The Impact of App-Delivered Mindfulness Meditation on Functional Connectivity and Self-Reported Mindfulness Among Health Profession Trainees
Open accessAbstract
Objectives Previous research indicates that mindfulness meditation reduces anxiety and depression and enhances well-being. We examined the impact of app-delivered mindfulness meditation on resting state functional MRI (fMRI) connectivity among physician assistant (PA) students and surgery residents.Methods PA students and residents were randomized to receive a popular meditation app or to wait-list control group. Before and after the 8-week meditation period, we acquired fMRI scans of participants' resting state, and participants completed a self-report measure of mindfulness. We used a 2 × 2, within- and between-group factorial design and leveraged a whole-brain connectome approach to examine changes in within- and between-network connectivity across the entire brain, and to examine whether changes in connectivity were associated with app use or to changes in self-reported mindfulness.Results Meditation practitioners exhibited significantly stronger connectivity between the frontoparietal network and the left and right nucleus accumbens and between the default mode (DMN) and salience networks, among other regions. Mindfulness practice time was correlated with increased connectivity between the lateral parietal cortex and the supramarginal gyrus, which were also positively correlated with increased scores on the "Describing" subscale of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire between baseline and post-meditation. These findings are consistent with previous research indicating that mindfulness-based interventions alter functional connectivity within the DMN and between the DMN and other networks both during meditation and at rest, as well as increased connectivity in systems important for emotion and reward.Conclusions Recent commentaries call for healthcare provider and trainee wellness programs that are sustainable and preventive in nature rather than reactive; these data indicate that even brief sessions of app-delivered mindfulness practice are associated with functional connectivity changes in a dose-dependent manner.
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Previous studies have shown that asking participants to share a screenshot of their app profile allows researchers to obtain accurate behavioral indicators of treatment adherence.
“Previous studies have shown that this methodology allows researchers to obtain accurate behavioral indicators of treatment adherence [60,77].”
From App-Based Mindfulness Meditation for People of Color Who Experience Race-Related Stress: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (2022) · cites this paper as [77]
The Methods (Procedure; page unavailable) say the researchers obtained app-usage data directly from the app company. The Discussion (page unavailable) says those objective practice-time data were likely more accurate than self-reported practice time. The paper therefore supports using app data as a behavioral indicator, but not the specific method of asking participants to share screenshots of their profiles. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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A longitudinal, randomized and controlled study of app-delivered mindfulness in the workplace
Emory University, & Mascaro, J. (2020) · Journal of Wellness · doi:10.18297/jwellness/vol2/iss1/4 · Cited by 12 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Moreover, several studies indicate that acceptability and participant interest impact the extent to which study participants engage with app content (Howells et al. 2016; Mascaro et al. 2020) and many studies of smartphone app-delivered interventions report high levels of attrition (e.”
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- Authors
- Smith, J. L., Allen, J. W., Haack, C., Wehrmeyer, K., Alden, K., Lund, M. B., & Mascaro, J. S.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mascaro, Jennifer S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Mindfulness
- Published
- 2020-10-07
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 92-106
- ISSN
- 1868-8527 (ISSN-L)
- 1868-8535
- PMC
- PMC7543678
- OpenAlex
- W3092158866
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 2.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Mindfulness (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Emory University Research Committee
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Keywords
- mindfulness meditation, resting-state functional connectivity, brain connectome, default mode network, nucleus accumbens, salience network, frontoparietal network, physician assistant students, surgical residents, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, physician well-being, dose-response relationship
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