The nature of brain dysfunction in autism: Functional brain imaging studies
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have had a profound impact on the delineation of the neurobiologic basis for autism. Advances in fMRI technology for investigating functional connectivity, resting state connectivity, and a default mode network have provided further detail about disturbances in brain organization and brain-behavior relationships in autism to be reviewed in this article. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent fMRI studies have provided evidence of enhanced activation and connectivity of posterior, or parietal-occipital, networks and enhanced reliance on visuospatial abilities for visual and verbal reasoning in high functioning individuals with autism. Evidence also indicates altered activation in frontostriatal networks for cognitive control, particularly involving anterior cingulate cortex, and altered connectivity in the resting state and the default mode network. The findings suggest that the specialization of many cortical networks of the human brain has failed to develop fully in high functioning individuals with autism. SUMMARY: This research provides a growing specification of to the neurobiologic basis for this complex syndrome and for the co-occurrence of the signs and symptoms as a syndrome. With this knowledge has come new neurobiologically based opportunities for intervention.
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The idea of ectopic FC is consistent with the task-based literature, which has shown that participants with ASD exhibit inappropriate patterns of task-activation in sensory, motor, and heteromodal association areas not recruited by the specific tasks examined in neurotypical populations.
“The idea of ectopic FC is consistent with the task-based literature, which has shown that participants with ASD exhibit inappropriate patterns of task-activation in sensory (e.g., occipital cortex), motor (e.g., supplemental motor cortex) and heteromodal association areas (e.g., ventromedial prefrontal cortex) not recruited by the specific tasks examined in neurotypical populations (11;32).”
From Aberrant Striatal Functional Connectivity in Children with Autism (2011) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Minshew, N. J., & Keller, T. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Minshew, Nancy J
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Neurology
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 124-130
- ISSN
- 1350-7540 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2975255
- OpenAlex
- W2092948036
- Cited by
- 291
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 1.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50HD055748, HD 055748)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, brain dysfunction, functional connectivity, resting-state functional connectivity, default mode network, visuospatial ability, fronto-striatal network, anterior cingulate cortex, cognitive control, cortical specialization
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Brain, Child, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neural Pathways
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