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Training-induced structural changes in the adult human brain
Abstract
Structural and functional brain reorganisation can occur beyond the developmental maturation period and this was recently recognised as an intrinsic property of the human central nervous system. Brain injury or altered afferent input due to environmental changes, novel experience and learning new skills are known as modulators of brain function and underlying neuroanatomic circuitry. During the past decade invasive animal studies and in vivo imaging techniques have delineated the correlates of experience dependent reorganisation. The major future challenge is to understand the behavioural consequences and cellular mechanisms underlying training-induced neuroanatomic plasticity in order to adapt treatment strategies for patients with brain injury or neurodegenerative disorders.
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“Neuroplasticity underlies skill acquisition and flexibility (Draganski and May, 2008) allowing the nervous system to reorganize connections in response to training, experience, and novel threats.”
From Enhancement of modern defense capabilities by convergence of cognitive neuroscience and artificial intelligence (2026) · cites this paper as Draganski and May, 2008
In the citing paper
“The greater GMV may reflect a neurotrophic/plasticity effect due to higher/more frequent activity in these areas in individuals with higher HS [32].”
From Structural and Functional Cerebral Correlates of Hypnotic Suggestibility (2014) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“Importantly, the latter system receives projections from the former (Draganski,B.,Kherif, F., Kloppel, S.,Cook, P. A.,Alexander,D.C., Parker et al., 2008;Schmidt, Lebreton, Clery-Melin, Daunizeau, & Pessiglioni, 2012;Yin, Ostlund, Balleine, 2008), which may interact with the motor system, including the primary motor cortex, via other direct and indirect pathways (Hosp, Pekanovic, Rioult-Pedotti, &”
From Optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning (2016) · cites this paper as Draganski et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Structural connections within brain regions concern gray and white matter and more localized projections and pathways that develop through practice and use (Dayan & Cohen, 2011;Draganski & May, 2008).”
From Optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning (2016) · cites this paper as Draganski & May, 2008
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Sensory mapping of lip representation in brass musicians with embouchure dystonia
Hirata, Y., Schulz, M., ALTENMÜLLER, E. O., Elbert, T. R., & Pantev, C. (2004) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200404090-00015 · Cited by 70
Bäumer, T., Demiralay, C., Hidding, U., Bikmullina, R., Helmich, R. C. G., Wunderlich, S., Rothwell, J. C., Liepert, J., Siebner, H. R., & Münchau, A. M. (2006) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.21219 · Cited by 67
Probabilistic approaches for atlasing normal and disease-specific brain variability
Toga, A. W., Thompson, P. M., Mega, M. S., Narr, K. L., & Blanton, R. E. (2001) · Anatomy and Embryology · doi:10.1007/s004290100198 · Cited by 62
Changing the Brain through Therapy for Musicians' Hand Dystonia
Candia, V., Rosset‐Llobet, J., Elbert, T. R., & Pascual‐Leone, Á. (2005) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1360.028 · Cited by 50
A Neural Network Model of Temporal Code Generation and Position-Invariant Pattern Recognition
Buonomano, D. V., & Merzenich, M. M. (1999) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/089976699300016836 · Cited by 47
Jin, M., Wang, X.-M., Tu, Y., Zhang, X., Gao, X., Guo, N., Xie, Z., Zhao, G., Jing, N., Li, B.-M., et al. (2005) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.10.044 · Cited by 28
Relation of white matter anisotropy to visual memory in 17 healthy subjects
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Hydén, H., & Lange, P. W. (1983) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.490090106 · Cited by 7
Waldvogel (1999) · doi:10.1002/1531-8249(199907)46:1
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 111 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Angular Gyrus: Multiple Functions and Multiple Subdivisions
Seghier, M. L. (2013) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858412440596 · Cited by 1,585
Socioeconomic status and the developing brain
Hackman, D. A., & Farah, M. J. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.11.003 · Cited by 1,681
Van Dam, N. T., van Vugt, M. K., Vago, D. R., Schmalzl, L., Saron, C. D., Olendzki, A., Meissner, T., Lazar, S. W., Kerr, C. E., Gorchov, J., et al. (2018) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691617709589 · Cited by 1,506
Neuroplasticity Subserving Motor Skill Learning
Dayan, E., & Cohen, L. G. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.10.008 · Cited by 1,408
Wulf, G., & Lewthwaite, R. (2016) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-015-0999-9 · Cited by 1,238
Metadata
- Authors
- Draganski, B., & May, A.
- Affiliations
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (GB)
- Universität Hamburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- May, A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Behavioural Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-09
- Volume
- 192
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 137-142
- ISSN
- 0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1983368104
- Cited by
- 437
- References
- 111
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 2.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- adult brain, motor skill learning, brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases
- MeSH terms
- Afferent Pathways, Animals, Brain, Brain Damage, Chronic, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Models, Neurological, Neuronal Plasticity, Physical Fitness, Recovery of Function, Physical Therapy Modalities
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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