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Irisin, an exercise-induced bioactive peptide beneficial for health promotion during aging process
Abstract
Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine expressed as a bioactive peptide in multiple tissues and organs, and exercise and cold exposure are the major inducers for its secretion. Irisin presents a decreasing trend with the extension of age and is also closely associated with a wide range of aging-related diseases. Currently, many studies on irisin are being conducted with respect to physiological functions for health promotion, and the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of chronic diseases, as well as mechanisms associated with improving energy metabolic balance, enhancing cellular homeostasis by optimizing autophagy, promoting mitochondrial quality control, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitigating inflammatory responses. These diseases include: metabolic diseases (obesity, type 2 diabetes, and bone metabolism); cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy and stroke); nervous system diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke); and others (cancer and sarcopenia). Although the current studies on irisin are relatively extensive, some studies have produced unexplained experimental results. This article introduces an overview of the generation, secretion, and tissue distribution, of irisin, and its targeting of tissues or organs for the prevention and treatment of above-mentioned chronic diseases is systematically summarized, with discussion of the underlying molecular mechanisms. This study is expected to improve the understanding of irisin, which may be beneficial to identify novel and effective targets for the screening, diagnosis, or therapy of these chronic diseases, or develop promising interventional strategies, effective drug candidates, functional foods, or exercise mimetics.
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“The stimulation of exercise and cold exposure enhance the generation and secretion of irisin from skeletal muscle, thereby inducing myogenesis, preventing muscle atrophy, improving energy metabolism, enhancing cellular homeostasis, and promoting mitochondrial quality control [98].”
From Exerkines and Sarcopenia: Unveiling the Mechanism Behind Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Homeostasis (2025) · cites this paper as [98]
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Decreased irisin secretion contributes to muscle insulin resistance in high-fat diet mice.
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Irisin Mediates Effects on Bone and Fat via αV Integrin Receptors
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Effects of 12 Weeks Resistance Training on Serum Irisin in Older Male Adults
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Fibronectin type III domain‐containing 5 improves aging‐related cardiac dysfunction in mice
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A review on irisin, a new protagonist that mediates muscle-adipose-bone-neuron connectivity.
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The Emerging Role of Irisin in Cardiovascular Diseases
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Cerebrospinal fluid irisin correlates with amyloid‐β, BDNF, and cognition in Alzheimer's disease
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Irisin prevents dexamethasone-induced atrophy in C2C12 myotubes
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Irisin reverses insulin resistance in C2C12 cells via the p38-MAPK-PGC-1α pathway
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Irisin deficiency disturbs bone metabolism
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Decreased Concentration of Irisin Is Associated with Poor Functional Outcome in Ischemic Stroke
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Exercise-Induced Irisin, the Fat Browning Myokine, as a Potential Anticancer Agent
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Irisin Exerts Inhibitory Effect on Adipogenesis Through Regulation of Wnt Signaling
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Increased levels of irisin in people with long‐standing Type 1 diabetes
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Irisin ameliorates angiotensin II‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through autophagy
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Association of irisin concentrations with the presence of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy
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Anti-diabetic activity of recombinant irisin in STZ-induced insulin-deficient diabetic mice
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10-Year Follow-Up After Revascularization in Elderly Patients With Complex Coronary Artery Disease.
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Serum levels of irisin predict short-term outcomes in ischemic stroke
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Irisin Levels are Not Affected by Physical Activity in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa
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Serum Irisin Predicts Mortality Risk in Acute Heart Failure Patients
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Current Evidence of the Role of the Myokine Irisin in Cancer
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Glucocorticoid receptor positively regulates transcription of FNDC5 in the liver
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Lower irisin levels in coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis
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The Neuroprotective Effect of Irisin in Ischemic Stroke
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Irisin ameliorates high glucose‐induced cardiomyocytes injury via AMPK/mTOR signal pathway
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Irisin Protects Brain against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Suppressing TLR4/MyD88 Pathway
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Study of Irisin Hormone Level in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy
Shelbaya, S., Abushady, M. M., Nasr, M. S., Bekhet, M. M., Mageed, Y. A.-A., & Abbas, M. (2018) · Current Diabetes Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573399813666170829163442 · Cited by 46
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Irisin treatment improves healing of dystrophic skeletal muscle
Reza, M. M., Sim, C. M., Subramaniyam, N., Ge, X., Sharma, M., Kambadur, R., & McFarlane, C. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.21636 · Cited by 45
Role of Regular Physical Activity in Neuroprotection against Acute Ischemia
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Han, C., Lu, P., & Yan, S.-Z. (2021) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111648 · Cited by 44
Irisin protects the substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons in the rat model of Parkinson's disease.
Zarbakhsh, S., Safari, M., Aldaghi, M. R., Sameni, H. R., Ghahari, L., Lagmouj, Y. K., Jaberi, K. R., & Parsaie, H. (2019) · PubMed Central · doi:10.22038/ijbms.2019.33444.7987 · Cited by 43
Irisin, an exercise myokine, potently suppresses tumor proliferation, invasion, and growth in glioma
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Excessive irisin increases oxidative stress and apoptosis in murine heart
Ho, M.-Y., Wen, M., Yeh, J., Hsieh, C., Chen, C., Hsieh, M., Tsai, M., Yang, C., Wu, V. C., Hung, K., et al. (2018) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.005 · Cited by 41
Irisin Is a Positive Regulator for Ferroptosis in Pancreatic Cancer
Yang, B. C., & Leung, P. S. (2020) · Molecular Therapy — Oncolytics · doi:10.1016/j.omto.2020.08.002 · Cited by 41
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Systemic Administration of Recombinant Irisin Accelerates Fracture Healing in Mice
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The diagnostic value of FNDC5/Irisin in renal Cell Cancer
Altay, D. U., Keha, E. E., Karagüzel, E., Menteşe, A., Yaman, S. Ö., & Alver, A. (2018) · International braz j urol · doi:10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2017.0404 · Cited by 39
Irisin regulates thermogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Vliora, M., Grillo, E., Corsini, M., Ravelli, C., Nintou, E., Karligiotou, E., Flouris, A. D., & Mitola, S. M. F. (2022) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130085 · Cited by 39
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Irisin regulates cardiac physiology in zebrafish
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The Effects of Valsartan and Amlodipine on the Levels of Irisin, Adropin, and Perilipin
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Irisin increases the expression of anorexigenic and neurotrophic genes in mouse brain
Natalicchio, A., Marrano, N., Biondi, G., Dipaola, L., Spagnuolo, R., Cignarelli, A., Perrini, S., Laviola, L., & Giorgino, F. (2020) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.3238 · Cited by 31
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Irisin promotes C2C12 myoblast proliferation via ERK-dependent CCL7 upregulation
Lee, J., Park, J., Kim, Y. H., Lee, N. H., & Song, K. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222559 · Cited by 29
Can the Irisin be a Biomarker for Prostate Cancer? A Case Control Study
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Irisin injection mimics exercise effects on the brain proteome
Dehghan, F., Zamani, S., Barreiro, C., & Jami, M. (2021) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.15493 · Cited by 29
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The diagnostic and prognostic roles of serum irisin in bladder cancer
Esawy, M. M., & Abdel-Samd, K. M. (2019) · Current Problems in Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2019.100529 · Cited by 26
FNDC5 promotes paclitaxel sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancers via inhibiting MDR1
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Exercise-Induced Circulating Irisin Level Is Correlated with Improved Cardiac Function in Rats
Seo, D. Y., Bae, J. H., Kim, T. N., Kwak, H., Kha, P. T., & Han, J. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17113863 · Cited by 26
Irisin promotes cementoblast differentiation via p38 MAPK pathway
Zhu, J., Wang, Y., Cao, Z., Du, M., Hao, Y., Pan, J., & He, H. (2020) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/odi.13307 · Cited by 24
Irisin induces white adipose tissue browning in mice as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging
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Irisin has no effect on lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes or fatty acid metabolism in HepG2 hepatocytes
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, H., Wu, X., Liang, J., Kirberger, M., & Chen, N.
- Affiliations
- Wuhan Sports University (CN)
- Georgia Gwinnett College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Ning
- Venue
- Ageing Research Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-09
- Volume
- 80
- Pages
- 101680
- ISSN
- 1568-1637 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4283791562
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 217
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 2.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Ageing Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Hubei Provincial Department of Education
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771318, 32071176)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- irisin, myokines, physical activity, cold exposure, aging, chronic disease, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, sarcopenia, autophagy, mitochondrial quality control, reactive oxygen species, inflammation, obesity, type 2 diabetes, bone metabolism, exercise mimetics, functional foods
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Fibronectins, Health Promotion, Humans, Peptides, Stroke
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