Individual differences in dispositional mindfulness and brain activity involved in reappraisal of emotion
Open accessAbstract
The regulation of negative emotion through reappraisal has been shown to induce increased prefrontal activity and decreased amygdala activity. Individual differences in dispositional mindfulness reflect differences in typical recognition, detachment and regulation of current experience, thought to also operate as top-down control mechanism. We sought to investigate whether such individual differences would be associated with brain activity elicited during reappraisal of negative emotion. Eighteen healthy participants completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging task that involved attending to or reappraising negative stimuli, and provided emotion experience ratings after each trial. Dispositional mindfulness was assessed with a self-report questionnaire. Reappraisal induced activity in a brain network involving predominantly dorsal portions of the prefrontal cortex, replicating previous studies. A voxelwise regression analysis showed that individual differences in the tendency to be mindful predicted activity in neural regions underlying reappraisal, with dorsomedial prefrontal cortex activation increasing with more mindfulness traits. Notably, this prefrontal activation was inversely correlated with the amygdala response to negative scenes, further supporting its role in down-regulating emotion-generation regions. These findings suggest that individual differences in dispositional mindfulness, which reflect the tendency to recognize and regulate current states, may modulate activity in neural systems involved in the effective cognitive control of negative emotion.
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Other studies have shown substantially lower activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex during reappraisal in mindfulness meditators.
“However other studies have shown opposite results, that is, a substantially lower activity in dmPFC during reappraisal in mindfulness meditators [71, 72].”
From Mindful emotion regulation: Exploring the neurocognitive mechanisms behind mindfulness (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
The Introduction says the participants were meditation-naïve, not mindfulness meditators. The Conclusions report that dispositional mindfulness was positively associated with DMPFC activity during reappraisal—the opposite of the claimed lower activity. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIndividual differences in attachment orientation and dispositional mindfulness have been implicated as contributing factors to an individual's ER capacity.
“Individual differences in attachment orientation and dispositional mindfulness have been implicated as contributing factors to an individual's ER capacity (Modinos et al., 2010).”
From Facets of Mindfulness Mediate the Relationship Between Attachment Orientation and Emotion Regulation in University Students (2024) · cites this paper as Modinos et al., 2010
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that individual differences in dispositional mindfulness may influence neural interactions involved in emotion regulation. The cited paper does not address attachment orientation, so it supports only the mindfulness part of the sentence. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn active tasks, self-reported trait mindfulness correlates with affective reactivity.
“In these cases, self-reported trait mindfulness correlates with affective reactivity.”
From Self-Reported Trait Mindfulness and Affective Reactivity: A Motivational Approach Using Multiple Psychophysiological Measures (2015) · cites this paper as [60]
Modinos et al. instructed participants to reappraise negative IAPS pictures or attend to them; individual differences in self-reported trait mindfulness correlated positively with prefrontal activation during reappraisal versus attending, and prefrontal activation correlated negatively with amygdala activation.
“For example, Modinos et al. [60] instructed participants to either reappraise negative IAPS pictures or to attend to them. Individual differences in self-reported trait mindfulness correlated positively with prefrontal activation during reappraisal (vs. attending), and the prefrontal activation correlated negatively with amygdala activation.”
From Self-Reported Trait Mindfulness and Affective Reactivity: A Motivational Approach Using Multiple Psychophysiological Measures (2015) · cites this paper as [60]
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Cosme, D., & Wiens, S. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119466 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“[60] instructed participants to either reappraise negative IAPS pictures or to attend to them.”
BackgroundThe effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on hospital nursing staff
Wang, S.-C., Wang, L.-Y., Shih, S.-M., Chang, S.-C., Fan, S.-Y., & Hu, W.-Y. (2017) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2017.09.014 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Dispositional mindfulness attenuates the emotional attentional blink
Makowski, D., Sperduti, M., Lavallée, S., Nicolas, S., & Piolino, P. (2019) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2018.11.004 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Changes in mindfulness following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for mood disorders.
Leong, K., Chan, P., Grabovac, A., Wilkins-Ho, M., & Perri, M. (2013) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371305801206 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Organizational change: insights from Buddhism and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy(ACT)
Goltz, S. M. (2018) · Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion · doi:10.1080/14766086.2018.1513857 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Stevenson, J. C., Emerson, L. M., McKinnon, K., & Millings, A. (2024) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941221119409 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Individual differences in attachment orientation and dispositional mindfulness have been implicated as contributing factors to an individual ’ s ER capacity (Modinos et al., 2010).”
Background
- Authors
- Modinos, G., Ormel, J., & Aleman, A.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Venue
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-02-10
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 369-377
- ISSN
- 1749-5016 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-5024
- PMC
- PMC2999757
- OpenAlex
- W2125343452
- Cited by
- 233
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 15.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- European Science Foundation (044035001)
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (044035001)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- trait mindfulness, emotion reappraisal, negative emotion regulation, individual differences, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, top-down control, cognitive control, emotion regulation
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Amygdala, Awareness, Brain, Emotions, Female, Humans, Individuality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Photic Stimulation, Psychological Tests, Thinking, Young Adult
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