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Measuring the performance of emerging businesses: A validation study

Chandler, Gaylen N., Hanks, Steven H.·1993·Journal of Business Venturing

DOI 10.1016/0883-9026(93)90021-v

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Chandler, 1991, Measuring new venture performance: A comparison of objective and subjective measures, Proceedings of the 6th Annual National Conference of the United States Association of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 128
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Background
The impact of innovation on the performance of small-to-medium informal metal-trade enterprises in Zimbabwe
Makate, C., Makate, M., Siziba, S., & Sadomba, W. Z. (2019) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2019.1625095 · Cited by 24
“Sales and total expenditure are good proxy measures of growth and business volume (Chandler & Hanks, 1993; Lee, 2006; Murphy, Trailer, & Hill, 1996) and operational liquidity (Lippman & McCall, 1986) hence can be good proxy measures of performance in informal metal manufacturing firms under study.”
Background
Work hard or play hard: the effect of leisure crafting on opportunity recognition and venture performance
Hamrick, A. B., Paterson, T. A., Michaelis, T. L., Murnieks, C. Y., & Petrou, P. (2023) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2023.106327 · Cited by 24
INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION ON GROWTH OF MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES IN KERUGOYA, KENYA
Muthee-Mwangi, A. M., & Ngugi, K. (2014) · Cited by 23
Being at the right place at the right time: does the timing within technology waves determine new venture success?
Schlichte, F., Junge, S., & Mammen, J. (2019) · Journal of Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11573-019-00947-0 · Cited by 23
The impact of networking practices on small firm innovativeness and performance: a multivariate approach
Parida, V., Pemartín, M., & Frishammar, J. (2009) · International Journal of Technoentrepreneurship · doi:10.1504/ijte.2009.031500 · Cited by 23
“According to Chandler and Hanks (1993), asking small firms to evaluate their performance in comparison with that of their competitors leads to a higher level of reliability and validity.”
Background
Très petite entreprise et croissance : à la découverte d'un continent inexploré
Arlotto, J., Cyr, A., Meïer, O., & Pacitto, J. (2011) · Management & Avenir · doi:10.3917/mav.043.0016 · Cited by 23
CORPORATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A COMPARISON BETWEEN SLOVENIA AND ROMANIA
Antončić, B., & Scarlat, C. (2005) · Cited by 23
Founder Expertise, Strategic Choices, Formation, and Survival of High‐Tech SMEs in China: A Resource‐Substitution Approach
Xiao, L., & Ramsden, M. J. (2016) · Journal of Small Business Management · doi:10.1111/jsbm.12230 · Cited by 23
“…capital can be used as a substitute for financial capital, enabling entrepreneurs to compensate for a deficiency in human capital resources available internally (i.e., minimize amounts of initial capital required) particularly at the early stage of business development (Chandler and Hanks 1993).”
Background
Early Stage Survival and Growth
Cowling, M. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-32313-8_16 · Cited by 23
Understanding performance in professional services for innovation intermediation: Technology consultants vs. management consultants
Williams, C., & van Triest, S. (2023) · Technovation · doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2023.102824 · Cited by 29
“We measured performance using items addressing the current performance on market share, growth, customer satisfaction, and reputation (e.g., Morgan et al., 2009), and on the performance relative to comparable practices and expectations (e.g., Chandler and Hanks, 1993).”
Unlocking the Relationship between Corporate Entrepreneurship and Firm Performance
Fiş, A. M., & Çetindamar, D. (2019) · Entrepreneurship Research Journal · doi:10.1515/erj-2018-0213 · Cited by 23
Managerial Humanistic Attention and CSR: Do Firm Characteristics Matter?
Hu, Y., Chen, S., & Jian, W. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10114029 · Cited by 22
“Firm age was included as a moderated variable, as it reflects the firm life cycle stage, which affects profitability and managerial priorities [74].”
Background
The Effects of Hyper Growth on Firm Profitability
Markman, G. D., & Gartner, W. B. (2002) · The Journal of Private Equity · doi:10.3905/jpe.2002.320025 · Cited by 22
“[1999]; Chandler and Hanks [1993]; Delmar [1997]; Mata [1994]; Weinzimmer et al.”
Background
Empowerment as a success factor in start-up companies
Schneider, J. K., Dowling, M. J., & Raghuram, S. (2007) · Review of Managerial Science · doi:10.1007/s11846-007-0001-y · Cited by 22
“There is no general agreement as to which are the ‘‘right’’ performance measures for studying new ventures, but sales growth seems typically to be the most common indicator of the performance of entrepreneurial firms (Brush and VanderWerf 1992; Chandler and Hanks 1993; Cooper 1993; Schwartz and Teach 2000).”
Background
Entrepreneur online social networks - structure, diversity and impact on start-up survival
Yang, S., & Vinig, T. G. (2012) · International Journal of Organisational Design and Engineering · doi:10.1504/ijode.2012.047574 · Cited by 22
“However, as different entrepreneurs are not equally satisfied about their performance, this measure is not suitable to study the success of start-ups (Chandler and Hanks, 1993).”
Background
Measuring Social Entrepreneurship: Identifying and Assessing the Performance of Social Entrepreneurial Ventures
Lortie, J., Cox, K. C., Castro, S., & Castrogiovanni, G. J. (2021) · Journal of Social Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1080/19420676.2021.1972031 · Cited by 26
“Therefore, researchers have adopted financial organisational outcomes satisfaction as an acceptable construct (Chandler and Hanks 1993; Delgado-Garcia, Rodriguez-Escudero, and Martin-Cruz 2012; Paige and Littrell 2002; Wang and Ang 2004).”
BackgroundResult

Authors: Chandler, G. N., & Hanks, S. H.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
Utah State University (US)
Corresponding author: Chandler, Gaylen N.
Venue: Journal of Business Venturing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1993-09
Volume: 8
Issue: 5
Pages: 391-408
ISSN: 0883-9026 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0883-9026(93)90021-v
OpenAlex: W2004016061
Cited by: 728
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 34
FWCI: 11.38
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Business Venturing (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Firm Innovation and Growth
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Finance › Private Equity and Venture Capital
Keywords: new venture performance, performance measurement, self-reported performance, subjective performance measures, business growth, business volume, content validity, inter-rater reliability, generalizability, manufacturing companies, startups, startup success factors, scale validation, disclosure rates, internal consistency

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Measuring the performance of emerging businesses: A validation study

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