Cited by 200Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesRegulation of Appetite and ObesityDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 123 of the 124 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Obesity and vulnerability of the CNS

Open access

Bruce-Keller, Annadora J., Keller, Jeffrey N., Morrison, Christopher D.·2009·Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease

DOI 10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.10.004PMC PMC2699212

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

The incidence of obesity is increasing worldwide, and is especially pronounced in developed western countries. While the consequences of obesity on metabolic and cardiovascular physiology are well established, epidemiological and experimental data are beginning to establish that the central nervous system (CNS) may also be detrimentally affected by obesity and obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction. In particular, data show that obesity in human populations is associated with cognitive decline and enhanced vulnerability to brain injury, while experimental studies in animal models confirm a profile of heightened vulnerability and decreased cognitive function. This review will describe findings from human and animal studies to summarize current understanding of how obesity affects the brain. Furthermore, studies aimed at identifying key elements of body-brain dialog will be discussed to assess how various metabolic and adipose-related signals could adversely affect the CNS. Overall, data suggest that obesity-induced alterations in metabolism may significantly synergize with age to impair brain function and accelerate age-related diseases of the nervous system. Thus, enhanced understanding of the effects of obesity and obesity-related metabolic dysfunction on the brain are especially critical as increasing numbers of obese individuals approach advanced age.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.10.004

Cites

123 of 123 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue
Zhang, Y., Proenca, R., Maffei, M., Barone, M., Leopold, L., & Friedman, J. M. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372425a0 · Cited by 13,419
‘Small Changes' to Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors for Weight Management
Hills, A. P., Byrne, N. M., Lindstrom, R. C., & Hill, J. O. (2013) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000345030 · Cited by 9,526
Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging.
Ames, B. N., Shigenaga, M. K., & Hagen, T. M. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.17.7915 · Cited by 5,958
Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals
Friedman, J. M., & Halaas, J. L. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/27376 · Cited by 5,405 · cited 1×
“signal to the brain that suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure [102].”
Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study
Ferri, C. P., Prince, M. J., Brayne, C., Brodaty, H., Fratiglioni, L., Ganguli, M., Hall, K. S., Hasegawa, K., Hendrie, H. C., Huang, Y., et al. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67889-0 · Cited by 5,336
Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study.
Hubert, H. B., Feinleib, M., McNamara, P. M., & Castelli, W. P. (1983) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.67.5.968 · Cited by 4,241
Translational Findings on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Anxiety: Contributions from Basic Research to Clinical Practice
da Luz, A. C. D. D. S., Dias, G. P., Bevilaqua, M. C. D. N., Cocks, G. D., Gardino, P. F., Thuret, S., & Nardi, A. E. (2013) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000353269 · Cited by 4,015
Obesity
Haslam, D. W., & James, W. P. T. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67483-1 · Cited by 3,757
Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R.
Tartaglia, L. A., Dembski, M., Weng, X., Deng, N., Culpepper, J., Devos, R., Richards, G. J., Campfield, L. A., Clark, F. T., Deeds, J., et al. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90151-5 · Cited by 3,496
The Obesity Epidemic in the United States Gender, Age, Socioeconomic, Racial/Ethnic, and Geographic Characteristics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis
Wang, Y., & Beydoun, M. A. (2007) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxm007 · Cited by 2,854

Show all 124 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Kovalchuk, 2002, Postsynaptic induction of BDNF-mediated long-term potentiation, Science, 295, 1729, 10.1126/science.1067766 · DOI · Paper page

Sorted by citations

Reward, dopamine and the control of food intake: implications for obesity
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., & Baler, R. D. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.11.001 · Cited by 1,400
“There is increasing evidence that obesity is associated with impairment on certain cognitive functions, such as executive function, attention and memory [73–75].”
Brain fuel metabolism, aging, and Alzheimer’s disease
Cunnane, S. C., Nugent, S., Roy, M., Courchesne‐Loyer, A., Croteau, É., Tremblay, S., Castellano, A., Pifferi, F., Bocti, C., Paquet, N., et al. (2010) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2010.07.021 · Cited by 633
“Obesity predisposes younger adults to the metabolic syndrome, which appears to increase the risk of degenerative changes in the brain [92].”
Background
Cognitive impairment following high fat diet consumption is associated with brain inflammation
Pistell, P. J., Morrison, C. D., Gupta, S., Knight, A. G., Keller, J. N., Ingram, D. K., & Bruce‐Keller, A. J. (2009) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.11.010 · Cited by 623
“Overall, these data are consistent with a growing body of literature describing the sensitivity of the brain to obesity and obesityinduced metabolic dysfunction (reviewed in Bruce-Keller et al., 2009).”
Self-citation
Obesity-Induced Neuroinflammation: Beyond the Hypothalamus
Guillemot‐Legris, O., & Muccioli, G. G. (2017) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2017.02.005 · Cited by 594
Obese-type gut microbiota induce neurobehavioral changes in the absence of obesity
Bruce-Keller, A. J., Salbaum, J. M., Luo, M., Blanchard, E., Taylor, C. M., Welsh, D. A., & Berthoud, H.-R. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.07.012 · Cited by 563
“of mental illness is obesity, which dramatically increases risk of depression, dementia, and stroke, and is associated with increased brain pathology and decreased brain function [reviewed in (2)].”
Self-citation
Integration of cellular bioenergetics with mitochondrial quality control and autophagy
Hill, B. G., Benavides, G. A., Lancaster, J. R., Ballinger, S. W., Dell’Italia, L., Zhang, J., & Darley-Usmar, V. M. (2012) · Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1515/hsz-2012-0198 · Cited by 495
Neuroimaging and obesity: current knowledge and future directions
Carnell, S., Gibson, C., Benson, L., Ochner, C. N., & Geliebter, A. (2012) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2011.00927.x · Cited by 441
“Biological mediators could include the physiological effects of sleep apnoea (33), increased adipose tissue hormone secretions such as leptin (34), or release of pro-inflammatory factors caused by consuming high-fat diets (35).”
Saturated long‐chain fatty acids activate inflammatory signaling in astrocytes
Gupta, S., Knight, A. G., Gupta, S., Keller, J. N., & Bruce‐Keller, A. J. (2012) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07660.x · Cited by 353
Self-citation
High fat diet increases hippocampal oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in aged mice: implications for decreased Nrf2 signaling
Morrison, C. D., Pistell, P. J., Ingram, D. K., Johnson, W. D., Liu, Y., Fernandez‐Kim, S. O., White, C. L., Purpera, M. N., Uranga, R. M., Bruce‐Keller, A. J., et al. (2010) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06865.x · Cited by 300
Self-citation
Why is obesity such a problem in the 21st century? The intersection of palatable food, cues and reward pathways, stress, and cognition
Morris, M. J., Beilharz, J. E., Maniam, J., Reichelt, A. C., & Westbrook, R. F. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.12.002 · Cited by 303
Food reward, hyperphagia, and obesity
Berthoud, H.-R., Lenard, N. R., & Shin, A. C. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00028.2011 · Cited by 275
“It is becoming clear that the obesity-induced toxic internal environment does not spare the brain (24, 46, 48, 52, 59, 95, 121, 127, 177, 182, 198).”
Background
Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in overnutrition-induced diseases
Cai, D. (2013) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2012.11.003 · Cited by 256
Effects of high fat diet on Morris maze performance, oxidative stress, and inflammation in rats: Contributions of maternal diet
White, C. L., Pistell, P. J., Purpera, M. N., Gupta, S., Fernandez-Kim, S.-O., Hise, T. L., Keller, J. N., Ingram, D. K., Morrison, C. D., & Bruce-Keller, A. J. (2009) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2009.04.002 · Cited by 245
“Indeed, epidemiological and experimental data have established that the brain is sensitive to obesity and obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction (reviewed in Bruce-Keller et al., 2008).”
Self-citation
Diet-induced obesity progressively alters cognition, anxiety-like behavior and lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior: focus on brain indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activation
André, C., Dinel, A.-L., Ferreira, G., Layé, S., & Castanon, N. (2014) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.03.012 · Cited by 241
Short exposure to a diet rich in both fat and sugar or sugar alone impairs place, but not object recognition memory in rats
Beilharz, J. E., Maniam, J., & Morris, M. J. (2014) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.11.016 · Cited by 234
“Excessive intake of this diet leads to increased body weight, progression into obesity, and the development of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders (Bruce-Keller et al., 2009; Haslam and James, 2005).”
Background
Maternal pre‐pregnancy obesity and risk for inattention and negative emotionality in children
Rodriguez, A. (2009) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02133.x · Cited by 233
Obesity associated with increased brain age from midlife
Ronan, L., Alexander‐Bloch, A. F., Wagstyl, K., Farooqi, I. S., Brayne, C., TYLER, L. K., & Fletcher, P. C. (2016) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.07.010 · Cited by 236
“Although the exact biological mechanisms are complex (Arnoldussen et al., 2014; Bruce-Keller et al., 2009; Cai, 2013; Chung et al., 2009),1 suggestion is that proinflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-a) and associated hormones such as leptin, produced by adipose tissue, elicit an infl…”
Background
Ghrelin signalling and obesity: At the interface of stress, mood and food reward
Schellekens, H., Finger, B. C., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2012) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.06.004 · Cited by 238
“Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Pharmacology & Therapeutics j ou rna l homepage: www.e lsev ie r .com/ locate /pharmthera Associate editor: P. Holzer Ghrelin signalling and obesity: At the interface of stress, mood and food reward Harriët Schellekens a,e, Beate C. Finger a,e, Timothy G. Dinan a,b,c,…”
BackgroundInfluential
Diet-Induced Cognitive Deficits: The Role of Fat and Sugar, Potential Mechanisms and Nutritional Interventions
Beilharz, J. E., Maniam, J., & Morris, M. J. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7085307 · Cited by 214
“These topics have been reviewed in detail elsewhere [8,9].”
Background
Secret talk between adipose tissue and central nervous system via secreted factors—an emerging frontier in the neurodegenerative research
Parimisetty, A., Dorsemans, A.-C., Awada, R., Ravanan, P., Diotel, N., & Lefebvre d’Hellencourt, C. (2016) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0530-x · Cited by 188
“Indeed, over the last decade, a number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) studies also reported alterations in brain morphology of overweight/obese individuals [40–42].”
Background
Structural Brain Changes Associated with Overweight and Obesity
Apo, E. G., Mondragón‐Maya, A., Ferrari-Díaz, M., & Silva‐Pereyra, J. (2021) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/2021/6613385 · Cited by 218
“Other studies have shown that obesity in healthy mature adults is associated with axonal and/or myelin abnormalities in the white matter and decreased gray matter volumes that can reflect neuronal loss [119].”
Background
The effects of a high-energy diet on hippocampal-dependent discrimination performance and blood–brain barrier integrity differ for diet-induced obese and diet-resistant rats
Davidson, T. L., Monnot, A. D., Neal, A. U., Martin, A., Horton, J., & Zheng, W. (2012) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.05.015 · Cited by 202
“The present results add to a number of epidemiological and experimental studies which suggest that common mechanisms may link obesity and metabolic disease to the emergence of cognitive dysfunction [24-26].”
Result
Obesity Reduces Cognitive and Motor Functions across the Lifespan
Wang, C., Chan, J. S. Y., Ren, L., & Yan, J. H. (2016) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2016/2473081 · Cited by 210
“Some also suggest that obesityrelated changes in metabolism interact with age to impair brain functions [72].”
Background
Intentional weight loss in overweight and obese individuals and cognitive function: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Siervo, M., Arnold, R. J., Wells, J. C. K., Tagliabue, A., Colantuoni, A., Albanese, E., Brayne, C., & Stephan, B. C. M. (2011) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2011.00903.x · Cited by 203
“The mechanisms by which obesity influences brain structure are unknown but may be linked to increased vascular and metabolic insult mediated by increased oxidative stress or inflammation (64).”
Background
Obesity: Pathophysiology and Intervention
Zhang, Y., Liu, J., Yao, J., Ji, G., Qian, L., Wang, J., Zhang, G., Tian, J., Nie, Y., Zhang, Y., et al. (2014) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu6115153 · Cited by 204
“Sleep apnea [123], increased secretion of adipocyte hormones such as leptin [124], or release of proinflammatory factors due to high-fat consumption may be physiological factors mediating the changes”
Background
Harnessing Gut Microbes for Mental Health: Getting From Here to There
Bruce‐Keller, A. J., Salbaum, J. M., & Berthoud, H. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.08.014 · Cited by 192
“Mental illness contributes substantially to the global burden of disability, and to uncover new avenues for treatment the generally tight association of neurobehavioral and metabolic dysfunction has come under intense scrutiny (15),(16),(17).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Childhood Obesity, Cortical Structure, and Executive Function in Healthy Children
Ronan, L., Alexander‐Bloch, A. F., & Fletcher, P. C. (2019) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhz257 · Cited by 200
“For example, in adult populations, a significant number of studies have suggested that obesity may play a causal role in the onset of brain structural changes and cognitive decline (Bruce-Keller et al. 2009; Arnoldussen et al. 2014).”
Background
Gut Microbiota: The Brain Peacekeeper
Mu, C., Yang, Y., & Zhu, W. (2016) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00345 · Cited by 188
Obesity and Aging
Bischof, G. N., & Park, D. C. (2015) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000212 · Cited by 189
“However, some hypotheses that have been proposed are as follows: a) hyperglycemia (higher blood glucose levels) is associated with a high-fat diet and has been shown to damage the vascular system and may indirectly affect brain shrinkage through decreases in neurons or impaired neurogenesis (55); b) recent evidence su…”
Background
Short-term exposure to a diet high in fat and sugar, or liquid sugar, selectively impairs hippocampal-dependent memory, with differential impacts on inflammation
Beilharz, J. E., Maniam, J., & Morris, M. J. (2016) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.018 · Cited by 169
Neuroanatomical differences in obesity: meta-analytic findings and their validation in an independent dataset
García‐García, I., Michaud, A., Dadar, M., Zeighami, Y., Neseliler, S., Collins, D. L., Evans, A. C., & Dagher, A. (2018) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-018-0164-4 · Cited by 167
Mood Disorders and Obesity: Understanding Inflammation as a Pathophysiological Nexus
Soczynska, J. K., Kennedy, S. H., Woldeyohannes, H. O., Liauw, S. S. L., Alsuwaidan, M. T., Yim, C. Y., & McIntyre, R. S. (2010) · NeuroMolecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12017-010-8140-8 · Cited by 167
“Deficits in learning, memory, and executive function are reported in obese when compared to lean individuals (Bruce-Keller et al. 2009).”
Neurodegeneration in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease is exacerbated by a high-fat diet
Morris, J. K., Bomhoff, G. L., Stanford, J. A., & Geiger, P. C. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00449.2010 · Cited by 163
High-fat diet consumption disrupts memory and primes elevations in hippocampal IL-1β, an effect that can be prevented with dietary reversal or IL-1 receptor antagonism
Sobesky, J. L., Barrientos, R. M., May, H. S. D., Thompson, B. M., Weber, M. D., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F. (2014) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.06.017 · Cited by 160
“This notion is supported by observations that waist circumference in humans is linked to augmented physiological stress responses (Brydon, 2011) and that obesity induces increased vulnerability of the CNS to the negative impacts of stress and injury (Yehuda et al., 2005; Bruce-Keller et al., 2009).”
Regional astrogliosis in the mouse hypothalamus in response to obesity
Buckman, L. B., Thompson, M. M., Moreno, H. N., & Ellacott, K. L. J. (2012) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.23233 · Cited by 151
“…Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) 1322 The Journal of Comparative Neurology | Research in Systems Neuroscience 521:1322–1333 (2013) (CNS) (Bruce-Keller et al., 2009); for example, obese individuals have a 6% higher incidence of stroke for every unit increase in body mass index greater…”
BackgroundInfluential
Momordica charantia (bitter melon) attenuates high-fat diet-associated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation
Nerurkar, P. V., Johns, L. M., Buesa, L. M., Kipyakwai, G. K., Volper, E. M., Sato, R., Shah, P. A., Fehér, D., Williams, P. G., & Nerurkar, V. R. (2011) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-64 · Cited by 145
“Background The rising epidemic of obesity is associated not only with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, but also brain dysfunction and early onset of dementia [1].”
Background
Body mass index correlates negatively with white matter integrity in the fornix and corpus callosum: A diffusion tensor imaging study
Xu, J., Yang, L., Lin, H., Sinha, R., & Potenza, M. N. (2011) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21491 · Cited by 138
“diets and increased blood levels of free fatty acids, leptin, and other chemicals associated with energy metabolism [Bruce-Keller et al., 2009; Cazettes et al., 2011; Pistell et al., 2010].”
Background
Caloric Restriction in Older Adults—Differential Effects of Weight Loss and Reduced Weight on Brain Structure and Function
Prehn, K., von Schwartzenberg, R. J., Mai, K., Zeitz, U., Witte, A. V., Hampel, D. J., Szela, A.-M., Fabian, S., Grittner, U., Spranger, J., et al. (2016) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhw008 · Cited by 139
Maternal Prepregnancy BMI and Child Cognition: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Basatemür, E., GARDINER, J. S., Williams, C. L., Melhuish, E. C., Barnes, J., & Sutcliffe, A. G. (2012) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2012-0788 · Cited by 125
Methylphenidate prevents high-fat diet (HFD)-induced learning/memory impairment in juvenile mice
Kaczmarczyk, M. M., Machaj, A. S., Chiu, G. S., Lawson, M. A., Gainey, S. J., York, J. M., Meling, D. D., Martin, S. A., Kwakwa, K. A., Newman, A. F., et al. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.01.004 · Cited by 127
“In humans, obesity impacts a variety of biobehaviors especially mood and cognition (Elias et al., 2003; Elias, et al., 2005; Bruce-Keller et al., 2009; Cserjesi et al., 2009) but how obesity impairs these brain-based functions remains unclear.”
Insulin Sensitivity as a Mediator of the Relationship Between BMI and Working Memory‐Related Brain Activation
Gonzales, M. M., Tarumi, T., Miles, S. C., Tanaka, H., Shah, F., & Haley, A. P. (2010) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2010.183 · Cited by 129
“including vascular damage, inflammation, triglycerides, and circulating levels of glucocorticoids (8).”
Background
The Obese Brain: Mechanisms of Systemic and Local Inflammation, and Interventions to Reverse the Cognitive Deficit
Salas-Venegas, V., Flores-Torres, R. P., Rodríguez-Cortés, Y. M., Rodríguez-Retana, D., Carreto, R. J. R., Concepción-Carrillo, L. E., Pérez-Flores, L. J., Alarcón‐Aguilar, A., López‐Díazguerrero, N. E., Gómez‐González, B., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2022.798995 · Cited by 126
The effect of overweight/obesity on cognitive function in euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder
Yim, C. Y., Soczynska, J. K., Kennedy, S. H., Woldeyohannes, H. O., Brietzke, E. M., & McIntyre, R. S. (2011) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.02.004 · Cited by 110
“It is well established that impairments in executive function are apparent in mixed populations of individuals with BD as well as obese individuals without psychiatric disorders [7,10,16,19, 22,26,27,28,41,45].”
Background
Inflammation and Insulin Resistance as Risk Factors and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease
Vinuesa, Á., Pomilio, C. J., Gregosa, A., Bentivegna, M., Presa, J., Bellotto, M., Saravia, F., & Beauquis, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.653651 · Cited by 117
“In the last decade, the gut microbiome has gained increasing interest due to its role in the physiology of humans and several animal models including rodents (Bruce-Keller et al., 2009).”
Background
Dietary Factors in the Etiology of Parkinson’s Disease
Ağım, Z. S., & Cannon, J. R. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/672838 · Cited by 115
“HFD increases nigral dopaminergic neurons susceptibility to environmental insults [125].”
Background
Dietary inflammatory index and memory function: population-based national sample of elderly Americans
Frith, E., Shivappa, N., Mann, J. R., Hébert, J. R., Wirth, M. D., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2018) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114517003804 · Cited by 105
“For example, chronic obesity may detrimentally influence memory function through morphological brain changes, insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, TAG metabolism, circulating levels of glucocorticoids and cerebral metabolite concentrations((9)).”
Background
High Fat Diet Exacerbates Neuroinflammation in an Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis by Activation of the Renin Angiotensin System
Timmermans, S., Bogie, J. F. J., Vanmierlo, T., Lütjohann, D., Stinissen, P., Hellings, N., & Hendriks, J. J. A. (2013) · Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s11481-013-9502-4 · Cited by 102
“In addition, obese mice show a decreased amount of myelin and marked changes in the composition of myelin, indicating that myelination in the CNS is affected by dietary compounds (Sena et al. 1985; Bruce-Keller et al. 2009; Winer et al. 2009).”
An Akkermansia muciniphila subtype alleviates high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders and inhibits the neurodegenerative process in mice
Wu, F., Guo, X., Zhang, M., Ou, Z., Wu, D., Deng, L., Lü, Z., Zhang, J., Deng, G., Chen, S., et al. (2019) · Anaerobe · doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.102138 · Cited by 100
Oxidative Stress and Altered Mitochondrial Function in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Lessons From Mouse Models
Fernández-Checa, J. C., Fernandez, A., Morales, A., Marí, M., García‐Ruiz, C., & Colell, A. (2010) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/187152710791556113 · Cited by 99
“Clearly, uncontrolled generation of ROS would be expected to affect different cells and hence the course of progression of multiple pathologies linked to neurodegeneration, such as obesity, insulin sensitivity, cardiovascular and liver diseases, which have been covered in recent reviews [11-13].”
Background
NOX2 deficiency attenuates markers of adiposopathy and brain injury induced by high-fat diet
Pepping, J. K., Freeman, L. R., Gupta, S., Keller, J. N., & Bruce‐Keller, A. J. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00398.2012 · Cited by 96
Self-citation
Lipids and Cognition
Morley, J. E., & Banks, W. A. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-091576 · Cited by 108
“The metabolic alterations associated with obesity interact with aging to reduce cognition and accelerate the onset of age-related dementia processes [102].”
The Socioeconomic Burden of Obesity
Kjellberg, J., Larsen, A. T., Ibsen, R., & Højgaard, B. (2017) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000480404 · Cited by 86
The saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, induces anxiety-like behavior in mice
Moon, M. L., Joesting, J. J., Lawson, M. A., Chiu, G. S., Blevins, N. A., Kwakwa, K. A., & Freund, G. G. (2014) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2014.06.002 · Cited by 87
“While longstanding overnutrition is linked to alterations in brain function and neuropsychiatric complications [8, 51], short-term overnutrition, in both rodents and humans, can generate adverse biobehaviors.”
Background
Re-thinking the Etiological Framework of Neurodegeneration
Castillo, X., Castro‐Obregón, S., Gutiérrez-Becker, B., Gutiérrez‐Ospina, G., Karalis, N., Khalil, A. A., López‐Noguerola, J. S., Rodríguez, L. L., Martínez‐Martínez, E., Perez‐Cruz, C., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00728 · Cited by 80
“In particular, data show that obesity is associated with cognitive decline and enhanced vulnerability to brain injury, while experimental studies in animal models confirm a profile of increased susceptibility to brain damage and decreased cognitive function (Bruce-Keller et al., 2009).”
Background
Relationship Between Obesity, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Parkinson’s Disease: an Astrocentric View
Martín-Jiménez, C., Gaitán-Vaca, D. M., Echeverría, V., González, J., & Barreto, G. E. (2016) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-016-0193-8 · Cited by 80
Stress-Induced Cytokines and Neuronal Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease
Ricci, S., Fuso, A., Ippoliti, F., & Businaro, R. (2012) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2011-110821 · Cited by 76
“Overall, the above-reported data are consistent with a growing body of literature describing the sensitivity of the brain to obesity and obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction [123].”
Brain structure and cognitive correlates of body mass index in healthy older adults
Bolzenius, J. D., Laidlaw, D. H., Cabeen, R. P., Conturo, T. E., McMichael, A. R., Lane, E., Heaps, J. M., Salminen, L. E., Baker, L. M., Scott, S. E., et al. (2014) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.10.010 · Cited by 76
Amelioration of Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Cognitive Impairments in Mice via a Reduction in Dietary Fat Content or Infusion of Non-Diabetic Plasma
Johnson, L. A., Zuloaga, K. L., Kugelman, T., Mader, K. S., Morré, J. T., Zuloaga, D. G., Weber, S. J., Marzulla, T., Mulford, A., Button, D. A., et al. (2015) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.12.008 · Cited by 74
“While the precise biologicalmechanisms bywhich obesity andweight loss affect cognitive function are unclear, several plausible pathways exist, including oxidative stress, inflammation,metabolic impairments and vascular dysfunction (Bruce-Keller et al., 2009).”
Background
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Trichostatin A, Improves Learning and Memory in High-Fat Diet-Induced Cognitive Deficits in Mice
Sharma, S., Taliyan, R., & Ramagiri, S. (2014) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-014-0461-x · Cited by 74
“Both aging and HFD consumption have been reported to cause increased brain oxidative damage (Bruce-Keller et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2009).”
Background
Mechanisms of Granulin Deficiency: Lessons from Cellular and Animal Models
Kleinberger, G., Capell, A., Haass, C., & Broeckhoven, C. V. (2012) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-012-8380-8 · Cited by 73
“A link between neurodegenerative diseases and obesity has been suggested and a number of studies associate obesity with cognitive decline and enhanced vulnerability to brain injury [137].”
Background
The microbiota-gut-brain axis in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory: current state and future challenges
Kuijer, E. J., & Steenbergen, L. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105296 · Cited by 76
Mitochondrial Abnormalities and Synaptic Loss Underlie Memory Deficits Seen in Mouse Models of Obesity and Alzheimer’s Disease
Martins, I. V. A., Rivers‐Auty, J., Allan, S. M., & Lawrence, C. B. (2016) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-160640 · Cited by 70
“Keywords: 3xTgAD, Alzheimer’s disease, high-fat diet, memory, mitochondria, Non-Tg, obesity, synapses”
NOX activity in brain aging: Exacerbation by high fat diet
Bruce‐Keller, A. J., White, C. L., Gupta, S., Knight, A. G., Pistell, P. J., Ingram, D. K., Morrison, C. D., & Keller, J. N. (2010) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.03.006 · Cited by 66
“Indeed, VHFD mice were heavier than WD mice at each age, and increased obesity per se could potentially mediate neurological perturbations noted in this study, as epidemiological and experimental data have established that the brain is sensitive to obesity and obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction (reviewed in [49]).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Neuroinflammatory and autonomic mechanisms in diabetes and hypertension
Han, C., Rice, M. W., & Cai, D. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00012.2016 · Cited by 66
Evidences of a new psychobiotic formulation on body composition and anxiety
Colica, C., Avolio, E., Bollero, P., Costa de Miranda, R., Ferraro, S., Sinibaldi Salimei, P., De Lorenzo, A., & Di Renzo, L. (2017) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2017/5650627 · Cited by 63
“At the same time, anxiety and other psychological disorders seem to be related to body composition and obesity [31].”
Background
Obesity and episodic memory function
Loprinzi, P. D., & Frith, E. (2018) · The Journal of Physiological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12576-018-0612-x · Cited by 63
A randomised controlled trial of manualized cognitive remediation therapy in adult obesity
Raman, J., Hay, P., Tchanturia, K., & Smith, E. (2017) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.12.023 · Cited by 61
“…executive function, with obesity impacting on executive functioning via biological mechanisms and impaired executive functioning increasing the risk of obesity v a disordered eating patterns and behaviours (Elias et al., 2003; Bruce-Keller et al., 2009; Smith et al., 2011; Stanek & Gunstad, 2013).”
Background
Unravelling the impacts of western-style diets on brain, gut microbiota and cognition
Kendig, M. D., Leigh, S., & Morris, M. J. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.031 · Cited by 63
Behavioral experiences as drivers of oligodendrocyte lineage dynamics and myelin plasticity
Tomlinson, L., Leiton, C. V., & Colognato, H. (2015) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.09.016 · Cited by 65
“…in saturated fats have a deleterious impact on white matter integrity, cognitive function, neuronal plasticity, neurotrophic signaling and activation of the stress-related hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis (Auvinen et al., 2012; Bruce-Keller et al., 2009; Freeman et al., 2014; White et al., 2009).”
Background
High-Fat Diet Induces Toll-Like Receptor 4-Dependent Macrophage/Microglial Cell Activation and Retinal Impairment
Lee, J., Wang, P., Yang, I.-H., Huang, H., Chang, C., Wu, C., & Chuang, J. (2015) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.15-16504 · Cited by 57
Adult obese mice suffer from chronic secondary brain injury after mild TBI
Sherman, M., Liu, M., Birnbaum, S. G., Wolf, S. E., Minei, J. P., & Gatson, J. W. (2016) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0641-4 · Cited by 53
“In the brain, links between obesity, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, deficits in neurogenesis, and cognitive/mood disorders have been reported [10–25].”
Background
The Impact of Obesity and Exercise on Cognitive Aging
Chan, J. S. Y., Yan, J. H., & Payne, V. G. (2013) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2013.00097 · Cited by 53
“Triglyceride adversely affects the neural system after its breakdown into free fatty acids (Bruce-Keller et al., 2009).”
Background
Grape Seed and Skin Extract Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Brain Lipotoxicity in Rat
Charradi, K., Elkahoui, S., Karkouch, I., Limam, F., Hassine, F. B., & Aouani, E. (2012) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-012-0821-2 · Cited by 51
Meningeal and choroid plexus cells—Novel drug targets for CNS disorders
Dragunow, M. (2013) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.01.013 · Cited by 51
Treadmill exercise alleviates impairment of cognitive function by enhancing hippocampal neuroplasticity in the high-fat diet-induced obese mice
Kim, T.-W., Choi, H.-H., & Chung, Y.-R. (2016) · Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation · doi:10.12965/jer.1632644.322 · Cited by 50
“Obesity impaired cognitive function and increased vulnerability to brain damage (Bruce-Keller et al., 2009).”
Background
Sodium butyrate ameliorates neurotoxicity and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in high fat diet-fed mice
Bayazid, A. B., Kim, J. G., Azam, S., Jeong, S. A., Kim, D. H., Park, C. W., & Lim, B. O. (2021) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2021.112743 · Cited by 49
Physical exercise promotes memory capability by enhancing hippocampal mitochondrial functions and inhibiting apoptosis in obesity-induced insulin resistance by high fat diet
Park, H.-S., Cho, H.-S., & Kim, T.-W. (2017) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-017-0160-8 · Cited by 49
Metabolic and neurologic consequences of chronic lopinavir/ritonavir administration to C57BL/6 mice
Pistell, P. J., Gupta, S., Knight, A. G., Domingue, M., Uranga, R. M., Ingram, D. K., Kheterpal, I., Ruiz, C., Keller, J. N., & Bruce‐Keller, A. J. (2010) · Antiviral Research · doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.10.006 · Cited by 44
“These data are consistent with a new but growing body of literature describing the sensitivity of the brain to metabolic dysfunction (reviewed in (Bruce-Keller et al., 2009).”
Self-citation
A comparative study about EPA-PL and EPA-EE on ameliorating behavioral deficits in MPTP-induced mice with Parkinson’s disease by suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis
Wang, C., Wang, D., Zhang, T., Yanagita, T., Xue, C., Chang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2018) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2018.09.027 · Cited by 42
Doenjang, A Korean Traditional Fermented Soybean Paste, Ameliorates Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet
Ko, J. W., Chung, Y.-S., Kwak, C. S., & Kwon, Y. H. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11081702 · Cited by 40
“Oxidative stress could lead to increased inflammatory cytokine levels, memory loss, and neuronal apoptosis [26,27].”
Background
Food quality and motivation: A refined low-fat diet induces obesity and impairs performance on a progressive ratio schedule of instrumental lever pressing in rats
Blaisdell, A. P., Lau, Y. L. M., Telminova, E., Lim, H. C., Fan, B., Fast, C. D., Garlick, D., & Pendergrass, D. C. (2014) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.02.025 · Cited by 39
“Although the effects of HFD feeding on cognition have been explored [11 – 15], little is known about the impact of re ﬁ ned vs. unre ﬁ ned food on cognition, and it remains dif ﬁ cult to disentangle the effects of dietary fat from the effects of HFD-induced obesity.”
Glutaredoxin 2 (GRX2) deficiency exacerbates high fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in brain injury: A mechanism involving GSK-3β
Wo-hua, Z., & Weiming, X. (2019) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108940 · Cited by 39
Gut and Brain: Investigating Physiological and Pathological Interactions Between Microbiota and Brain to Gain New Therapeutic Avenues for Brain Diseases
Deidda, G., & Biazzo, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.753915 · Cited by 37
Obesity and Bipolar Disorder: Synergistic Neurotoxic Effects?
Liu, C. S., Carvalho, A. F., Mansur, R. B., & McIntyre, R. S. (2013) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-013-0067-7 · Cited by 37
Aerobic Interval Training Regulated SIRT3 Attenuates High-Fat-Diet-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction
Shi, Z., Li, C., Yin, Y., Yang, Z., Han, X. M., Mu, N., Wang, Y., Liu, M., & Ma, H. (2018) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2018/2708491 · Cited by 35
“The rising epidemical evidence also shows that obesity is closely related to brain dysfunction and early onset of Alzheimer’s disease [6].”
Background
Administration of the Antioxidant N-Acetyl-Cysteine in Pregnant Mice Has Long-Term Positive Effects on Metabolic and Behavioral Endpoints of Male and Female Offspring Prenatally Exposed to a High-Fat Diet
Berry, A., Bellisario, V., Panetta, P., Raggi, C., Magnifico, M. C., Arese, M., & Cirulli, F. (2018) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00048 · Cited by 34
“…oxygen species (ROS; Zhang et al., 2005) and protein oxidation (Souza et al., 2007), thus resulting in increased oxidative damage in the brain (Cecarini et al., 2007; Bruce-Keller et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2009) and, more in general, in oxidative cell injury (Gutteridge and Halliwell, 2000).”
Background
Dietary influence on central nervous system myelin production, injury, and regeneration
Langley, M. R., Triplet, E. M., & Scarisbrick, I. A. (2020) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165779 · Cited by 35
Brain injury caused by HIV protease inhibitors: Role of lipodystrophy and insulin resistance
Gupta, S., Knight, A. G., Losso, B. Y., Ingram, D. K., Keller, J. N., & Bruce‐Keller, A. J. (2012) · Antiviral Research · doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.04.010 · Cited by 35
“Furthermore, epidemiological and experimental studies reveal quite clearly that metabolic dysfunction can increase brain injury and decrease cognitive function (reviewed in (Fillit et al., 2008), (Bruce-Keller et al., 2009), (Haan and Wallace, 2004), (Middleton and Yaffe, 2009)).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Estradiol Uses Different Mechanisms in Astrocytes from the Hippocampus of Male and Female Rats to Protect against Damage Induced by Palmitic Acid
Frago, L. M., Canelles, S., Freire‐Regatillo, A., Argente-Arizón, P., Barrios, V., Argente, J., García‐Segura, L. M., & Chowen, J. A. (2017) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2017.00330 · Cited by 34
Multiple Pathways Involved in Palmitic Acid-Induced Toxicity: A System Biology Approach
Osorio, D., Pinzón, A. M., Martín-Jiménez, C., Barreto, G. E., & González, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.01410 · Cited by 36
Serotonin transporter gene moderates associations between mood, memory and hippocampal volume
Price, J. S., Strong, J. A., Eliassen, J. C., McQueeny, T. M., Miller, M. M., Padula, C. B., Shear, P. K., & Lisdahl, K. M. (2012) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.11.013 · Cited by 35
Hippocampal Lipocalin 2 Is Associated With Neuroinflammation and Iron-Related Oxidative Stress in ob/ob Mice
Jin, Z. H., Kim, K. E., Shin, H. J., Jeong, E. A., Park, K.-A., Lee, J. Y., An, H. S., Choi, E. B., Jeong, J. H., Kwak, W., et al. (2020) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/nlaa017 · Cited by 34
Interaction of high-fat diet and brain trauma alters adipose tissue macrophages and brain microglia associated with exacerbated cognitive dysfunction
Henry, R. J., Barrett, J. P., Vaida, M. L., Khan, N., Makarevich, O. D., Ritzel, R. M., Faden, A. I., & Stoica, B. A. (2024) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-024-03107-6 · Cited by 35
“Because mice inherently prefer to explore novel objects, a preference for the novel object (more time than chance [15 s] spent with the novel object) indicates intact memory for the familiar object.”
Background
Sucrose consumption alters steroid and dopamine signalling in the female rat brain
Tobiansky, D. J., Kachkovski, G. V., Enos, R. T., Schmidt, K. L., Murphy, E. A., & Soma, K. K. (2020) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-19-0386 · Cited by 32
Inflammatory Pathways in Overweight and Obese Persons as a Potential Mechanism for Cognitive Impairment and Earlier Onset Alzeihmer’s Dementia in the General Population: A Narrative Review
Costache, A. D., Ignat, B. E., Grosu, C., Maștaleru, A., Abdulan, I. M., Oancea, A., Roca, M., Leon, M. M., Bădescu, M. C., Avadanei-Luca, S., et al. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11123233 · Cited by 31
Relationships between dietary macronutrients and adult neurogenesis in the regulation of energy metabolism
Yon, M. A., Mauger, S. L., & Pickavance, L. C. (2013) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s000711451200579x · Cited by 30
Myeloid-specific deletion of NOX2 prevents the metabolic and neurologic consequences of high fat diet
Pepping, J. K., Vandanmagsar, B., Fernandez-Kim, S.-O., Zhang, J., Mynatt, R. L., & Bruce‐Keller, A. J. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181500 · Cited by 29
Self-citation
MiR-122 marks the differences between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues and associates with the outcome of bariatric surgery
Liao, C., Wang, C., Liu, K., Liu, Y.-Y., Wen, M., & Yeh, T. (2018) · Obesity Research & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2018.06.005 · Cited by 31
Lopinavir/Ritonavir Treatment Induces Oxidative Stress and Caspaseindependent Apoptosis in Human Glioblastoma U-87 MG Cell Line
Gratton, R., Tricarico, P. M., Guimarães, R. L., Celsi, F., & Crovella, S. (2018) · Current HIV Research · doi:10.2174/1570162x16666180528100922 · Cited by 28
Impact of the principal stroke risk factors on human movements
O’Reilly, C., & Réjean Plamondon, B. (2010) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2010.07.010 · Cited by 27

Authors: Bruce-Keller, A. J., Keller, J. N., & Morrison, C. D.
Affiliations: Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
ORCID: Keller, Jeffrey N.
Morrison, Christopher D.
Venue: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-05
Volume: 1792
Issue: 5
Pages: 395-400
ISSN: 0925-4439 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.10.004
PMC: PMC2699212
OpenAlex: W2154638777
Cited by: 200
References: 124
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 0.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 1539 d)
Locations: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Trinity's Access to Research Output (TARA) (Trinity College Dublin) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (P01AG005119)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS046267)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords: obesity, central nervous system, cognitive decline, metabolic dysfunction, aging, neurodegenerative diseases, animal models of obesity
MeSH terms: Aging, Animals, Brain, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Obesity, Signal Transduction

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Obesity and vulnerability of the CNS

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks