Cited by 728Entrepreneurship Studies and InfluencesFirm Innovation and GrowthPrivate Equity and Venture Capital

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Measuring the performance of emerging businesses: A validation study

Chandler, Gaylen N., Hanks, Steven H.·1993·Journal of Business Venturing

DOI 10.1016/0883-9026(93)90021-v

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Research works printed but not linked: 4

Chandler, 1991, Measuring new venture performance: A comparison of objective and subjective measures, Proceedings of the 6th Annual National Conference of the United States Association of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 128
Dalton, 1980, Organizational structure and performance: A critical review, Academy of Management Review, 5, 211
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“Chandler and Hanks found that self-reports of firm performance from the owner/manager were highly correlated with archival data [22].”
Influence of Entrepreneurial Teams on the Growth Orientation of Early-Stage High-Tech SMEs in China
Xiao, L., Larson, M., & North, D. (2013) · The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation · doi:10.5367/ijei.2013.0106 · Cited by 12
A Comparison Study of Manufacturing Industry in Taiwan and China: Manager's Perceptions of Environment, Capability, Strategy and Performance
Low, W.-S., & Cheng, S. M. (2006) · Asia Pacific Business Review · doi:10.1080/13602380500336996 · Cited by 12
“Chandler and Hanks ( 1993 ) also contended that the subjective, self-reporting approach was appropriate as these measures of organizational environment and performance have been validated and shown to correlate with objective measures with a high degree of reliability.”
Background
The Impact of Moral Awareness on the Entrepreneurial Orientation: Performance Relationship in New Technology Based Firms
Montiel-Campos, H., Parellada, F. S., Aguilar-Valenzuela, L. A., Berbegal‐Mirabent, J., & Durán-Encalada, J. A. (2011) · Journal of technology management & innovation · doi:10.4067/s0718-27242011000400008 · Cited by 11
“The validity of evaluating the performance of the firm through perceptual measurements by the lack of having hard data has been well received according to several authors (Brush and Vanderwerf, 1992; Cooper, 1993, Chandler and Hanks 1993, Wiklund and Shepherd, 2003).”
Method
Entrepreneurial expansion plans: An empirical investigation of infrastructure predictors
Liao, J., Welsch, H. P., & Pistrui, D. (2009) · New England journal of entrepreneurship · doi:10.1108/neje-12-01-2009-b002 · Cited by 12
“In fact, researchers in the entrepreneurship arena already took note of the lack of reliable, valid, and meaningful growth measures hampering researchers’ effort (Chandler and Hanks 1993). Block and Wagner (2006) found that performance was affected by how the entrepreneur came into his or her profession, such as by ne…”
BackgroundInfluential
Enhancing organizational performance through HR analytics capabilities: mediating influence of innovative capability and moderating role of technological turbulence
Arora, M., & Mittal, A. (2024) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2024.2403541 · Cited by 17
“Finally, six items derived from Chandler and Hanks (1993) were used to measure organizational performance.”
Is the success of entrepreneurs dependent on the environment in a conflict zone: insights from Indian-administered Kashmir
Shah, M. S., & Lala, M. F. (2021) · Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy · doi:10.1108/jepp-03-2021-0028 · Cited by 11
Transactive memory system and entrepreneurial team performance: the impact of ability to improvise and market competition
Hu, W., Ahmed, F., & Su, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Emerging Markets · doi:10.1108/ijoem-09-2021-1340 · Cited by 11
The Changing Environment for Entrepreneurship Development: Private Business in the People’s Republic of China
Dolles, H. (2006) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230625013_13 · Cited by 11
Does organizational politics kill company growth?
Garbuio, M., & Lovallo, D. P. (2017) · Review of International Business and Strategy · doi:10.1108/ribs-09-2017-0073 · Cited by 12
Diversité, conflits et performance dans les nouvelles entreprises : nouvelle approche, nouvelles évidences
Mazra, M., Sahut, J., & Hikkerova, L. (2021) · Revue de l’Entrepreneuriat · doi:10.3917/entre.194.0125 · Cited by 11
To plan or not to plan? An analysis of the impact of planning on the disbanding or growth of Brazilian start-ups
Júnior, C. V. B., Hashimoto, M., & Limongi, R. (2013) · International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business · doi:10.1504/ijesb.2013.052521 · Cited by 11
“But how is the performance of a nascent company measured? Among the literature’s most frequently mentioned indicators are company survival (continuing to trade, not disbanded) and growth in the number of its employees (Chandler and Hanks, 1993; Chrisman et al., 2005; Cooper, 1993; Watson, 2007, Wiklund and Shepherd, 2…”
Background
Entrepreneurial Orientation of Russian SME
Iakovleva, T. A. (2007) · Research on technological innovation, management and policy · doi:10.1016/s0737-1071(05)09006-2 · Cited by 11
The role of absorptive capacity and opportunity capture in latecomer firms’ innovation catch-up
Petti, C., Tang, Y., Barbieri, E., & Rubini, L. (2019) · Knowledge Management Research & Practice · doi:10.1080/14778238.2019.1638742 · Cited by 11
Why are optimistic entrepreneurs successful? An application of the regulatory focus theoryPreprint
Aidis, R., Mickiewicz, T. M., & Sauka, A. (2008) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 11
Entrepreneurial Leadership and Entrepreneurial Performance in Start-Ups: A Moderated Serial Mediation Model
Pu, B., Ji, S., Sang, W., & Tang, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.831555 · Cited by 10
Pure and hybrid strategies in social enterprises: an empirical investigation
Salavou, H., & Manolopoulos, D. (2021) · EuroMed Journal of Business · doi:10.1108/emjb-05-2019-0068 · Cited by 10
Passion, persistence, and firm growth: Moderating role of environmental uncertainty
Iyortsuun, A. S., & Shakpande, C. (2022) · BRQ Business Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/23409444211070297 · Cited by 11
“Growth is evident as change in cash flow, market share, sales, employment, customer base, net profit, CEO/owner compensation, labor expense to revenue, assets, and capacity (Chandler & Hanks, 1993; Chrisman et al., 1999; Gilbert et al., 2006; Murphy et al., 1996; Weinzimmer et al., 1998).”
Influential
International entrepreneurial culture of Thai SMEs
Baimai, C., & Mukherji, A. (2015) · Journal of global entrepreneurship research · doi:10.1186/s40497-015-0041-8 · Cited by 10
“Further, Chandler and Hanks (1993) found that significant performance measures the growth, while strategic performance captures the survival of firms in this study.”
Background
MAKING SENSE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL OUTCOMES MEASUREMENTS IN THE LITERATURE: SUGGESTIONS FOR RESEARCHERS AND POLICYMAKERS
Yusuf, J. (2010) · Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1142/s1084946710001580 · Cited by 10
Small Business Growth and Performance
Adomako, S., & Mole, K. F. (2017) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781473984080.n12 · Cited by 10
Examining causality between market share and competitiveness: case study textile industry
Ćurčić, N., Radivojević, N., Grubor, A., & Simonović, Z. (2020) · Industria Textila · doi:10.35530/it.071.04.1727 · Cited by 10

Authors: Chandler, G. N., & Hanks, S. H.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
Utah State University (US)
Corresponding author: Chandler, Gaylen N.
Venue: Journal of Business Venturing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1993-09
Volume: 8
Issue: 5
Pages: 391-408
ISSN: 0883-9026 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0883-9026(93)90021-v
OpenAlex: W2004016061
Cited by: 728
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 34
FWCI: 11.38
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Business Venturing (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Firm Innovation and Growth
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Finance › Private Equity and Venture Capital
Keywords: new venture performance, performance measurement, self-reported performance, subjective performance measures, business growth, business volume, content validity, inter-rater reliability, generalizability, manufacturing companies, startups, startup success factors, scale validation, disclosure rates, internal consistency

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