Cited by 337Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesMindfulness and Compassion InterventionsOpioid Use Disorder Treatment

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Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for substance craving

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Witkiewitz, Katie, Bowen, Sarah, Douglas, Haley, Hsu, Sharon H.·2013·Addictive Behaviors

DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.04.001PMC PMC3408809

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Abstract

Craving, defined as the subjective experience of an urge or desire to use substances, has been identified in clinical, laboratory, and preclinical studies as a significant predictor of substance use, substance use disorder, and relapse following treatment for a substance use disorder. Various models of craving have been proposed from biological, cognitive, and/or affective perspectives, and, collectively, these models of craving have informed the research and treatment of addictive behaviors. In this article we discuss craving from a mindfulness perspective, and specifically how mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) may be effective in reducing substance craving. We present secondary analyses of data from a randomized controlled trial that examined MBRP as an aftercare treatment for substance use disorders. In the primary analyses of the data from this trial, Bowen and colleagues (2009) found that individuals who received MBRP reported significantly lower levels of craving following treatment, in comparison to a treatment-as-usual control group, which mediated subsequent substance use outcomes. In the current study, we extend these findings to examine potential mechanisms by which MBRP might be associated with lower levels of craving. Results indicated that a latent factor representing scores on measures of acceptance, awareness, and nonjudgment significantly mediated the relation between receiving MBRP and self-reported levels of craving immediately following treatment. The mediation findings are consistent with the goals of MBRP and highlight the importance of interventions that increase acceptance and awareness, and help clients foster a nonjudgmental attitude toward their experience. Attending to these processes may target both the experience of and response to craving.

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“For sake of brevity we will refer to this latent factor as “mindfulness” throughout the remainder of this paper, however it is important to note we do not imply that we have identified a mindfulness construct that is distinct from previous conceptualizations of mindfulness (Baer et al., 2006).”

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Authors: Witkiewitz, K., Bowen, S., Douglas, H., & Hsu, S. H.
Affiliations: Washington State University Vancouver (US)
University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author: Witkiewitz, Katie
ORCID: Witkiewitz, Katie
Bowen, Sarah
Venue: Addictive Behaviors
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2013-02
Volume: 38
Issue: 2
Pages: 1563-1571
ISSN: 0306-4603 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.04.001
PMC: PMC3408809
OpenAlex: W1981403100
Cited by: 337
References: 80
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 11
FWCI: 16.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: erratum (2018-07-01)
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Development Administration (R21-DA019562)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Keywords: mindfulness-based relapse prevention, drug craving, substance use disorders, acceptance, awareness, non-judgment, mediation, relapse prevention
MeSH terms: Adult, Attention, Awareness, Female, Humans, Male, Time Factors, Models, Statistical, Behavior, Addictive, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Meditation, Substance-Related Disorders, Secondary Prevention, Self Report

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