the plant development under abiotic/biotic stress.”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
“Recently, working with sugar cane, Gomathi and Rakkiyapan (2011) found that imposition of salt stress (7-8 dS m -1 ) at various plant growth stages caused a marked reduction in Chl and Car contents, but salt-tolerant varieties exhibited higher membrane stability and pigment contents.”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
“A considerable reduction (about 52%) in Chl/Car ratio was reported in wheat plants under high-temperature stress (Yildiz and Terzi 2008).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gomathi and Rakkiyapan (2011) source
- Not matchedcites Yildiz and Terzi 2008
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A number of studies conducted in vivo have shown that drought stress causes considerable damage to the oxygen evolving center (OEC) coupled with PSII (Skotnica et al. 2000, Kawakami et al. 2009) as well as degradation of D1 polypeptide leading to the inactivation of the PSII reaction center (He et al. 1995, Liu et al. 2006, Zlatev 2009).”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
“The changes lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which ultimately cause the photoinhibition and oxidative damage (Ashraf 2009, Gill and Tuteja 2010, Anjum et al. 2011).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
In the paper
“The salinity-induced osmotic effect on plants causes a substantial accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA), particularly in the guard cells of stomata, which consequently leads to a partial stomata closure thereby lowering the stomatal conductance as well as substomatal CO 2 concentration (Zhao et al. 2009b).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Zhao et al. 2009b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The xanthophyll cycle, particularly the de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin through antheraxanthin, was reported to play an important role in energy dissipation at high light intensity (Demmig-Adams and Adams 1992, Misra et al. 2006).”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
“The dissipation of excitation energy is determined as nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) of Chl fluorescence during photosynthetic electron transport, which significantly correlates with contents of zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin produced during the xanthophyll cycle (Niyogi et al. 1997).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
In the paper
“Although the photochemical efficiency of PSII was similar in both cabbage and kidney bean seedlings, the de-epoxidation state of violaxanthin increased six-fold in kidney bean, while no significant change was observed in cabbage under saline treatments.Similarly, NPQ increased in kidney bean, but decreased in cabbage.”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · hedged
“Thus, the increase in the de-epoxidation state of violaxanthin in salt-stressed kidney plants may be a signal to shield the pigment-protein complexes from salt-induced photodamage (Misra et al. 2006).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Misra et al. 2006 source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Photosynthetic pigments present in the photosystems are believed to be damaged by stress factors resulting in a reduced light-absorbing efficiency of both photosystems (PSI and PSII) and hence a reduced photosynthetic capacity (Geissler et al. 2009, Zhang et al. 2011).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Geissler et al. 2009
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Zhang et al. 2011 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“As salinity stress, drought stress causes not only a substantial damage to photosynthetic pigments, but it also leads to deterioration of thylakoid membranes (Huseynova et al. 2009, Anjum et al. 2011, Kannan and Kulandaivelu 2011).”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
“The decrease in Chl content is a commonly observed phenomenon under drought stress (Bijanzadeh and Emam 2010, Mafakheri et al. 2010, Din et al. 2011).”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · boosted
“It is generally known that under drought stress the reduction of Chl b is greater than that of Chl a, thus, transforming the ratio in favor of Chl a (Jaleel et al. 2009, Jain et al. 2010).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Huseynova et al. 2009 source
- Not matchedcites Anjum et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Kannan and Kulandaivelu 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“For example, some studies have shown a significant inhibitory effect of salinity on PSII activity (Everard et al. 1994, Akram and Ashraf 2011, Saleem et al. 2011), whereas other reports found no significant effect on the structure and function of PSII (Al-Taweel et al. 2007, Abdeshahian et al. 2010).”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
“Recently, Mehta et al. (2010) have reported that the donor side of the PSII was damaged more than the acceptor side due to salt stress (0.1-0.5 M NaCl) in wheat (Triticum aestivum).”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
“Furthermore, the salt-induced damage to PSII was reversible, because 100% recovery of the acceptor side and about 85% of the donor side has been reported (Mehta et al. 2010).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“CO 2 -exchange characteristics have been regarded an important indicator of the growth of plants, because of their direct link to net productivity (Ashraf 2004, Piao et al. 2008).”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · hedged
“However, the effect of any stress on photosynthesis could be caused by stomatal, nonstomatal or both factors (Athar andAshraf 2005, Saibo et al. 2009), nevertheless, the extent of stress-induced stomatal or nonstomatal regulation depends on the species.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · hedged
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Despite the fact that the extent of Chl fluorescence does not comprise more than 1-2% of total light absorbed by the Chl, its measurement is convenient and noninvasive.It gives a valuable insight into exploitation of the excitation energy by PSII, and indirectly by the other protein complexes of the thylakoid membranes (Walker 1987, Roháček 2002), particularly in plants exposed to stressful”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Walker 1987
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Roháček 2002 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is evident that drought, salinity, and high-temperature stress adversely affect the functionality of both photosystems and reduce electron transport through them.”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
“This results in a low production of ATP and NADPH, the two main products of the light reactions (electron transport), which are essential for CO 2 fixation in the dark reactions of the photosynthesis.”
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
“Thus, stress-induced impairment of the photosystems ultimately limits the CO 2 reduction process.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Stress-induced changes · plain
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, a relationship of g s with leaf water potential or RWC was not observed, i.e., reduced photosynthesis caused by water-deficit conditions occurred at different leaf water levels in different species, even though at similar g s (Athar andAshraf 2005, Peri et al. 2009).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Athar andAshraf 2005
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Peri et al. 2009 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Abdel-Latif (2008) observed that although the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) isolated from wheat (C 3 plant) and that from maize (C 4 plant) were inhibited under saline regimes, the enzyme from wheat was less sensitive to salt than that from maize (Table 2).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Effects on activities of key photosynthetic enzymes:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Abdel-Latif 2008
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Photosynthetic capacity (rate of photosynthesis) has also been considered as one of the potential indicators of heat-stress tolerance in different plant species, because the gas-exchange characteristic showed a positive association with the drought tolerance in different species or cultivars within the species in several studies, e.g., tomato (Camejo et al. 2005, Singh et al. 2005) and melon (Kit”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, such a positive relationship of photosynthetic capacity to drought tolerance is not a general rule and in other studies the reverse results were obtained.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Similarly, in another study with potato, a transgenic line expressing the chloroplastic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase at less than 15% compared with the wild-type plants showed considerably reduced P N and growth; it shows that the enzyme has a key role in the regulation of the Calvin cycle (Kossman et al. 1994).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Effects on activities of key photosynthetic enzymes:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kossman et al. 1994
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Thus, it is likely that either water deficit has no effect on photosynthesis until a threshold is reached, beyond which it is impaired or a consistent suppression in metabolism is caused (Lawlor 2002, Athar and Ashraf 2005, Lawlor and Tezara 2009).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Lawlor 2002
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Athar and Ashraf 2005
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Lawlor and Tezara 2009 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It has also been shown that leaves that survive drought often show higher rates of photosynthesis (Ludlow and Ng 1974, Akram et al. 2007, Bayramov et al. 2010) and of Rubisco content per unit leaf area (David et al. 1998, Kumar andSingh 2009).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In another study with two species of rice, Ghosh et al. (2001) found that not only Rubisco is affected, but also the enzymes involved in regeneration of the Rubisco substrate, ribulose-1,5-bisphophate (RuBP) are regulated by salt stress and they can play a key role in the regulation of the Calvin cycle (Table 2).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Effects on activities of key photosynthetic enzymes:
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ghosh et al. 2001 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum), water deficit conditions reduced the initial and total Rubisco activity, but it did not decrease the overall amount of Rubisco protein per unit of leaf area (Medrano et al. 1997).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Effects on activities of key photosynthetic enzymes:
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Medrano et al. 1997 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Chinthapalli et al. (2003) showed that the PEPCase from the C 4 plant (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) was less sensitive to supraoptimal temperature, but more sensitive to suboptimal temperature than the enzyme from the C 3 species (Pisum sativum).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Effects on activities of key photosynthetic enzymes:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Chinthapalli et al. 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“They showed that the overexpression of glutamine synthetase significantly reduced the tissue Na + content under saline regimes, suggesting the putative role of this enzyme in salt tolerance of rice.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Improvement in photosynthetic capacity under stress by engineering photosynthesis-related genes or transcription factors
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Tanaka et al. 2005 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This transgenic line showed a 30% increase in WUE and a 20% increase in dry biomass under moderate waterdeficit conditions.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Effects on activities of key photosynthetic enzymes:
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Jeanneau et al. 2002 source
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Two approaches are currently used to improve the photosynthetic capacity in different plant species.Firstly, an effort is devoted to developing transgenic C 3 plants with over-expression of Rubisco genes or other enzymes of the C 3 pathway.Secondly, attempts are underway to transfer the genes of a key C 4 photosynthetic pathway to C 3 plants (Table 3).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Improvement in photosynthetic capacity under stress by engineering photosynthesis-related genes or transcription factors
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Furthermore, a number of enzymes of both CO 2 concentrating mechanisms are regulated by light (Taiz andZeiger 2010, Doubnerová andRyšlavá 2011), so the light intensity and its duration in addition to the intensity of additional stress play also a significant role in the regulation of these enzymes.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Effects on activities of key photosynthetic enzymes:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Taiz andZeiger 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Doubnerová andRyšlavá 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“For example, in wheat (Triticum aestivum), heat stress imposed for 12 days caused a sharp decline in Rubisco activity, whereas the activity of PEPC increased first, but later decreased, which caused a marked increase in PEPC/Rubisco ratio (Xu et al. 2003).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Effects on activities of key photosynthetic enzymes:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Xu et al. 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“They suggested that the enhanced rate of photosynthesis under salt stress might have been due to the enhanced supply of RuBP to Rubisco by the activation of SBPase.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Improvement in photosynthetic capacity under stress by engineering photosynthesis-related genes or transcription factors
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Feng et al. 2007 source
hedgedconditionalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“In another study concerning nonstomatal limitations of photosynthesis, Du et al. (1998) reported that the activities of the various C 4 photosynthesis enzymes, such as PEPcase, NADPmalic enzyme (NADP-ME), Rubisco, and fructose-1,6bisphosphatase, decreased 2 to 4 times under drought conditions, whereas the activity of phosphopyruvate dikinase (PPDK) declined 9.1 times in C 4 plant, sugar cane.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Effects on activities of key photosynthetic enzymes:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Du et al. 1998
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It has also been observed that under most stresses the balance between different enzymes is also perturbed.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Effects on activities of key photosynthetic enzymes:
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“They showed that a 68% decrease in Rubisco activity did not hamper P N under water-limited regimes, suggesting that drought stress may affect any of the steps involved in the regeneration of RuBP rather than Rubisco itself.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Effects on activities of key photosynthetic enzymes:
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gunasekera and Berkowitz 1993 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In another study, Marques and Arrabica (1995) found that Rubisco activity in Setaria sphacelota declined slightly under moderate drought, but substantially under severe drought.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Effects on activities of key photosynthetic enzymes:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Marques and Arrabica 1995
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Using the first strategy, Feng et al. (2007) produced a transgenic line of japonica rice by overexpressing OsSbp cDNA from an indica rice cultivar.This transgenic line showed beside an enhanced activity of the C 3 enzyme sedoheptulose-l,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase, EC 3.1.3.37), which is involved in the regeneration of RuBP, also the enhanced photosynthetic capacity as well as the increased tolerance”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Improvement in photosynthetic capacity under stress by engineering photosynthesis-related genes or transcription factors
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Feng et al. 2007 source
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It depends undoubtedly on a multitude of factors including the partitioning of introduced C 4 enzymes within the leaf tissues and the interlinking of C 4 enzymes with photosynthesis-related pathways functioning in C 3 plants.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Conclusion and future prospects
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It has been observed that although overexpression of a single C 4 enzyme can modulate the photosynthetic metabolism in C 3 plants, in most cases, it does not have significant effects on photosynthesis.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in photosynthesis:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Photosynthetic response to different types of stresses is quite intricate, because it entails the interaction of several restrictions occurring at different locations of the cell or the leaf, and at different phases of the plant growth and development.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Conclusion and future prospects
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“The enhanced drought tolerance of the transgenic line of maize was shown to be strongly associated with a markedly high rate of photosynthesis, suggesting the active role of NPK1 in the mechanism of protection of photosynthesis machinery from water stress damage.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in photosynthesis:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Shou et al. 2004
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedcorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“They are known to regulate a multitude of cellular processes, such as mitosis, differentiation, gene expression, and cell death or survival (Zhang and Klessig 2001).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in photosynthesis:
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Zhang and Klessig 2001 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is not clear yet up to what extent C 4 enzymes transferred to C 3 plants take part in effective assimilation of CO 2 in C 3 engineered plants.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Conclusion and future prospects
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, it is not easy to discriminate between the effects of these limitations on overall photosynthetic capacity of a plant.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Conclusion and future prospects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper relies on this without support.
Little information is available in the literature on the components involved in either the perception or signaling of a stress response.
“Little information is available in the literature on the components involved in either the perception or signaling involved in a stress response.”
The paper relies on this without support.
No attempts have been reported to test the effectiveness of transferring photosynthesis-related genes from C4 to C3 plants under stressful conditions.
“In addition, although photosynthesis-related genes have been transferred from C 4 to C 3 plants and their photosynthetic capacity has been examined under nonstress conditions, no attempts have been reported to test the effectiveness of this approach under stressful conditions.”
The paper relies on this without support.
C4 plants are generally more tolerant to elevated temperatures than C3 plants.
“C 4 plants are generally more tolerant to elevated temperatures than C 3 plants.”
The paper relies on this without support.
An optimal balance of different enzymes is necessary for the normal functioning of the photosynthetic pathways.
“However, an optimal balance of different enzymes is necessary for the normal functioning of the photosynthetic pathways.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Conversion of C3 to C4 plant requires a rearrangement or de novo formation of anatomical structures within the leaves to localize the photosynthetic enzymes in appropriate leaf tissues.
“Furthermore, the conversion of C 3 to C 4 plant requires a rearrangement or de novo formation of anatomical structures within the leaves to localize the photosynthetic enzymes in appropriate leaf tissues.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The duration and intensity of stress can significantly affect the photosynthetic capacity.
“Furthermore, the duration and intensity of the stress can also significantly affect the photosynthetic capacity.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Stressful factors, depending on their intensity and duration, can differently down- or upregulate the genes involved in the mechanism of photosynthesis in plants.
“It is evident that stressful factors depending on their intensity and duration can differently down-or upregulate the genes involved in the mechanism of photosynthesis in plants.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Improvement in the photosynthetic performance of C3 plants to bring it at par with that of C4 plants has been an important goal of plant biologists.
“Improvement in the photosynthetic performance of C 3 plants to bring it at par with that of C 4 plants has been an important goal of plant biologists.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Improvement in photosynthetic performance of C3 plants can be achieved either by overexpressing key C3 enzymes or by transferring C4 enzymes to C3 plants.
“This could be achieved either by overexpressing the key C 3 enzymes or by transferring the C 4 enzymes to C 3 plants.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
“in potato (Solanum tuberosum) (Thornton et al. 1996) and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) (Xu and Huang 2001), no positive association of P N was observed with heat tolerance of cultivars within each species.”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Conclusion and future prospects
“| | Creeping bentgrass | A; growth | + | Xu and Huang 2001 |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
“All these reports suggest that drought-resistant and droughtsensitive cultivars can be easily screened at the level of PSII (Guoth et al. 2009, da Graça et al. 2010).”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > References
“106. Guóth, A., Tari, I., Gallé, I., et al.: Chlorophyll a fluorescence induction parameters of flag leaves characterize genotypes and not the drought tolerance of wheat during grain filling under water deficit. -Acta Biol. Szeged. 53: 1-7, 2009.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Stress-induced changes
“It is evident that photosynthetic capacity has a positive association with a biomass production or a seed yield in plants under saline stress, including the crops, Triticum aestivum (James et al. 2002), Oryza sativa (Moradi and Ismail 2007), Phaseolus vulgaris (Seemann and Critchley 1985), Zea mays (Crosbie and Pearce 1982), Vigna mungo (Chandra Babu et al. 1985)”
§ Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview > Conclusion and future prospects
“| | Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] A; yield | + | Chandra Babu et al. 1985 | |”
Citations
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Chlorophyll fluorescence—a practical guide
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Chlorophyll Fluorescence: A Probe of Photosynthesis In Vivo
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Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell.
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Photosynthetic Response and Adaptation to Temperature in Higher Plants
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The Mechanism of Salt Tolerance in Halophytes
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Diffusive and Metabolic Limitations to Photosynthesis under Drought and Salinity in C 3 Plants
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Trehalose accumulation in rice plants confers high tolerance levels to different abiotic stresses
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Drought stress in plants: A review on morphological characteristics and pigments composition
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Net carbon dioxide losses of northern ecosystems in response to autumn warming
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Plant Responses to Salt Stress: Adaptive Mechanisms
Acosta‐Motos, J. R., Ortuño, M. F., Bernal‐Vicente, A., Díaz‐Vivancos, P., Sánchez-Blanco, M. J., & Hernández, J. A. (2017) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy7010018 · Cited by 1,725
“It is known that salt-tolerant species show increased or unchanged chlorophyll content under salinity conditions, whereas chlorophyll levels decrease in salt-sensitive species, suggesting that this parameter can be considered a biochemical marker of salt tolerance in plants [14,27].”
BackgroundFang, Y., & Xiong, L. (2014) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-014-1767-0 · Cited by 1,455
“Generally, plants utilizing C4 and CAM photosynthetic mechanisms can better adapt to drought-prone climate [80].”
BackgroundMachado, R., & Serralheiro, R. P. (2017) · Horticulturae · doi:10.3390/horticulturae3020030 · Cited by 1,436
“Salinity affects photosynthesis by decreasing CO2 availability as a result of diffusion limitations [13] and a reduction of the contents of photosynthetic pigments [14,15].”
BackgroundPhotosynthesis: response to high temperature stress.
Mathur, S., Agrawal, D., & Jajoo, A. (2014) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.01.010 · Cited by 879
Photosynthetic Response of Plants Under Different Abiotic Stresses: A Review
Sharma, A., Kumar, V., Shahzad, B., Ramakrishnan, M., Sidhu, G. P. S., Bali, A. S., Handa, N., Kapoor, D., Yadav, P., Khanna, K., et al. (2019) · Journal of Plant Growth Regulation · doi:10.1007/s00344-019-10018-x · Cited by 889
Metadata
- Authors
- Ashraf, M., & Harris, P. J. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad (PK)
- Coventry University (GB)
- ORCID
- Ashraf, M.
- Venue
- Photosynthetica
- Publisher
- Institute of Experimental Botany
- Published
- 2013-06-01
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 163-190
- ISSN
- 0300-3604 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-9058
- OpenAlex
- W2144245323
- Cited by
- 2,028
- References
- 365
- Citations by year
- 2026: 138 · 2025: 151 · 2024: 148 · 2023: 236 · 2022: 222 · 2021: 233 · 2020: 191 · 2019: 188 · 2018: 150 · 2017: 142 · 2016: 111 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 7
- FWCI
- 34.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Photosynthetica (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Keywords
- photosynthesis, abiotic stress, salt stress, drought stress, heat stress, photosynthetic pigments, photosystem, electron transport chain, photosynthetic enzymes, gas exchange, genetically modified crops, C3 crops, transcription factors, protein kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinase, stress signaling, stress adaptation
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