Inhibition of Pro-inflammatory Markers in Primary Bone Marrow-Derived Mouse Macrophages by Naturally Occurring Flavonoids: Analysis of the Structure-Activity Relationship

Comalada, Mònica; Ballester, Isabel; Bailón, Elvira; Sierra, Saleta; Xaus, Jordi; Gálvez, Julio; Medina, Fermín Sánchez de; Zarzuelo, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2006.07.016

Cited by 440Flavonoids in Medical ResearchPhytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesSynthesis of Organic Compounds

Inhibition of Pro-inflammatory Markers in Primary Bone Marrow-Derived Mouse Macrophages by Naturally Occurring Flavonoids: Analysis of the Structure-Activity Relationship

Comalada, Mònica, Ballester, Isabel, Bailón, Elvira, Sierra, Saleta, Xaus, Jordi, Gálvez, Julio, Medina, Fermín Sánchez de, Zarzuelo, Antonio·2006·Biochemical Pharmacology

DOI 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.07.016

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Abstract

Flavonoids possess several biological/pharmacological activities including anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antioxidant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of flavonoids on macrophage physiology. For this purpose we selected some flavonoids belonging to the most common and abundant groups (flavonols--quercetin and kaempferol; flavones--diosmetin, apigenin, chrysin and luteolin; isoflavones--genistein and daidzein and flavanones--hesperetin). We decided to use primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) as cellular model, since they represent a homogenous, non-transformed population of macrophages that can be stimulated in vitro to proliferate by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) or activated by LPS. In this regard, we demonstrated that most of the flavonoids assayed reduce macrophage M-CSF-induced proliferation without affecting cellular viability. Moreover, some flavonoids also inhibit TNFalpha production as well as iNOS expression and NO production in LPS-activated macrophages, an effect that has been associated with the inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway. We also found that luteolin and quercetin are able to stimulate the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 at low concentrations (<50microM). Analysis of the structure-activity relationship showed that four hydroxylations at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4', together with the double bond at C(2)-C(3) and the position of the B ring at 2, seem to be necessary for the highest anti-inflammatory effect.

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Luteolin is a modulator of immune reactions with very efficient anti-inflammatory properties in peripheral macrophages compared to other flavonoids including quercetin.
“Luteolin seems to be a modulator of immune reactions for its very efficient anti-inflammatory properties in peripheral macrophages, compared to those of other flavonoids including its analogue quercetin (Comalada et al., 2006)”
From Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Phytochemicals in Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on Polyphenols and Monoterpenes (2022) · cites this paper as Comalada et al., 2006

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Anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids: Genistein, kaempferol, quercetin and daidzein inhibit STAT-1 and NF-kB activation whereas flavone, isorhamnetin, naringenin and pelargonidin inhibit only NF-kB activation along with their inhibitory effect on iNOS expression and NO production in activated macrophages
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Flavonoids: Genistein, Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Daidzein Inhibit STAT-1 and NF- κ B Activations, Whereas Flavone, Isorhamnetin, Naringenin, and Pelargonidin Inhibit only NF- κ B Activation along with Their Inhibitory Effect on iNOS Expression and NO Production in Activated Macrophages
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Polyphenols and immunity
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Authors: Comalada, M., Ballester, I., Bailón, E., Sierra, S., Xaus, J., Gálvez, J., Medina, F. S. D., & Zarzuelo, A.
Affiliations: Universidad de Granada (ES)
ORCID: Bailón, Elvira
Sierra, Saleta
Xaus, Jordi
Medina, Fermín Sánchez de
Venue: Biochemical Pharmacology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-10
Volume: 72
Issue: 8
Pages: 1010-1021
ISSN: 0006-2952 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.07.016
OpenAlex: W2141690002
Cited by: 440
References: 64
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 14.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Biochemical Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Flavonoids in Medical Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Synthesis of Organic Compounds
Keywords: flavonoids, macrophages, anti-inflammatory activity, structure-activity relationship, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, apigenin, chrysin, diosmetin, genistein, daidzein, hesperetin, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, lipopolysaccharide, TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, NF-κB signaling, IL-10, bone marrow-derived macrophages
MeSH terms: NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Cell Survival, Cells, Cultured, Flavonoids, Gene Expression Regulation, Macrophages, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Nitric Oxide, RNA, Messenger, Structure-Activity Relationship, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Interleukin-10, I-kappa B Proteins, Cell Proliferation, Mice, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II

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Inhibition of Pro-inflammatory Markers in Primary Bone Marrow-Derived Mouse Macrophages by Naturally Occurring Flavonoids: Analysis of the Structure-Activity Relationship

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