A Prospective Study of Response to Name in Infants at Risk for Autism
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of decreased response to name at age 12 months as a screen for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and other developmental delays. DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal design studying infants at risk for ASD. SETTING: Research laboratory at university medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Infants at risk for autism (55 six-month-olds, 101 twelve-month-olds) and a control group at no known risk (43 six-month-olds, 46 twelve-month-olds). To date, 46 at-risk infants and 25 control infants have been followed up to 24 months. Intervention Experimental task eliciting response-to-name behavior. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Mullen Scales of Early Learning. RESULTS: At age 6 months, there was a nonsignificant trend for control infants to require a fewer number of calls to respond to name than infants at risk for autism. At age 12 months, 100% of infants in the control group "passed," responding on the first or second name call, while 86% in the at-risk group did. Three fourths of children who failed the task were identified with developmental problems at age 24 months. Specificity of failing to respond to name was 0.89 for ASD and 0.94 for any developmental delay. Sensitivity was 0.50 for ASD and 0.39 for any developmental delay. CONCLUSIONS: Failure to respond to name by age 12 months is highly suggestive of developmental abnormality but does not identify all children at risk for developmental problems. Lack of responding to name is not universal among infants later diagnosed with ASD and/or other developmental delays. Poor response to name may be a trait of the broader autism phenotype in infancy.
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Previous studies have used the strategy of contrasting ASD with no ASD outcome collapsed across risk group.
“Several previous studies have also used the strategy of contrasting ASD with no ASD outcome collapsed across risk group [11, 67–72].”
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- Authors
- Nadig, A. S., Ozonoff, S., Young, G. S., Rozga, A., Sigman, M., & Rogers, S. J.
- Affiliations
- University of California Davis Medical Center (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Venue
- Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2007-04-01
- Volume
- 161
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 378
- ISSN
- 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2144523966
- Cited by
- 253
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 7.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of California, Los Angeles
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH068398, MH068398)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay screening, autism screening, sensitivity and specificity, high-risk infants, broader autism phenotype
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Developmental Disabilities, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity
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