Psychometric Properties of the Coronavirus Stress Measure with Malaysian Young Adults: Association with Psychological Inflexibility and Psychological Distress

Kassim, Mohd Amiruddin Mohd; Pang, Nicholas Tze Ping; Kamu, Assis; Arslan, Gökmen; Mohamed, Noor Hassline; Zainudin, Syaza Putri; Ayu, Friska; Ho, Chong Mun

doi:10.1007/s11469-021-00622-y

Cited by 12COVID-19 and Mental HealthPsychometric Methodologies and TestingAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Psychometric Properties of the Coronavirus Stress Measure with Malaysian Young Adults: Association with Psychological Inflexibility and Psychological Distress

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Kassim, Mohd Amiruddin Mohd, Pang, Nicholas Tze Ping, Kamu, Assis, Arslan, Gökmen, Mohamed, Noor Hassline, Zainudin, Syaza Putri, Ayu, Friska, Ho, Chong Mun·2023·International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction

DOI 10.1007/s11469-021-00622-yPMC PMC8390072

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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in multiple physical and psychological stressors, which require quantification and establishment of association with other psychological process variables. The Coronavirus Stress Measure (CSM) is a validated instrument with acceptable validity and reliability. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the CSM in a Malaysian population. University participants were recruited via convenience sampling using snowball methods. The reliability and validity of the Malay CSM (CSM-M) were rigorously evaluated, utilising both confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis, in relation to sociodemographic variables and response to the depression, anxiety, and stress subscales of the Malay validation of the DASS-21, and also perceived stress (measured by the PSS) and psychological flexibility (AAQ-II). The sample comprised of 247 Malaysian participants. The McDonald's omega value for the Malay CSM was 0.935 indicating very good internal reliability. The CSM was significantly correlated with stress, anxiety, depression, perceived stress, and psychological flexibility. The Malay CSM properties were examined also with Rasch analysis, with satisfactory outcomes. There was positive correlated error between items 1 and 3, as well as negative correlated error between items 1 and 4. Hence, item 1 was excluded, leaving with 4 items. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated good data-model fit, and model fit statistics confirmed that Malay CSM showed a single-factor model. The Malay CSM hence demonstrates good validity and reliability, with both classical and modern psychometric methods demonstrating robust outcomes. It is therefore crucial in operational and research settings in establishing the true extent of stress levels as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Undergraduate students in lockdown suffered increasing severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms, manifested in poorer sleep quality, poorer academic performance and increased suicidal thoughts.
“undergraduate students in lockdown, namely that they suffered increasing severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms [48], manifested in poorer sleep quality, poorer academic performance and increased suicidal thoughts in the university populations [49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58].”
From Relationships between psychopathology, psychological process variables, and sociodemographic variables and comparison of quarantined and non-quarantined groups of malaysian university students in the covid-19 pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
The Abstract says anxiety and depressive symptoms markedly rose during the pandemic, and Methodology > Participants describes a sample of Malaysian university students studied during social-distancing restrictions. But the paper does not establish that symptoms increased specifically among undergraduates in lockdown; its student study was cross-sectional. The sleep, academic-performance and suicidal-thoughts claims are attached to other citations, not this one. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Authors: Kassim, M. A. M., Pang, N. T. P., Kamu, A., Arslan, G., Mohamed, N. H., Zainudin, S. P., Ayu, F., & Ho, C. M.
Affiliations: Universiti of Malaysia Sabah (MY)
Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi (TR)
Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya (ID)
Corresponding author: Pang, Nicholas Tze Ping
ORCID: Kassim, Mohd Amiruddin Mohd
Pang, Nicholas Tze Ping
Kamu, Assis
Arslan, Gökmen
Mohamed, Noor Hassline
Zainudin, Syaza Putri
Ayu, Friska
Ho, Chong Mun
Venue: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2021-08-26
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Pages: 819-835
ISSN: 1557-1874 (ISSN-L)
1557-1882
DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00622-y
PMC: PMC8390072
OpenAlex: W3198240088
Cited by: 12
References: 80
Citations by year: 2025: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4
FWCI: 1.71
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, psychological stress, psychometric properties, psychological inflexibility, psychological distress, depression, anxiety, perceived stress, young adults, Malaysian population

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Psychometric Properties of the Coronavirus Stress Measure with Malaysian Young Adults: Association with Psychological Inflexibility and Psychological Distress

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