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A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China
Open accessAbstract
In addition to being a public physical health emergency, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected global mental health, as evidenced by panic-buying worldwide as cases soared. Little is known about changes in levels of psychological impact, stress, anxiety and depression during this pandemic. This longitudinal study surveyed the general population twice - during the initial outbreak, and the epidemic's peak four weeks later, surveying demographics, symptoms, knowledge, concerns, and precautionary measures against COVID-19. There were 1738 respondents from 190 Chinese cities (1210 first-survey respondents, 861 s-survey respondents; 333 respondents participated in both). Psychological impact and mental health status were assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), respectively. IES-R measures PTSD symptoms in survivorship after an event. DASS -21 is based on tripartite model of psychopathology that comprise a general distress construct with distinct characteristics. This study found that there was a statistically significant longitudinal reduction in mean IES-R scores (from 32.98 to 30.76, p < 0.01) after 4 weeks. Nevertheless, the mean IES-R score of the first- and second-survey respondents were above the cut-off scores (>24) for PTSD symptoms, suggesting that the reduction in scores was not clinically significant. During the initial evaluation, moderate-to-severe stress, anxiety and depression were noted in 8.1%, 28.8% and 16.5%, respectively and there were no significant longitudinal changes in stress, anxiety and depression levels (p > 0.05). Protective factors included high level of confidence in doctors, perceived survival likelihood and low risk of contracting COVID-19, satisfaction with health information, personal precautionary measures. As countries around the world brace for an escalation in cases, Governments should focus on effective methods of disseminating unbiased COVID-19 knowledge, teaching correct containment methods, ensuring availability of essential services/commodities, and providing sufficient financial support.
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“In a sample of 1,173 undergraduate and postgraduate students from a university in the UK, over 50% of respondents surpassed clinical thresholds for anxiety and depression (21).”
From Mental health status and coping strategies during COVID-19 pandemic among university students in Central Serbia (2023) · cites this paper as [21]
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“recent international studies have reported increased symptoms of anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, and psychological distress during lockdown (4–10)”
From The Evolution of Psychological and Behavioral Consequences of Self-Isolation During Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study Across United Kingdom and Italy (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
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“Although a strength of the present study is that it addresses the absence of longitudinal studies examining the impact of COVID‐19 on adolescents (McGinty et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020), there are several limitations that must be acknowledged.”
From Adolescents' longitudinal trajectories of mental health and loneliness: The impact of COVID‐19 school closures (2022) · cites this paper as Wang et al., 2020
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“Recent research has shown that, in the general public, the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with greater levels of psychological distress and a range of psychopathological problems such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (e.g., Gao et al., 2020; Qiu et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020).”
From Why did all the toilet paper disappear? Distinguishing between panic buying and hoarding during COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as Wang et al., 2020
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“Consistent with the literature, our research suggested significant deleterious effects after the first week, followed by stabilization of the scores during the subsequent quarantine period, supporting the view that individuals may adapt to the negative consequences of social isolation and home confinement (10, 46, 93).”
From The Evolution of Psychological and Behavioral Consequences of Self-Isolation During Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study Across United Kingdom and Italy (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
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“Parallel literature from other countries indicates that there are higher levels of panic disorder, anxiety, and depression [1,43,44].”
From Relationships between psychopathology, psychological process variables, and sociodemographic variables and comparison of quarantined and non-quarantined groups of malaysian university students in the covid-19 pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as [44]
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“Factors relating to COVID-19 symptoms and disease exposure are associated with negative psychological outcomes including depression, anxiety and stress (Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, 2020; Wang et al., 2020).”
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“as are longitudinal studies including multiple time points during COVID‐19 (Wang et al., 2020).”
From Adolescents' longitudinal trajectories of mental health and loneliness: The impact of COVID‐19 school closures (2022) · cites this paper as Wang et al., 2020
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“Wang et al. (2020) surveyed the general population in China, including adolescents, on two separate occasions (January 31 to February 2, 2020, ages 16–59 years; and February 28 to March 1, 2020, ages 12–59 years) and found levels of stress, anxiety, and depression remained stable, despite sharp increases in the number of COVID‐19 cases between the two surveys.”
From Adolescents' longitudinal trajectories of mental health and loneliness: The impact of COVID‐19 school closures (2022) · cites this paper as Wang et al. (2020)
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“Longitudinally, however, there were no significant changes in stress, anxiety and depression levels after one month in a follow-up study [44].”
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“Similarly, a study by Wang et al. (2020) found that the impact of digital infrastructure on international trade is stronger in countries with better institutional quality.”
From Digital Transformation in International Trade: Opportunities, Challenges, and Policy Implications (2025) · cites this paper as Wang et al. (2020)
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“Similarly, a study by Wang et al. (2020) found that institutional quality, digital infrastructure, and international trade are positively correlated in China.”
From Digital Transformation in International Trade: Opportunities, Challenges, and Policy Implications (2025) · cites this paper as Wang et al. (2020)
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“The authors suggest that better digital infrastructure enhances a country's trade competitiveness by reducing transaction costs and improving access to information.”
From Digital Transformation in International Trade: Opportunities, Challenges, and Policy Implications (2025) · cites this paper as Wang et al. (2020)
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“For example, recent studies found that insufficient information (González-Sanguino et al., 2020) or misinformation (‘fake news’) on COVID-19 (Wang et al., 2020) was associated with poorer mental health and well-being (Ko et al., 2020; Chao et al., 2020; Gao et al., 2020).”
From Lockdown, quarantine measures, and social distancing: Associations with depression, anxiety and distress at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults from Germany (2020) · cites this paper as Wang et al., 2020
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Citations
Cites
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Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: a systematic review
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Prevalence of anxiety in the COVID-19 pandemic: An updated meta-analysis of community-based studies
Santabárbara, J., Lasheras, I., Lipnicki, D. M., Bueno‐Notivol, J., Pérez-Moreno, M. A., López‐Antón, R., de la Cámara, C., Lobo, A., & Gracia‐García, P. (2020) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110207 · Cited by 461
Tran, B. X., Nguyen, H. T., Le, H. T., Latkin, C. A., Pham, H. Q., Vu, L. G., Le, X. T. T., Nguyen, T. T., Pham, Q. T., Ta, N. T. K., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565153 · Cited by 351
Self-citationAbuse, self-harm and suicidal ideation in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Iob, E., Steptoe, A., & Fancourt, D. (2020) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2020.130 · Cited by 297
Mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.
Tella, M. D., Romeo, A., Benfante, A., & Castelli, L. (2020) · Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice · doi:10.22541/au.158878917.77777713 · Cited by 328
Yıldırım, M., & Arslan, G. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01177-2 · Cited by 343
Termorshuizen, J. D., Watson, H. J., Thornton, L. M., Borg, S., Flatt, R. E., MacDermod, C. M., Harper, L. E., van Furth, E. F., Peat, C. M., & Bulik, C. M. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.05.28.20116301 · Cited by 304
“Reports from China suggest that those with psychiatric illnesses before COVID-19 experienced a worsening in depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms during the peak of the outbreak (Hao et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020; Zhou, Liu, Xue, Yang, & Tang, 2020).”
BackgroundWang, C., Chudzicka-Czupała, A. E., Grabowski, D., Pan, R., Adamus, K., Wan, X., Hetnał, M., Tan, Y., Olszewska-Guizzo, A., Xu, L., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.569981 · Cited by 322
“Outcomes This study used the National University of Singapore COVID-19 questionnaire, and its psychometric properties had been established during the COVID-19 outbreak (23) and pandemic (24).”
MethodSelf-citationRogowska, A. M., Kuśnierz, C., & Bokszczanin, A. (2020) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s266511 · Cited by 439
Forced Social Isolation and Mental Health: A Study on 1,006 Italians Under COVID-19 Lockdown
Pancani, L., Marinucci, M., Aureli, N., & Riva, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.663799 · Cited by 414
Related health factors of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain
Gómez-Salgado, J., Andrés-Villas, M., Domínguez-Salas, S., Díaz-Milanés, D., & Ruiz-Frutos, C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17113947 · Cited by 273
“Additionally, the presence of COVID-19 symptoms was associated with higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression [31].”
BackgroundWang, C., Wen, W., Zhang, H., Ni, J., Jiang, J., Cheng, Y., Zhou, M., Ye, L., Feng, Z., Ge, Z., et al. (2023) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2021.1960849 · Cited by 267
Self-citationKunzler, A. M., Röthke, N., Günthner, L., Stoffers-Winterling, J., Tüscher, O., Coenen, M., Rehfuess, E., Schwarzer, G., Binder, H., Schmucker, C., et al. (2021) · Globalization and Health · doi:10.1186/s12992-021-00670-y · Cited by 262
“General population - Mental disorder/or symptoms [44, 49, 51, 52, 58, 64, 69, 74, 78, 82, 83, 116, 132, 135](1)) - Worries about relatives or oneself [51, 57, 64, 66, 74, 75, 80, 89, 82, 83](1) [48](1,2) - Being female [49, 52, 63, 66, 69, 72, 74, 79, 82, 83, 93](1) [vs 1x being male] - Previous (chronic) medical dise…”
Background(2020) · doi:10.1017/s0033291720003414 · Cited by 261
“The direct relationship between greater knowledge of COVID-19 prevention methods and depressive symptoms may reflect the adverse effects of being too cognizant, and potentially more fearful, of possible exposure to the many risk factors for COVID-19 infection (Huang & Zhao, 2020; Wang et al., 2020).”
BackgroundThe COVID-19 Pandemic and changes in adult Brazilian lifestyles: a cross-sectional study, 2020.
Malta, D., Szwarcwald, C., Barros, M. B. D. A., Gomes, C., Machado, Í., de Souza, P. D., Romero, D., Lima, M., Damacena, G. N., Pina, M. D. F., et al. (2020) · Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde · doi:10.1590/s1679-49742020000400026 · Cited by 260
“Salgadinhos mais de 2 dias 9,5 (8,6;10,5) 13,2 (12,2;14,3)”
InfluentialConversano, C., Di Giuseppe, M., Miccoli, M., Ciacchini, R., Gemignani, A., & Orrù, G. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01900 · Cited by 259
Socioeconomic status and well-being during COVID-19: A resource-based examination.
Wanberg, C. R., Csillag, B., Douglass, R. P., Zhou, L., & Pollard, M. S. (2020) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000831 · Cited by 256
“In the case of COVID-19, there have been indications that higher satisfaction with knowledge about the virus is related to lower depression (Wang et al., 2020), perhaps because individuals feel efficacious about precautionary measures.”
BackgroundStress and coping during COVID-19 pandemic: Result of an online survey
Kar, N., Kar, B., & Kar, S. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113598 · Cited by 320
“5% respectively (Wang et al., 2020) in different populations.”
Epidemiology of mental health problems among patients with cancer during COVID-19 pandemic
Wang, Y.-Y., Duan, Z.-Z., Ma, Z.-K., Mao, Y.-Z., Li, X., Wilson, A., Qin, H.-Y., Ou, J., Peng, K., Zhou, F., et al. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-00950-y · Cited by 255
Depression and Anxiety During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in an Urban, Low‐Income Public University Sample
Rudenstine, S., McNeal, K., Schulder, T., Ettman, C. K., Hernandez, M., Gvozdieva, K., & Galea, S. (2021) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22600 · Cited by 251
“It is plausible that the high prevalence of moderate-to-severe depression and anxiety symptoms in our urban-dwelling, marginalized student sample represents a compounding of preexisting marginalization, such as previous financial and occupational insecurity, as well as the new stressors, mortality rates, and new socio…”
BackgroundInfluentialOzamiz-Etxebarria, N., Idoiaga Mondragon, N., Dosil Santamaría, M., & Picaza Gorrotxategi, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01491 · Cited by 246
Necho, M., Tsehay, M., Birkie, M., Biset, G., & Amsalu, E. T. (2021) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640211003121 · Cited by 297
The impact of COVID-19 on the lives and mental health of Australian adolescents
Li, S. H., Beames, J. R., Newby, J. M., Maston, K., Christensen, H., & Werner-Seidler, A. (2022) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-021-01790-x · Cited by 242
Carriedo, A., Estrada, J. A. C., Fernández‐Río, J., & Mendez‐Giménez, A. (2020) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2020.08.007 · Cited by 302
“2 studies on COVID-19 have revealed a prevalence of mental health disturbances in health professionals(12,13) and other populations.(14,15) In this regard, theory suggests that resilient individuals would be more likely to bounce back from negative experiences quicker and effectively.”
Breaux, R., Dvorsky, M. R., Marsh, N. P., Green, C. D., Cash, A. R., Shroff, D. M., Buchen, N., Langberg, J. M., & Becker, S. P. (2021) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13382 · Cited by 239
“, 2020) and that this increase may be short-lived, with reductions in psychological impact observed four weeks after the onset of COVID-19 in China (Wang et al., 2020).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCoping styles and mental health in response to societal changes during the COVID-19 pandemic
Gurvich, C., Thomas, N., Thomas, E. H., Hudaib, A.-R., Sood, L., Fabiatos, K., Sutton, K., Isaacs, A., Arunogiri, S., Sharp, G., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764020961790 · Cited by 238
“The DASS has been previously used in research related to infectious disease outbreaks, including SARS (McAlonan et al., 2007) and early studies in China in relation to COVID-19 (Wang et al., 2020a).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialTraumatic Stress in Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of the Immediate Impact
Benfante, A., Di Tella, M., Romeo, A., & Castelli, L. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.569935 · Cited by 237
Yan, L., Gan, Y., Ding, X., Wu, J., & Duan, H. (2021) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102328 · Cited by 236
“A recent online survey found that moderate-to-severe stress, anxiety, and depression were noted in 8.1 %, 28.8 %, and 16.5 %, respectively, of the general population (Wang et al., 2020c).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDzhambov, A. M., Lercher, P., Browning, M. H. E. M., Stoyanov, D., Petrova, N., Novakov, S. S., & Dimitrova, D. (2020) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110420 · Cited by 301
Castellini, G., Cassioli, E., Rossi, E., Innocenti, M., Gironi, V., Sanfilippo, G., Felciai, F., Monteleone, A. M., & Ricca, V. (2020) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23368 · Cited by 223
“More specifically, COVID-19 epidemic may have been experienced as a traumatic event, thus, resulting in an increase of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (Liu, Gayle, Wilder-Smith, & Rocklöv, 2020; Wang et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSymptoms in Health Care Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic. A Cross-Sectional Survey
Magnavita, N., Tripepi, G. L., & Prinzio, R. R. D. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17145218 · Cited by 234
“Although these studies mainly concern patients affected by the disease [11], some describe the situation of the general population [12].”
BackgroundNing, L., Niu, J., Bi, X., Yang, C., Liu, Z., Wu, Q., Ning, N., Liang, L., Aishu, L., Hao, Y., et al. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09892-y · Cited by 264
“Measuring the emotional responses of people in social isolation during the COVID-19 outbreak has started to attract attention from the research community [7].”
BackgroundBanna, M. H. A., Sayeed, A., Kundu, S., Christopher, E., Hasan, M. T., Begum, M. R., Kormoker, T., Dola, S. T. I., Hassan, M. M., Chowdhury, S., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Health Research · doi:10.1080/09603123.2020.1802409 · Cited by 261
“Previous studies have reported prevalence rates of depressive symptoms among the general population at 16.5% in China (Wang et al. 2020a, 2020b) and 11.4% in Japan (Ueda et al. 2020).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialWinkler, P., Formanek, T., Mlada, K., Kagstrom, A., Mohrova, Z., Mohr, P., & Csemy, L. (2020) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796020000888 · Cited by 223
Ochnik, D., Rogowska, A. M., Kuśnierz, C., Jakubiak, M., Schütz, A., Held, M. J., Arzenšek, A., Benatov, J., Berger, R., Korchagina, E. V., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-97697-3 · Cited by 220
Wang, C., Chudzicka-Czupała, A. E., Tee, M. L., Núñez, M. I. L., Tripp, C., Fardin, M. A., Habib, H. A., Tran, B. X., Adamus, K., Anlacan, J. P., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-85943-7 · Cited by 218
Self-citationShahnazi, H., Ahmadi-Livani, M., Pahlavanzadeh, B., Rajabi, A., Hamrah, M. S., & Charkazi, A. (2020) · Infectious Diseases of Poverty · doi:10.1186/s40249-020-00776-2 · Cited by 272
Saddik, B., Hussein, A., Sharif-Askari, F., Kheder, W., Temsah, M., Koutaich, R., Haddad, E., Al-Roub, N., Marhoon, F. A., Hamid, Q., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.2147/rmhp.s273333 · Cited by 214
Patsali, M., Mousa, D.-P. V., Papadopoulou, E., Papadopoulou, K., Kaparounaki, C. K., Diakogiannis, I., & Fountoulakis, K. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113298 · Cited by 213
Qualitative study of the psychological experience of COVID-19 patients during hospitalization
Sun, N., Wei, L., Wang, H., Wang, X., Gao, M., Hu, X., & Shi, S. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.040 · Cited by 260
Anxiety and Depression Among People Under the Nationwide Partial Lockdown in Vietnam
Le, H. T., Lai, A. J. X., Sun, J., Hoang, M. T., Vu, L. G., Pham, H. Q., Nguyen, T. H., Tran, B. X., Latkin, C. A., Le, X. T. T., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.589359 · Cited by 203
“The mean DASS-21 depression, anxiety, and stress scores were lower than those previously reported in other countries, such as China, Iran, and Italy (8–11) Confidence in doctor’s ability to diagnose or recognize, greater likelihood to survive COVID19, and satisfaction with health information were associated with lower…”
ResultSelf-citationGambin, M., Sękowski, M., Woźniak-Prus, M., Wnuk, A., Oleksy, T., Cudo, A., Hansen, K., Huflejt-Łukasik, M., Kubicka, K., Łyś, A. E., et al. (2021) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152222 · Cited by 202
Ausín, B., González‐Sanguino, C., Castellanos, M. Á., & Muñoz, M. (2020) · Journal of Gender Studies · doi:10.1080/09589236.2020.1799768 · Cited by 236
“…levels of stress and anxiety, insomnia and irritability and loneliness (Balluerka et al. 2020; Brooks, et al., 2020; Bu, Steptoe, & Fancourt, 2020; González-Sanguino et al., 2020; Ko et al. 2020; Li et al., 2020; Lima et al., 2020; Wang et al. 2020a; Romero et al. 2020; Shelef & Zalsman, 2020).”
BackgroundSchnell, T., & Krampe, H. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.582352 · Cited by 262
Rad, R. E., Mohseni, S., Takhti, H. K., Hassaniazad, M., Shahabi, N. A., Aghamolaei, T., & Norozian, F. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10500-w · Cited by 211
“According to the literature, governments need to find effective ways to disseminate unbiased information about COVID-19, train appropriate preventive strategies, ensure the availability of essential services and goods, and provide adequate financial support to overcome this crisis [1, 52].”
BackgroundMental health of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study
López‐Morales, H., del Valle, M. V., Juric, L. C., Andrés, M. L., Galli, J. I., Poó, F. M., & Urquijo, S. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113567 · Cited by 229
Hines, S. E., Chin, K. H., Glick, D. R., & Wickwire, E. M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18020488 · Cited by 243
“Our findings also echo the pattern observed in the Chinese general population, where psychiatric distress decreased significantly between the COVID-19 onset and peak number of cases one month later [28].”
ResultOgunleye, O. O., Basu, D., Mueller, D., Sneddon, J., Seaton, R. A., Yinka-Ogunleye, A. F., Wamboga, J., Miljković, N., Mwita, J. C., Rwegerera, G. M., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.01205 · Cited by 213
Chi, X., Liang, K., Chen, S., Huang, Q., Huang, L., Yu, Q., Jiao, C., Guo, T., Stubbs, B., Hossain, M. M., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.100218 · Cited by 295
Luijten, M. A. J., van Muilekom, M. M., Teela, L., Polderman, T. J. C., Terwee, C. B., Zijlmans, J., Klaufus, L. H., Popma, A., Oostrom, K. J., van Oers, H. A., et al. (2021) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-021-02861-x · Cited by 260
Psychological distress related to COVID-19 – The contribution of continuous traumatic stress
Lahav, Y. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.141 · Cited by 221
“Consistent with a previous study (Wang et al., 2020), the present results indicated that female participants had a higher degree of psychological distress related to COVID-19 than did male participants.”
InfluentialBarendse, M. E. A., Flannery, J., Cavanagh, C., Aristizabal, M., Becker, S. P., Berger, E. L., Breaux, R., Campione‐Barr, N., Church, J. A., Crone, E. A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12781 · Cited by 230
“…the pandemic included adolescents and adults from China and found no change in anxiety or depression symptoms from early February to March, when cases dramatically increased (although, only 19% of 1,738 participants had longitudinal data and no longitudinal analysis was done; Wang et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSelf-reported changes in anxiety, depression and suicidality during the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece
Fountoulakis, K., Apostolidou, M., Atsiova, M. B., Filippidou, A. K., Florou, A. K., Gousiou, D. S., Katsara, A. R., Mantzari, S. N., Padouva-Markoulaki, M., Papatriantafyllou, E. I., et al. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.061 · Cited by 190
Ferrando, S. J., Klepacz, L., Lynch, S. T., Tavakkoli, M., Dornbush, R. L., Baharani, R., Smolin, Y., & Bartell, A. S. (2020) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/j.psym.2020.05.012 · Cited by 218
Association Between Mood Disorders and Risk of COVID-19 Infection, Hospitalization, and Death
Ceban, F., Nogo, D., Carvalho, I. P., Lee, Y. L., Nasri, F., Xiong, J., Lui, L. M. W., Subramaniapillai, M., Gill, H., Liu, R. N., et al. (2021) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.1818 · Cited by 208
Self-citationKohls, E., Baldofski, S., Moeller, R., Klemm, S.-L., & Rummel‐Kluge, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.643957 · Cited by 241
“A longitudinal study showed that Chinese students between the ages of 12 and 21 reported stronger signs of psychological stress than other age groups (11).”
BackgroundImpact of COVID-19 outbreak on nurses’ mental health: A prospective cohort study
Sampaio, F., Sequeira, C., & Teixeira, L. (2020) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110620 · Cited by 220
Coping strategies and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown
Budimir, S., Probst, T., & Pieh, C. (2021) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2021.1875412 · Cited by 231
“Although the first lockdown measures were beneficial for physical health by stopping the spread of coronavirus, they had a damaging effect on mental health (Brooks et al., 2020; Huang & Zhao, 2020; Kazmi et al., 2020; Pieh et al., 2020b; Rossi et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020a).”
BackgroundInfluentialZhu, S., Wu, Y., Zhu, C.-Y., Hong, W.-C., Yu, Z.-X., Chen, Z.-K., Chen, Z.-L., Jiang, D.-G., & Wang, Y.-G. (2020) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.045 · Cited by 179
“Consistent with other reports (e.g., Li et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020), our results show a relative high prevalence of mental health problems in our sample.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., McIntyre, R. S., Choo, F. N., Tran, B., Ho, R., Sharma, V. K., & Ho, C.
- Affiliations
- Huaibei Normal University (CN)
- University Health Network (CA)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ho, Roger
- ORCID
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-07
- Volume
- 87
- Pages
- 40-48
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7153528
- OpenAlex
- W3016216556
- Cited by
- 2,571
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 103 · 2024: 176 · 2023: 347 · 2022: 611 · 2021: 845 · 2020: 455
- FWCI
- 225.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National University of Singapore (R-722-000-004-731)
- Huaibei Normal University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, mental health, psychological impact, anxiety, depression, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, general population, protective factors, perceived infection risk, precautionary measures, China
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, Internet-Based Intervention, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Child, China, Depression, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Masks, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Psychotherapy, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological, Health Behavior, Coronavirus Infections, Young Adult, Epidemics, Pandemics, Hand Hygiene
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