Decreased Spontaneous Attention to Social Scenes in 6-Month-Old Infants Later Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Open accessAbstract
Background The ability to spontaneously attend to the social overtures and activities of others is essential for the development of social cognition and communication. This ability is critically impaired in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders (ASD); however, it is not clear if prodromal symptoms in this area are already present in the first year of life of those affected by the disorder.Methods To examine whether 6-month-old infants later diagnosed with ASD exhibit atypical spontaneous social monitoring skills, visual responses of 67 infants at high-risk and 50 at low-risk for ASD were studied using an eye-tracking task. Based on their clinical presentation in the third year, infants were divided into those with ASD, those exhibiting atypical development, and those developing typically.Results Compared with the control groups, 6-month-old infants later diagnosed with ASD attended less to the social scene, and when they did look at the scene, they spent less time monitoring the actress in general and her face in particular. Limited attention to the actress and her activities was not accompanied by enhanced attention to objects.Conclusions Prodromal symptoms of ASD at 6 months include a diminished ability to attend spontaneously to people and their activities. A limited attentional bias toward people early in development is likely to have a detrimental impact on the specialization of social brain networks and the emergence of social interaction patterns. Further investigation into its underlying mechanisms and role in psychopathology of ASD in the first year is warranted.
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Chawarska and colleagues have observed reduced monitoring of social scenes at 6 months.
“Chawarska and colleagues [17, 18] have observed reduced monitoring of social scenes at 6 months.”
The number of children who met later criteria for ASD was comparable with recent studies of infants with later ASD.
“The number of children who met later criteria for ASD was comparable with recent studies of infants with later ASD [18, 21, 86].”
Studies that measure overall monitoring of a social stimulus over a longer period may be more sensitive to the accumulated effects of shorter individual attention epochs.
“In contrast, studies that measure overall monitoring of a social stimulus over a longer period [17, 18] may be more sensitive to the accumulated effects of shorter individual attention epochs.”
One recent eye-tracking study of 6-month-old infants found decreased proportional time spent watching an actress's face, but also less time looking at the screen in general.
“One recent eye-tracking study of 6-month old infants did find decreased proportional time spent watching an actress’s face, but also less time looking at the screen in general.”
From From early markers to neuro-developmental mechanisms of autism (2014) · cites this paper as Chawarska, Macari, & Shic, 2013
Because the study did not examine looking to stimuli with non-social content, the results could potentially reflect general difficulties with maintaining attention to the screen rather than decreased social attention.
“Since the study did not examine looking to stimuli with non-social content (Chawarska, Macari, & Shic, 2013), these results could potentially reflect general difficulties with maintaining attention to the screen rather than decreased social attention (see later on, when we discuss attentional control in Sib-A).”
From From early markers to neuro-developmental mechanisms of autism (2014) · cites this paper as Chawarska, Macari, & Shic, 2013
Reduced orientation to the eyes and faces in the context of presentation of complex social scenes has been reported in the first year.
“Reduced orientation to the eyes and faces in the context of presentation of complex social scenes has also been reported in the first year [6, 19].”
From Behavioral, cognitive, and adaptive development in infants with autism spectrum disorder in the first 2 years of life (2015) · cites this paper as [6]
Other behavioural signs in the first year of life include reduced gaze to people and vocal atypicalities.
“Other behavioural signs in the first year of life have included reduced gaze to people (Chawarska, Macari, & Shic, 2013) and vocal atypicalities (Paul, Fuerst, Ramsay, Chawarska, & Klin, 2010).”
From Behavioural markers for autism in infancy: Scores on the Autism Observational Scale for Infants in a prospective study of at-risk siblings (2015) · cites this paper as Chawarska, Macari, & Shic, 2013
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Chawarska, K., Macari, S., & Shic, F.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chawarska, Katarzyna
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-08
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 195-203
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3646074
- OpenAlex
- W2157183647
- Cited by
- 623
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 86 · 2019: 75 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 18
- FWCI
- 22.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R03MH092618, R01MH087554, R03MH086732)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01HD003008)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, prodromal symptoms, infant gaze behavior, face attention, atypical development, high-risk infants, social brain network
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Developmental Disabilities, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Face, Female, Fixation, Ocular, Humans, Infant, Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Social Behavior, Social Perception, Time Factors, Disease Progression
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