Cited by 1,396Eating Disorders and BehaviorsNutrition, Health and Food BehaviorRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

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How emotions affect eating: A five-way model

Macht, Michael·2008·Appetite

DOI 10.1016/j.appet.2007.07.002

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Abstract

Despite the importance of affective processes in eating behaviour, it remains difficult to predict how emotions affect eating. Emphasizing individual differences, previous research did not pay full attention to the twofold variability of emotion-induced changes of eating (variability across both individuals and emotions). By contrast, the present paper takes into account both individual characteristics and emotion features, and specifies five classes of emotion-induced changes of eating: (1) emotional control of food choice, (2) emotional suppression of food intake, (3) impairment of cognitive eating controls, (4) eating to regulate emotions, and (5) emotion-congruent modulation of eating. These classes are distinguished by antecedent conditions, eating responses and mediating mechanisms. They point to basic functional principles underlying the relations between emotions and biologically based motives: interference, concomitance and regulation. Thus, emotion-induced changes of eating can be a result of interference of eating by emotions, a by-product of emotions, and a consequence of regulatory processes (i.e., emotions may regulate eating, and eating may regulate emotions).

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Nguyen, T.-A., Coursaris, C. K., Léger, P., Sénécal, S., & Fredette, M. (2020) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-50341-3_34 · Cited by 3
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Sproesser, G. (2012) · KOPS (University of Konstanz) · Cited by 3
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Tang, C. S., Mars, M., James, J., de Graaf, K. C., & Appleton, K. M. (2021) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods10061172 · Cited by 3
“Perceived benefits are common reasons for consuming foods [42,43], and with the inherently rewarding nature of sugar and sweet taste [21], benefits such as taste and pleasure are commonly reported as reasons for consuming sweet-tasting foods [12-16,20], alongside reasons associated with emotions [44-46] and memories […”
Background
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Wu, C., Liang, X., Zhao, K., Zhu, H., Huang, C., Zhang, S., Liang, F., & He, X. (2022) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-022-01418-2 · Cited by 2
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Zulkifali, W. A. H. W., Apriyanto, Y., Shariff, M. S. M., & Zahari, M. S. M. (2025) · Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal · doi:10.21834/e-bpj.v10i31.6558 · Cited by 2
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Shu, J., Lee, L., Sun, Y., Pu, P., & Hui, P. (2025) · Displays · doi:10.1016/j.displa.2025.103138 · Cited by 2
Impact of a Short-Term Physical Activity Program on Emotion Regulation and Eating Behaviors Among Technical University Students
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“Taken together, these findings indicate that emotion regulation deficits and maladaptive eating behaviors frequently co-occur and may reinforce one another, with ER difficulties increasing susceptibility to emotional and external eating [26,27].”
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“Our study aims to predict not only the average ratings across subjects but also individual ratings, providing insights into personal preference patterns and their potential relationship with eating behaviors and psychological factors [34].”
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“Additionally, better emotional regulation among those with higher PWB may influence appetite and reduce emotional eating, further promoting healthier food preferences [63,64].”
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“Für emotionsgesteuertes Essverhalten gibt es verschiedene Erklärungsmodelle, die psychologische und neurobiologische Zusammenhänge einbeziehen [8].”
Background
Within-Day Variability in Negative Affect Moderates Cue Responsiveness in High-Calorie Snacking
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“Further, negative emotions such as anger, fear, and sadness have been associated with increased impulsive eating and the consumption of unhealthy foods (Macht, 2008).”
BackgroundInfluential
Depresyon tanılı hastalarda duygusal yeme ve etkileyen faktörler
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Obesity: Etiology, Assessment and Treatment
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“To many, stress and negative mood can induce loss of appetite and hypophagia (Macht,2008).”
Background
Stress and Disordered Eating Patterns
Tsofliou, F., Casey, C., & Hughes, C. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67929-3_3-1 · Cited by 2
Lexicon Questionnaire (EsSense ProfileR)
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“…a diet constituting vitamins A, B, C, E and minerals including zinc and iron is essential for the healthy functioning of the immune system (Yousafzai et al., 2013), whereas psychological issues like fear and anxiety can contribute to unhealthy eating habits or a low desire to eat (Macht, 2008).”
Background
Depression symptoms and sweet foods consumption in Mexican college men: the role of emotional eating
Irigoyen‐Camacho, M. E., Lazarevich, I., Zepeda‐Zepeda, M. A., Velázquez-Alva, M. C., & Sánchez‐Pérez, L. (2023) · Nutrición Hospitalaria · doi:10.20960/nh.04493 · Cited by 2
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Testal, J. F. R., Trinidad-Montero, J. M., Becerra, Á. R., Faija, C., & Senín‐Calderón, C. (2023) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-023-00847-3 · Cited by 2
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“Negative Emotional situations such as stress and depression are more often associated with increased food intake but less commonly with a complete loss of appetite 12,13 .”
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Authors: Macht, M.
Affiliations: University of Würzburg (DE)
Corresponding author: Macht, Michael
ORCID: Macht, Michael
Venue: Appetite
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-01
Volume: 50
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-11
ISSN: 0195-6663 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2007.07.002
OpenAlex: W2007130974
Cited by: 1,396
References: 156
Citations by year: 2026: 96 · 2025: 109 · 2024: 102 · 2023: 136 · 2022: 107 · 2021: 126 · 2020: 95 · 2019: 82 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 80 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 80 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 40
FWCI: 2.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Appetite (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords: eating behaviour, food choice, emotion regulation, emotional suppression, cognitive control, individual differences, emotion features
MeSH terms: Appetite Regulation, Eating, Emotions, Food, Food Preferences, Humans, Models, Biological

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