Stability and change in the Big Five personality domains: Evidence from a longitudinal study of Australians.
Abstract
Longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of Australians were used to evaluate mean-level differences and rank-order stability in personality traits assessed twice over a 4-year time span (n = 13,134). Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Openness declined over the life span, whereas Agreeableness increased among young cohorts, was stable among middle-aged cohorts, and declined among the oldest old. Cross-sectional analyses suggested an increase in Conscientiousness throughout the life span, though longitudinal analyses suggested a slight decline in late life. There was an inverted U-shaped pattern for rank-order stability, with peak stability occurring in middle age. For three of the Big Five domains (Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness), age-related differences appeared to be somewhat more pronounced before age 30 than after age 30.
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The rank-order stability of personality traits is far from perfect over moderately long intervals and decreases over increasingly long delays.
“In fact, the rank-order stability of personality traits is far from perfect over moderately long intervals (Lucas & Donnellan, 2001; Wortman, Lucas, & Donnellan, 2012; Roberts & DelVecchio, 2000; though see Ferguson, 2010) and it decreases over increasingly long delays.”
From Life Events and Personality Trait Change. (2018) · cites this paper as Wortman, Lucas, & Donnellan, 2012
Personality traits can and do change across the entire life span.
“Their relatively stable nature notwithstanding, personality traits can and do change across the entire life span.”
From Life Events and Personality Trait Change. (2018) · cites this paper as Wortman, Lucas, & Donnellan, 2012
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Wright, A. J., & Jackson, J. J. (2022) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000429 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Using within-person change in three large panel studies to estimate personality age trajectories.
Seifert, I. S., Rohrer, J. M., & Schmukle, S. C. (2023) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000482 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The Big Five, Type A Personality, and Psychological Well-Being
Hicks, R. E., & Mehta, Y. (2018) · International Journal of Psychological Studies · doi:10.5539/ijps.v10n1p49 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
For Whom and What Does Cognitive Reappraisal Help? A Prospective Study
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Rentzsch, K., & Schröder–Abé, M. (2021) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000393 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
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Inequality in Personality Over the Life Cycle
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Correlated personality change across time and age
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- Authors
- Wortman, J., Lucas, R. E., & Donnellan, M. B.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- ORCID
- Lucas, Richard E.
- Venue
- Psychology and Aging
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 867-874
- ISSN
- 0882-7974 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1498
- OpenAlex
- W1977297766
- Cited by
- 298
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 13.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology and Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- Big Five personality traits, personality stability, rank-order stability, lifespan development, age differences, extraversion, neuroticism, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness, cohort differences, aging
- MeSH terms
- Neuroticism, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Anxiety Disorders, Australia, Extraversion, Psychological, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Personality, Personality Assessment, Young Adult
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