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A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China
Open accessAbstract
In addition to being a public physical health emergency, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected global mental health, as evidenced by panic-buying worldwide as cases soared. Little is known about changes in levels of psychological impact, stress, anxiety and depression during this pandemic. This longitudinal study surveyed the general population twice - during the initial outbreak, and the epidemic's peak four weeks later, surveying demographics, symptoms, knowledge, concerns, and precautionary measures against COVID-19. There were 1738 respondents from 190 Chinese cities (1210 first-survey respondents, 861 s-survey respondents; 333 respondents participated in both). Psychological impact and mental health status were assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), respectively. IES-R measures PTSD symptoms in survivorship after an event. DASS -21 is based on tripartite model of psychopathology that comprise a general distress construct with distinct characteristics. This study found that there was a statistically significant longitudinal reduction in mean IES-R scores (from 32.98 to 30.76, p < 0.01) after 4 weeks. Nevertheless, the mean IES-R score of the first- and second-survey respondents were above the cut-off scores (>24) for PTSD symptoms, suggesting that the reduction in scores was not clinically significant. During the initial evaluation, moderate-to-severe stress, anxiety and depression were noted in 8.1%, 28.8% and 16.5%, respectively and there were no significant longitudinal changes in stress, anxiety and depression levels (p > 0.05). Protective factors included high level of confidence in doctors, perceived survival likelihood and low risk of contracting COVID-19, satisfaction with health information, personal precautionary measures. As countries around the world brace for an escalation in cases, Governments should focus on effective methods of disseminating unbiased COVID-19 knowledge, teaching correct containment methods, ensuring availability of essential services/commodities, and providing sufficient financial support.
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“In a sample of 1,173 undergraduate and postgraduate students from a university in the UK, over 50% of respondents surpassed clinical thresholds for anxiety and depression (21).”
From Mental health status and coping strategies during COVID-19 pandemic among university students in Central Serbia (2023) · cites this paper as [21]
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“recent international studies have reported increased symptoms of anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, and psychological distress during lockdown (4–10)”
From The Evolution of Psychological and Behavioral Consequences of Self-Isolation During Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study Across United Kingdom and Italy (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
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“Although a strength of the present study is that it addresses the absence of longitudinal studies examining the impact of COVID‐19 on adolescents (McGinty et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020), there are several limitations that must be acknowledged.”
From Adolescents' longitudinal trajectories of mental health and loneliness: The impact of COVID‐19 school closures (2022) · cites this paper as Wang et al., 2020
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“Recent research has shown that, in the general public, the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with greater levels of psychological distress and a range of psychopathological problems such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (e.g., Gao et al., 2020; Qiu et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020).”
From Why did all the toilet paper disappear? Distinguishing between panic buying and hoarding during COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as Wang et al., 2020
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“Consistent with the literature, our research suggested significant deleterious effects after the first week, followed by stabilization of the scores during the subsequent quarantine period, supporting the view that individuals may adapt to the negative consequences of social isolation and home confinement (10, 46, 93).”
From The Evolution of Psychological and Behavioral Consequences of Self-Isolation During Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study Across United Kingdom and Italy (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
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“Parallel literature from other countries indicates that there are higher levels of panic disorder, anxiety, and depression [1,43,44].”
From Relationships between psychopathology, psychological process variables, and sociodemographic variables and comparison of quarantined and non-quarantined groups of malaysian university students in the covid-19 pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as [44]
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“Factors relating to COVID-19 symptoms and disease exposure are associated with negative psychological outcomes including depression, anxiety and stress (Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, 2020; Wang et al., 2020).”
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“as are longitudinal studies including multiple time points during COVID‐19 (Wang et al., 2020).”
From Adolescents' longitudinal trajectories of mental health and loneliness: The impact of COVID‐19 school closures (2022) · cites this paper as Wang et al., 2020
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“Wang et al. (2020) surveyed the general population in China, including adolescents, on two separate occasions (January 31 to February 2, 2020, ages 16–59 years; and February 28 to March 1, 2020, ages 12–59 years) and found levels of stress, anxiety, and depression remained stable, despite sharp increases in the number of COVID‐19 cases between the two surveys.”
From Adolescents' longitudinal trajectories of mental health and loneliness: The impact of COVID‐19 school closures (2022) · cites this paper as Wang et al. (2020)
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“Longitudinally, however, there were no significant changes in stress, anxiety and depression levels after one month in a follow-up study [44].”
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“Similarly, a study by Wang et al. (2020) found that the impact of digital infrastructure on international trade is stronger in countries with better institutional quality.”
From Digital Transformation in International Trade: Opportunities, Challenges, and Policy Implications (2025) · cites this paper as Wang et al. (2020)
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“Similarly, a study by Wang et al. (2020) found that institutional quality, digital infrastructure, and international trade are positively correlated in China.”
From Digital Transformation in International Trade: Opportunities, Challenges, and Policy Implications (2025) · cites this paper as Wang et al. (2020)
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“The authors suggest that better digital infrastructure enhances a country's trade competitiveness by reducing transaction costs and improving access to information.”
From Digital Transformation in International Trade: Opportunities, Challenges, and Policy Implications (2025) · cites this paper as Wang et al. (2020)
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“For example, recent studies found that insufficient information (González-Sanguino et al., 2020) or misinformation (‘fake news’) on COVID-19 (Wang et al., 2020) was associated with poorer mental health and well-being (Ko et al., 2020; Chao et al., 2020; Gao et al., 2020).”
From Lockdown, quarantine measures, and social distancing: Associations with depression, anxiety and distress at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults from Germany (2020) · cites this paper as Wang et al., 2020
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Citations
Cites
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Self-citation
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“Longitudinally, however, there were no significant changes in stress, anxiety and depression levels after one month in a follow-up study [44].”
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“Variables related to the social environment, such as social status, neighborhood and negative life events, are significantly associated with depression (Gao et al., 2023; Richardson et al., 2015; Vidal and Latkin, 2020; Z. Wang et al., 2020).”
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“Consistent with previous studies (49), we found that those who wore a mask outside were less likely to report mental health problems.”
ResultAhmad, S., Masood, S., Khan, N. Z., Badruddin, I., Ompal, Ahmadian, A., Khan, Z. A., & Khan, A. (2022) · Operations Research Perspectives · doi:10.1016/j.orp.2022.100263 · Cited by 19
“The results of the present study are supported by the findings of the studies available in the literature [32,33] in which the researchers also considered psychological factors, anxiety, and stress, to analyze the impact of COVID-19-led social distancing on mental health and they found these factors to be the most cri…”
ResultChudzicka-Czupała, A., Chiang, S.-K., Grabowski, D., Żywiołek-Szeja, M., Quek, M., Pudełek, B., Teopiz, K., Ho, R. C. M., & McIntyre, R. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192215405 · Cited by 19
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“An individual’s perception of having poor physical health is associated with higher stress and psychological morbidity [23], as is a history of chronic illness [24].”
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Rahman, M. M., Asikunnaby, Khan, S. J., Arony, A., Mamun, Z. A., Procheta, N. F., Sakib, M. S., Aryal, K., Rahman, F., & Islam, A. R. M. T. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11154617 · Cited by 24
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BackgroundMental Health during COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Perceptions among Lithuanian Adolescents
Lukoševičiūtė, J., & Šmigelskas, K. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19127086 · Cited by 18
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Comparing mortality from covid-19 to mortality due to overdose: A micromort analysis
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Self-citationPsychological features of post-COVID syndrome course
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“Moreover, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been reported throughout the pandemic as an indirect consequence of stress and altered daily life [44,45].”
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ResultFactors Related to Mental Health During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain
González, R. P., Vicario‐Molina, I., Ortega, E. G., & Picos, A. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.715792 · Cited by 22
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InfluentialCOVID-19–Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Jordanian Nurses During the Pandemic
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“Similar to some previous studies [9, 10], there was a significant age effect.”
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“research which found slight declines or relative stability in perceived stress and depressive symptoms (Kujawa et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020; Yarrington et al., 2021) and relatively stability in life satisfaction (Aknin et al.”
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Mental health and resilience during the coronavirus pandemic: A machine learning approach
Samuelson, K. W., Dixon, K. E., Jordan, J. T., Powers, T., Sonderman, S., & Brickman, S. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23254 · Cited by 21
“…2020; González‐Sanguino et al., 2020; French et al., 2020; Özdin & Bayrak Özdin, 2020; Usher et al., 2020), poorer physical health (Zhou et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020), financial instability (Sinawi et al., 2021), financial loss due to COVID‐19 (Hyland et al., 2020), and social isolation or…”
BackgroundInfluentialFuller‐Rowell, T. E., Nichols, O. I., Doan, S. N., Adler‐Baeder, F. M., & El‐Sheikh, M. (2021) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968211042111 · Cited by 19
“…conducted approximately 1 week into the lockdown in China found that the majority of adults reported a moderate-to-severe psychological impact of the pandemic (Wang et al., 2020) and that psychological distress was still present in a follow-up survey conducted 1 month later (Wang et al., 2020).”
BackgroundTadesse, A. W., Mihret, S. T., Biset, G., & Kassa, A. M. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045623 · Cited by 20
Zhang, Q., Zheng, R., Fu, Y., Mu, Q., & Li, J. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11550-w · Cited by 33
“The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) was used by previous studies, which is different from the one used in this study [27, 28].”
BackgroundMethodŞahin, Ş., Karşıdağ, S., Çınar, N., Ateş, M. F., Demir, S., Eren, F., Neyal, A., Ak, A. K., Tokçaer, A. B., Ataoğlu, E. E., et al. (2021) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000517380 · Cited by 17
Mental health emergencies and COVID-19: the impact of ‘lockdown’ in the East Midlands of the UK
Moore, H. E., Siriwardena, A. N., Gussy, M. G., Tanser, F. C., Hill, B., & Spaight, R. (2021) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2021.973 · Cited by 21
Nguyen, M. H., Pham, T. T. M., Pham, L. V., Phan, D. T., Tran, T. V., Nguyen, H. C., Nguyen, H. C., Ha, T. H., Dao, H. K., Nguyen, P. B., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.3389/ijph.2021.634904 · Cited by 16
“The benefits of handwashing and mask-wearing on reducing the harmful impact of the pandemic on psychological health also was discussed in previous studies [39, 45].”
BackgroundWu, G., Deng, X., & Liu, B. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01953-8 · Cited by 25
Khozaei, F., Kim, M. J., Nematipour, N., & Ali, A. (2021) · Journal of Facilities Management · doi:10.1108/jfm-09-2020-0065 · Cited by 25
Deng, S., & Feng, X. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01792-7 · Cited by 19
Education, Financial Stress, and Trajectory of Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Jiang, Y., Zilioli, S., Balzarini, R. N., Zoppolat, G., & Slatcher, R. B. (2021) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026211049374 · Cited by 23
Shen, F., Min, C., Lu, Y., & Chu, Y. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10784-y · Cited by 18
Kleinmann, B., Abberger, B., Kieselbach, K., & Wolter, T. (2021) · Pain Physician · doi:10.36076/ppj.2021.24.165-173 · Cited by 18
The relationship between spiritual well-being and fear of COVID-19 among Turkish elders
Durmuş, M., & Durar, E. (2021) · Journal of Religion Spirituality & Aging · doi:10.1080/15528030.2021.1894627 · Cited by 18
“It is emphasized that the increasing fear of individuals during the Covid-19 outbreak also causes different psychological problems (Wang et al., 2020; Zhang & Song, 2020).”
BackgroundYe, M., Chen, S., Li, X., Huang, J., Mei, R., Qiu, T., Li, Y., Zhang, H., Chen, Q., Xie, C.-Y., et al. (2021) · Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness · doi:10.1017/dmp.2021.33 · Cited by 13
Assessing the Transitional Impact and Mental Health Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic Onset
Heanoy, E. Z., Shi, L., & Brown, N. R. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607976 · Cited by 24
The COVID-19 pandemic and insecurity: the furiousness in Nigerian communities
Akanmu, A. A., Salisu, U. O., Daramola, O. P., Ogunsesan, S. A., Fasina, S. O., Adejare, J. A., Sanni, S. M., & Olatunji, O. M. (2021) · Urban Planning and Transport Research · doi:10.1080/21650020.2021.1946420 · Cited by 22
Riblet, N. B. V., Stevens, S. P., Shiner, B. R., Cornelius, S. L., Forehand, J. A., Scott, R. C., & Watts, B. V. (2020) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usaa559 · Cited by 22
“Our findings mirror those of Wang et al. (2020) who found in a longitudinal study of mental health outcome in a general population in China that there were no significant changes in mental health symptoms between January and March 2020.23 Our observation that patients, in general, reported that…”
ResultInfluentialInvestigation of anxiety levels of 1637 healthcare workers during the epidemic of COVID-19
Shen, M., Xu, H., Fu, J., Wang, T., Fu, Z., Zhao, X., Gendi, Z., Jin, Q., & Tong, G. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0243890 · Cited by 22
“The epidemic of COVID-19 has a huge psychological impact on general population [2], workers [3], psychiatric patients [4] and rural population [5].”
BackgroundSomma, A., Marelli, S., Gialdi, G., Castelnuovo, A., Mombelli, S., Ferini‐Strambi, L., & Fossati, A. (2020) · Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.6092/2282-1619/mjcp-2550 · Cited by 26
“…suggesting deterioration of perceived sleep quality and increased daytime dysfunction in university students during COVID-19 quarantine measures (Cellini et al., 2020; Tang et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020), while stressing the need for identifying risk factors for change in sleep quality patterns.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPsychological stress: Repercussions ofCOVID‐19 on gender
Ahuja, P., Syal, G., & Kaur, A. (2020) · Journal of Public Affairs · doi:10.1002/pa.2533 · Cited by 18
Chen, X., Gao, H., Zou, Y., & Lin, F. (2020) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268820002009 · Cited by 38
“The baseline survey was conducted between the 2nd and 8th of February 2020, when China was going through a phase of a rapid increase in the number of newly diagnosed COVID-19 cases and related deaths [15].”
BackgroundClinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in patients aged 80 years and older
Dang, J., Zhu, G., Yang, Y., & Zheng, F. (2020) · Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.joim.2020.07.002 · Cited by 25
Are SAARC countries prepared to combat COVID-19 to save young, working-age population?
Sultana, F., & Reza, H. M. (2020) · AIMS Public Health · doi:10.3934/publichealth.2020036 · Cited by 18
Keskin, G. (2021) · Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada · doi:10.1590/pboci.2021.102 · Cited by 20
Ergenç, H. (2020) · Medicine Science | International Medical Journal · doi:10.5455/medscience.2020.07.132 · Cited by 18
“3% of depression rate among the general population in China, showing that the whole population may be considerably affected by the crisis [14-16].”
BackgroundReciprocal effect between non-suicidal self-injury and depressive symptoms in adolescence
Hu, R., Peng, L.-M., Du, Y., Feng, Y.-W., Xie, L., Shi, W., Jia, P., Jiang, L.-H., & Zhao, L. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1243885 · Cited by 17
Bridging the Social Distance: Offline to Online Social Support during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Hoefer, G., Massachi, T., Xu, N. G., Nugent, N. R., & Huang, J. J. S. (2022) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3555530 · Cited by 16
Tarsitani, L., Pinucci, I., Tedeschi, F., Patanè, M., Papola, D., Palantza, C., Acartürk, C., Björkenstam, E., Bryant, R. A., Burchert, S., et al. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04265-8 · Cited by 20
“Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‑19) epidemic among the general popula‑ tion in China.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThe experiences of nursing students using virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic
Mousavizadeh, S. N. (2022) · Journal of Medicine and Life · doi:10.25122/jml-2021-0315 · Cited by 17
“Hence, the spread of fear among people exposed to the virus is a fairly common phenomenon, and this leads to the greater focus of public health officials and the media on breaking the transmission chain through individual isolation, social distancing, and widespread closure of administrative and educational centers ai…”
A comparison of anxiety levels before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Voss, C., Shorter, P., Weatrowski, G., Mueller, J., & Turner, K. (2022) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941221093250 · Cited by 23
“…found that countries with greater adherence to health protective behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic have lower rates of depression and anxiety (Wang et al., 2020b), and that those who felt they had more control over being infected with COVID also had lower rates of anxiety (Wierenga et al.,…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDevelopment and Validation of a Coping Strategies Scale for Use in Chinese Contexts
Zhao, J., Chapman, E., Houghton, S., & Lawrence, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.845769 · Cited by 17
The Mediating Effect of Social Problem-Solving Between Perfectionism and Subjective Well-Being
Wang, C., Huang, Y., & Xiao, Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.764976 · Cited by 20
“A study in China showed that students affected by COVID-19 felt more psychological stress due to the impact of prolonged suspensions (Wang et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPersistence of the Effects of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Sleep: A Longitudinal Study
Gorgoni, M., Scarpelli, S., Mangiaruga, A., Alfonsi, V., Bonsignore, M. R., Fanfulla, F., Ferini‐Strambi, L., Nobili, L., Plazzi, G., & Gennaro, L. D. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11111520 · Cited by 19
“Another study conducted in China at the beginning of the outbreak and after 4 weeks (when the number of daily COVID-19 cases was reduced) highlighted a reduction in post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology in the second survey, without differences in anxiety, depression, and stress [39].”
BackgroundZhou, Y., Yang, W. F. Z., Ma, Y., Wu, Q., Yang, D. L., Liu, T., & Wu, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.768089 · Cited by 22
“A recent study reported that people’s confidence in medical services and satisfaction with healthcare information provided to the public directly affected the mental and psychological health of the public during the COVID-19 pandemic (13).”
BackgroundPsychological problems among the university students in Saudi Arabia during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Mohammed, Z., Arafa, A., Atlam, E., El‐Qerafi, N., El‐Shazly, M., Al‐Hazazi, O., & Ewis, A. A. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.14853 · Cited by 50
Isaac, V., Cheng, X., Townsin, L., Assareh, H., Li, A. S., & McLachlan, C. S. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18189501 · Cited by 17
“In contrast to similar studies [28,29], older individuals are well represented in our study, with 15% of our study population over 70 years old and a further 44% of our study population over 50 years old.”
ResultYe, Y., Wu, R., Ge, Y., Wang, T., Yao, X., Yao, Y., Long, C., Chen, F., Tang, S., & Huang, R. (2021) · Infectious Diseases of Poverty · doi:10.1186/s40249-021-00884-7 · Cited by 20
“A longitudinal study also suggested that promoting preventive measures can alleviate the fear and confusion of the population and protect mental health in China[21].”
BackgroundSánchez-Sánchez, E., Díaz-Jiménez, J., Rosety, I., Alférez, M. J. M., Díaz, A. J., Rosety, M. Á., Ordóñez, F. J., & Rosety-Rodríguez, M. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13072380 · Cited by 24
“This result wassimilar to those reported during the first phase of the pandemic by other researchers [33,37].”
ResultBaumann, C., Rousseau, H., Tarquinio, C., Batt, M., Tarquinio, P., Lebreuilly, R., Sorsana, C., Legrand, K., Guillemin, F., & Bourion-Bédès, S. (2021) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-021-01903-9 · Cited by 25
“Students have been identified as a vulnerable group experiencing significant levels of stress, anxiety and depression affecting their mental health [6, 7].”
BackgroundVancea, F., & Apostol, M.-Ş. (2021) · Science Progress · doi:10.1177/00368504211025873 · Cited by 18
Carter, B. N. Z., Boardley, I. D., & van de Ven, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.636706 · Cited by 20
Behavioural change in Prader–Willi syndrome during COVID‐19 pandemic
Wieting, J., Eberlein, C. K., Bleich, S., Frieling, H., & Deest, M. (2021) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/jir.12831 · Cited by 31
Rajkumar, R. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.652353 · Cited by 24
Yan, T., Wang, Z., Jianzhong, Z., Yubo, Y., Jie, L., Junjun, Z., & Guangtian, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.566241 · Cited by 18
“Longitudinal studies among the general population suggested that depression, anxiety, and stress in response to COVID-19 is not just an initial reaction but potentially the start of a persistent problem that extends beyond the pandemic (15, 16).”
BackgroundSica, C., Perkins, E. R., Latzman, R. D., Caudek, C., Colpizzi, I., Bottesi, G., Caruso, M., Giulini, P., Cerea, S., & Patrick, C. J. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.110770 · Cited by 20
Wayessa, Z. J., Melesse, G. T., Amaje, E., & Wako, W. G. (2021) · SAGE Open Medicine · doi:10.1177/20503121211032810 · Cited by 21
Badr, H., Oluyomi, A., Fahmideh, M. A., Raza, S. A., Zhang, X., El-Mubasher, O., & Amos, C. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044642 · Cited by 19
Castelo-Branco, L., & Fregni, F. (2020) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2020.00046 · Cited by 18
Coelho, A. P. S., Oliveira, D. S., Fernandes, E. T. B. S., Santos, A. L. D. S., Rios, M. O., Fernandes, E. S. F., Novaes, C. P., Viana, T. B. P., & Fernandes, T. S. S. (2020) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v9i9.8074 · Cited by 34
Caution when linking COVID-19 to mental health consequences
Meda, N., & Slongo, I. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.018 · Cited by 21
Marko, Ć., Košec, A., & Brečić, P. (2020) · Brain, behavior, and immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.054 · Cited by 17
Yu Qing, W. U., Liu, J., Quevedo, J. M. D., Cheng, H., Yu, K., & Kohsaka, R. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1286518 · Cited by 16
“Furthermore, overcrowded housing and work pressures threaten residents’ mental health (7), which has worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic (8) and may pose a substantial public health risk (9).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., McIntyre, R. S., Choo, F. N., Tran, B., Ho, R., Sharma, V. K., & Ho, C.
- Affiliations
- Huaibei Normal University (CN)
- University Health Network (CA)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ho, Roger
- ORCID
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-07
- Volume
- 87
- Pages
- 40-48
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7153528
- OpenAlex
- W3016216556
- Cited by
- 2,571
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 103 · 2024: 176 · 2023: 347 · 2022: 611 · 2021: 845 · 2020: 455
- FWCI
- 225.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National University of Singapore (R-722-000-004-731)
- Huaibei Normal University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, mental health, psychological impact, anxiety, depression, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, general population, protective factors, perceived infection risk, precautionary measures, China
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, Internet-Based Intervention, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Child, China, Depression, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Masks, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Psychotherapy, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological, Health Behavior, Coronavirus Infections, Young Adult, Epidemics, Pandemics, Hand Hygiene
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