Vascular smooth muscle cell senescence in atherosclerosis
Abstract
Markers of cell senescence have been identified in both the blood and vessel wall of patients with atherosclerosis. In particular, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) derived from human plaques show numerous features of senescence both in culture and in vivo. This review summarises the evidence for VSMC senescence in atherosclerosis, and outlines the mechanisms and triggers leading to their senescence.
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Senescent endothelial and smooth muscle cells have been implicated in the genesis or promotion of age-related cardiovascular disease.
“In addition, senescent endothelial and smooth muscle cells have been implicated in the genesis or promotion of age-related cardiovascular disease (126, 127).”
From Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Cancer (2013) · cites this paper as [127]
Unstable mature plaques show low VSMC proliferation and clear evidence of VSMC senescence.
“Unstable mature plaques show low VSMC proliferation and clear evidence of VSMC senescence 191 .”
From Vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis (2019) · cites this paper as [191]
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Senescence and its bypass in the vascular endothelium
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Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Cancer
Campisi, J. (2013) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183653 · Cited by 2,954 · see citing works
“In addition, senescent endothelial and smooth muscle cells have been implicated in the genesis or promotion of age-related cardiovascular disease (126, 127).”
BackgroundSenescent intimal foam cells are deleterious at all stages of atherosclerosis
Childs, B. G., Baker, D. J., Wijshake, T., Conover, C. A., Campisi, J., & van Deursen, J. M. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf6659 · Cited by 1,195 · see citing works
Vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis
Basatemur, G. L., Jørgensen, H. F., Clarke, M. C. H., Bennett, M. R., & Mallat, Z. (2019) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-019-0227-9 · Cited by 1,099 · see citing works
Self-citationLeucocyte telomere length and risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis
Haycock, P. C., Heydon, E. E., Kaptoge, S., Butterworth, A. S., Thompson, A., & Willeit, P. (2014) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g4227 · Cited by 856 · see citing works
Vascular smooth muscle cell death, autophagy and senescence in atherosclerosis
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Self-citationRecapitulation of premature ageing with iPSCs from Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome
Liu, G.-H., Barkho, B. Z., Ruiz, S., Diep, D., Qu, J., Yang, S.-L., Panopoulos, A. D., Suzuki, K., Kurian, L., Walsh, C., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09879 · Cited by 575 · see citing works
Oxidative stress and vascular inflammation in aging
Assar, M. E., Angulo, J., & Rodríguez‐Mañas, L. (2013) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.003 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Cellular senescence: a link between cancer and age-related degenerative disease?
Campisi, J., Andersen, J. K., Kapahi, P., & Melov, S. (2011) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2011.09.001 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
“The proinflammatory SASP of senescent endothelial cells has also been proposed to contribute to cardiovascular disease by initiating and fueling the development of atherosclerotic lesions [35, 58].”
BackgroundGardner, S. E., Humphry, M., Bennett, M. R., & Clarke, M. C. H. (2015) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.115.305896 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
“However, unstable mature plaques show low levels of VSMC proliferation and clear evidence of VSMC senescence.(6) Similarly, restenotic neointimas also contain senescent VSMCs.”
BackgroundSelf-citationGrootaert, M. O., da Costa Martins, P. A., Bitsch, N., Pintelon, I., De Meyer, G. R., Martinet, W., & Schrijvers, D. M. (2015) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2015.1096485 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
“Different research groups have shown that VSMC senescence is present in atherosclerotic plaques and contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.(21,32,53,54) Our observations confirm once more the dual role of VSMCs in atherosclerosis.”
BackgroundImpact of cellular senescence signature on ageing research
Sikora, E., Arendt, T., Bennett, M., & Narita, M. (2011) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2010.10.002 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Self-citationVascular Cell Senescence Contributes to Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown
Yamazaki, Y., Baker, D. J., Tachibana, M., Liu, C.-C., van Deursen, J. M., Brott, T. G., Bu, G., & Kanekiyo, T. (2016) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.115.010835 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Sirtuins, Cell Senescence, and Vascular Aging
Kida, Y., & Goligorsky, M. S. (2015) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2015.11.022 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Senescent cells: SASPected drivers of age-related pathologies
Ovadya, Y., & Krizhanovsky, V. (2014) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-014-9529-9 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
DNA Damage Links Mitochondrial Dysfunction to Atherosclerosis and the Metabolic Syndrome
Mercer, J. R., Cheng, K., Figg, N. L., Gorenne, I., Mahmoudi, M., Griffin, J. L., Vidal‐Puig, A., Logan, A., Murphy, M. P., & Bennett, M. R. (2010) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.110.218966 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citationSignaling pathways involved in vascular smooth muscle cell calcification during hyperphosphatemia
Voelkl, J. G. J., Lang, F. J. W., Eckardt, K., Amann, K., Kuro‐o, M., Pasch, A., Pieske, B. M., & Alesutan, I. (2019) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-019-03054-z · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Li, X., Chen, M., Chen, X., He, X., Li, X., Wei, H., Tan, Y., Min, J., Azam, T., Xue, M., et al. (2024) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae379 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Telomeres and Telomerase in Cardiovascular Diseases
Yeh, J., & Wang, C. (2016) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes7090058 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
“The senescent VSMCs in atherosclerotic plaque also exhibit limited capacity of proliferation with increased activity of matrix-degrading enzymes as well as promote the thinning of fibrous caps and plaque rupture, which may lead to subsequent thrombosis, MI, or stroke [30].”
BackgroundGeneration of a p16 Reporter Mouse and Its Use to Characterize and Target p16high Cells In Vivo
Omori, S., Wang, T.-W., Johmura, Y., Kanai, T., Nakano, Y., Kido, T., Susaki, E. A., Nakajima, T., Shichino, S., Ueha, S., et al. (2020) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2020.09.006 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Telomere biology and age-related diseases
Herrmann, M., Pusceddu, I., März, W., & Herrmann, W. (2018) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2017-0870 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Nucleotide Excision DNA Repair Is Associated With Age-Related Vascular Dysfunction
Durik, M., Kavousi, M., van der Pluijm, I., Isaacs, A. J., Cheng, C., Verdonk, K., Loot, A. E., Oeseburg, H., Bhaggoe, U. M., Leijten, F. P. J., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.112.104380 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Herbert, K. E., Mistry, Y., Hastings, R., Poolman, T. M., Niklason, L. E., & Williams, B. (2007) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.107.158626 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Senescence as a therapeutic target in cancer and age-related diseases
McHugh, D., Durán, I., & Gil, J. (2024) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-024-01074-4 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
“…ageing but are also present in fibrotic 12,62 and many other diseased tissues and in diseases as diverse as type 2 diabetes 63 , atherosclerosis 64,65 , non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 66 , Alzheimer disease, retinopathy 67 , idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) 62 or osteoarthritis 68,69…”
Cellular Senescence in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review
Hu, C., Zhang, X., Teng, T., Ma, Z., & Tang, Q. (2022) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2021.0927 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
“Specifically, the occurrence of VSMCs senescence in atherosclerosis has been reviewed previously (as reviewed in Ref [70,72]).”
New insight into dyslipidemia‐induced cellular senescence in atherosclerosis
Xiang, Q., Tian, F., Xu, J. R., Du, X., Zhang, S., & Liu, L. (2022) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.12866 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Mitochondria in vascular disease
Yu, E., Mercer, J. R., & Bennett, M. R. (2012) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvs111 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
“Importantly, the senescence of VSMCs could potentially contribute to inefficient plaque repair, with resulting plaque instability.(99)”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe multifaceted role of the SASP in atherosclerosis: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities
Sun, Y., Wang, X., Liu, T., Zhu, X., & Pan, X. (2022) · Cell & Bioscience · doi:10.1186/s13578-022-00815-5 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Extracellular matrix alterations in senescent cells and their significance in tissue homeostasis
Mavrogonatou, E., Pratsinis, H., Papadopoulou, A., Karamanos, N. K., & Kletsas, D. (2019) · Matrix Biology · doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2017.10.004 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Bielak-Zmijewska, A., Wnuk, M., Przybylska, D., Grabowska, W., Lewinska, A., Alster, O., Korwek, Z., Cmoch, A., Myszka, A., Pikula, S., et al. (2014) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-013-9477-9 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
“…e-mail: g.mosieniak@nencki.gov.pl E. Sikora e-mail: e.sikora@nencki.gov.pl M. Wnuk A. Myszka Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland e-mail: mawnuk@gmail.com A. Myszka e-mail: amyszka@o2.pl Keywords Senescence VSMCs Doxorubicin Aging Cardiovascular diseases Calcification”
BackgroundThe Role of Curcumin in the Modulation of Ageing
Bielak-Żmijewska, A., Grabowska, W., Ciolko, A., Bojko, A., Mosieniak, G., Bijoch, Ł., & Sikora, E. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20051239 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Bentzon, J. F., Søndergaard, C. S., Kassem, M. S., & Falk, E. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.722355 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Cellular senescence links aging and diabetes in cardiovascular disease
Shakeri, H., Lemmens, K., Gevaert, A. B., De Meyer, G. R. Y., & Segers, V. F. M. (2018) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00287.2018 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
“VSMCs in atherosclerotic plaques show signs of cellular senescence, such as increased SA- -Gal activity, upregulation of cell cycle regulators (p16 and p21), decreased telomerase activity, and telomere shortening (63, 121, 129).”
BackgroundMitochondrial DNA damage and atherosclerosis
Yu, E. P. K., & Bennett, M. R. (2014) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2014.06.008 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationVascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Isolation, Culture, and Characterization
Metz, R. P., Patterson, J. L., & Wilson, E. (2011) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-523-7_16 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Senescent Cells: A Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Diseases
Suda, M., Paul, K. H., Minamino, T., Miller, J. D., Lerman, A., Ellison, G. M., Tchkonia, T., & Kirkland, J. L. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12091296 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“Accumulation of senescent VSMCs in atherosclerotic plaques is evidenced by reduced proliferation [114], larger and flatter cell morphology [115], increased expression of p16 INK4a and p21 CIP1/WAF1 [116], and shortened or dysfunctional telomeres [116].”
BackgroundZhang, Y., Xie, B., Sun, L., Chen, W., Jiang, S., Liu, W., Bian, F., Tian, H., & Li, R. (2016) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.12825 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Metabolic syndrome, diabetes and atherosclerosis: Influence of gene–environment interaction
Andreassi, M. G. (2008) · Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2008.10.018 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
The Impact of Uremic Toxins on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Function
Hénaut, L., Mary, A., Chillon, J., Kamel, S., & Massy, Z. A. (2018) · Toxins · doi:10.3390/toxins10060218 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“They have short telomeres, accumulate prelamin A, and contain elevated levels of senescence-associated markers (including senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SAβG) and cell cycle regulators (such as p16, p21, p53, and pRb) [119].”
BackgroundThe TGF-β1/p53/PAI-1 Signaling Axis in Vascular Senescence: Role of Caveolin-1
Samarakoon, R., Higgins, S. P., Higgins, C. E., & Higgins, P. J. (2019) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom9080341 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“, G1 stalling or arrest, reduced S phase cohort) and shortened life span [15].”
BackgroundTelomeres and Age-Related Diseases
Gruber, H., Semeraro, M. D., Renner, W., & Herrmann, M. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9101335 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“Senescent VSMCs harbor a limited proliferative capacity and an increased amount of matrix-degrading enzymes, which stimulate the thinning of fibrous caps and plaque rupture [111].”
BackgroundCellular senescence of renal tubular epithelial cells in acute kidney injury
Chen, J., Zhang, H., Yi, X., Dou, Q., Yang, X., Chen, J., Chen, J., & Chen, K. (2024) · Cell Death Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41420-024-01831-9 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
“Senescent smooth muscle cells, for instance, secrete IL-6 and IL-8, which in turn promote the proliferation and migration of adjacent smooth muscle cells, ultimately leading to pulmonary arterial hypertension [65].”
BackgroundSignaling mechanisms of angiotensin II in regulating vascular senescence
Min, L., Mogi, M., Iwai, M., & Horiuchi, M. (2009) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2008.12.002 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Wong, L. S. M., Oeseburg, H., de Boer, R. A., van Gilst, W. H., van Veldhuisen, D. J., & van der Harst, P. (2008) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvn337 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Thompson, A. M., Wagner, R. J., & Rzucidlo, E. M. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00871.2013 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Cellular Senescence in Ageing, Age-Related Disease and Longevity
Sikora, E., Bielak-Żmijewska, A., & Mosieniak, G. (2013) · Current Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570161111666131219094045 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Xiong, Y., Yu, Y., Montani, J., Yang, Z., & Ming, X. (2013) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.113.000096 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“Senescence is characterized by the irreversible loss of the proliferative capability of the cells, which show typical morphological features such as large flattened shape accompanied by an increase in several senescent markers including enhanced senescence-associated b-galactosidase (SA-b-gal) activity, activation of…”
BackgroundBłasiak, J., Piechota, M. J., Pawłowska, E., Szatkowska, M., Sikora, E., & Kaarniranta, K. (2017) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2017/5293258 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
“Senescence of human fibroblasts, described for the first time by Hayflick and Moorehead [10, 11] as a cell division limit in culture, affects not only fibroblasts but also other proliferating somatic human cells, such as keratinocytes and melanocytes [12], lymphocytes [13], epithelial [14] and endothelial [15] cells,…”
Epigenetic regulation of COL15A1 in smooth muscle cell replicative aging and atherosclerosis.
Connelly, J., Cherepanova, O., Doss, J., Karaoli, T., Lillard, T. S., Markunas, C. A., Nelson, S. C., Wang, T.-Y., Ellis, P., Langford, C., et al. (2013) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddt365 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“The pre-senescent state can be achieved through multiple rounds of SMC replication in vitro (6) and comparison of early and late replicated cells has served as a model of SMC replicative aging (6,9,10).”
BackgroundVascular aging: Molecular mechanisms and potential treatments for vascular rejuvenation
Mistriotis, P., & Andreadis, S. T. (2017) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2017.05.006 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
DNA damage, vascular senescence and atherosclerosis
Andreassi, M. G. (2008) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-008-0358-7 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
SIRT1 markedly extends replicative lifespan if the NAD+ salvage pathway is enhanced
Ho, C., van der Veer, E., Akawi, O., & Pickering, J. G. (2009) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2009.08.031 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“Senescent SMCs can destabilize the artery wall because they are proinflammatory and lose their capacity to proliferate [28].”
BackgroundCellular senescence links mitochondria-ER contacts and aging
Ziegler, D. V., Martin, N., & Bernard, D. (2021) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02840-5 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Is DNA damage indispensable for stress-induced senescence?
Bielak-Żmijewska, A., Mosieniak, G., & Sikora, E. (2017) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2017.08.004 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Khavinson, V., Linkova, N. S., Dyatlova, A., Кантемирова, Р. К., & Kozlov, K. L. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12010106 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Targeting senescent cells to attenuate cardiovascular disease progression
Song, P., Zhao, Q., & Zou, M. (2020) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101072 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“In human arteries, prelamin A does not accumulate in young and healthy vessels but is prevalent in medial VSMCs from aged individuals or in atherosclerotic lesions, where it often colocalizes with senescent and degenerative VSMCs. Knockdown of FACE1 recapitulates the prelamin A-induced defects of nuclear morphology in…”
BackgroundInfluentialCellular senescence in age-related disorders
Kaur, J., & Farr, J. N. (2020) · Translational research · doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2020.06.007 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“Cellular senescence was hypothesized years ago to have causal roles in mediating cardiovascular disease(65) as senescent cells were known to accumulate in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells with atherosclerosis.(66,67) Nevertheless, whether and how senescent cells directly contribute to the development of ca…”
Cellular senescence: a hitchhiker’s guide
Aravinthan, A. D. (2015) · Human Cell · doi:10.1007/s13577-015-0110-x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“Senescence & chronic diseases Cellular senescence of multiple cell types has been described in a range of chronic diseases of organs such as brain, lungs, liver, kidneys, muscles, heart and skin [181-186].”
BackgroundDocherty, C. K., Carswell, A., Friel, E. C., & Mercer, J. R. (2017) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.11.009 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Grabowska, W., Staniak, K., Wnuk, M., Lewińska, A., Suszek, M., Przybylska, D., Mosieniak, G., Sikora, E., & Bielak-Żmijewska, A. (2015) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-014-9744-y · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“The senescence of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells accompanies both atherosclerosis and hypertension (Gorenne et al. 2006; Minamino et al. 2002; Westhoff et al. 2008).”
BackgroundNeuregulin-1 attenuates stress-induced vascular senescence
Shakeri, H., Gevaert, A. B., Schrijvers, D. M., Meyer, G. R. Y. D., Keulenaer, G. W. D., Guns, P., Lemmens, K., & Segers, V. F. M. (2018) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvy059 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
DNA methylation processes in atherosclerotic plaque
Aavik, E., Babu, M., & Ylä‐Herttuala, S. (2018) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.12.006 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Martínez‐Hervás, S., Vinué, Á., Núñez, L., Andrés‐Blasco, I., Piqueras, L., Real, J. T., Ascaso, J. F., Burks, D. J., Sanz, M., & Navarro, H. G. (2014) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvu115 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Bahrami, A., Bo, S., Jamialahmadi, T., & Sahebkar, A. (2020) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101024 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Vascular senescence and aging: mechanisms, clinical implications, and therapeutic prospects
Picos, A., Seoane, N., Campos‐Toimil, M., & Viña, D. (2025) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-025-10256-5 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Cell Senescence, Multiple Organelle Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis
Machado-Oliveira, G., Ramos, C., Marques, A. R. A., & Vieira, O. V. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9102146 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“VSMCs derived from human atherosclerotic plaques exhibit a lower level of proliferation [71], higher p16 and p21 expression levels and a larger and flattened morphology in comparison to cells from healthy arterial media [72].”
BackgroundAdvance of studies on anti-atherosclerosis mechanism of berberine
Wu, M., Wang, J., & Liu, L. (2010) · Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11655-010-0188-7 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Immunosenescence in atherosclerosis: A role for chronic viral infections
Talepoor, A. G., & Doroudchi, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.945016 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Fight to the bitter end: DNA repair and aging
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Signalling pathways and vascular calcification
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“Senescent VSMCs are associated with oxidative DNA damage, impaired DNA repair, and telomere shortening (74, 75).”
BackgroundLin, C., Tang, X., Zhu, Z., Liao, X., Zhao, R., Fu, W., Chen, B., Jiang, J., Qian, R., & Guo, D. (2014) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-13-14 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“It was observed that human plaque–derived VSMCs illustrated numerous features of senescence [21]: (1) restricted proliferative capacity, (2) high senescenceassociated β-galactosidase (SAβG) activity even at early stages of culture, (3) significantly reduced percentage of S phase cells and increased percentage of cells…”
BackgroundTargeting normal and cancer senescent cells as a strategy of senotherapy
Sikora, E., Bielak-Żmijewska, A., & Mosieniak, G. (2019) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2019.100941 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Neuregulin-1, a potential therapeutic target for cardiac repair
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“Oxidative stress and hyperglycemia are the two main factors that contribute to SIPS (Gorenne et al., 2006; Minamino and Komuro, 2007; Sikora et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialHistone deacetylases and atherosclerosis
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“It has been hypothesized that VSMC senescence promotes the thinning of fibrous caps and the instability of atherosclerotic plaques (16).”
BackgroundSenescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype as a Hinge Between Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancer
Banerjee, P., Kotla, S., Velatooru, L. R., Abe, R. J., Olmsted‐Davis, E. A., Cooke, J. P., Schadler, K., Deswal, A. M., Herrmann, J., Lin, S. H., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.763930 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
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“Not only is cellular senescence associated with atherosclerosis, there is growing evidence that cellular senescence may promote atherosclerosis (32-34).”
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“Accumulation of senescent VSMCs within the area of plaque formation promotes its instability due to lack of proliferation and impaired production of extracellular matrix, both leading to the weak-ening of the fibrous cap [4].”
Slowing Down Ageing: The Role of Nutrients and Microbiota in Modulation of the Epigenome
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NOX4 downregulation leads to senescence of human vascular smooth muscle cells
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“Moreover, growth arrested VSMCs significantly restrict the repair capacity of the plaque, which contributes to high risk of myocardial infarction and stroke [32, 33, 34].”
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“…keratinocytes (Dimri et al., 1995), cornea epithelium (Mimura and Joyce, 2006), ischemic heart (Minamino et al., 2002), arteriosclerotic plaques (Gorenne et al., 2006), articular chondrocytes (Martin and Buckwalter, 2001), and in liver cirrhosis – the end stage of chronic liver disease (Wiemann…”
BackgroundInfluentialDPP4 inhibition impairs senohemostasis to improve plaque stability in atherosclerotic mice
Herman, A. B., Tsitsipatis, D., Anerillas, C., Mazan-Mamczarz, K., Carr, A. E., Gregg, J. M., Wang, M., Zhang, J., Michel, M., Henry-Smith, C. A., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci165933 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Given that DPP4 levels and activity increase with hVSMC senescence, we asked whether DPP4 is elevated in atherosclerosis, a disease in which senescent VSMCs have been implicated (24).”
Molecular mechanisms and cardiovascular implications of cancer therapy-induced senescence
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“The clinical implications of this molecular cascade could be foreseen, as the HES1/SIRT1/P21 axis is central to VSMC senescence, a factor in atherosclerotic progression and plaque instability 32 .”
HDL slowing down endothelial progenitor cells senescence: A novel anti-atherogenic property of HDL
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Anthracycline chemotherapy‐mediated vascular dysfunction as a model of accelerated vascular aging
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“It should be noted that cultured SMC do not necessarily behave in a manner similar to SMC in atherosclerotic lesions and also divergent SMC subtypes within atherosclerotic plaques have been described.(34,35) Thus, further mechanistic studies may address the functional interaction of FXa effects and the S1P pathway in…”
ResultThe Senolytic Drug JQ1 Removes Senescent Cells via Ferroptosis
Go, S., Kang, M., Kwon, S. P., Jung, M., Jeon, O. H., & Kim, B. (2021) · Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13770-021-00346-z · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Cellular senescence is one of the hallmarks of aging [15], and the accumulation of senescent cells in tissues is affected in many age-related degenerative diseases, including tumors, arthritis [16], Alzheimer’s disease [17], diabetes [18], heart diseases [19, 20], atherosclerosis [21], and various other conditions [22…”
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“Further studies will be required to assess how early modification in the plaques of mice exposed to (137)Cs may alter lesion composition at later time points, with special consideration for smooth muscle cell content (since VSMCs are the main cell type responsible for collagen synthesis in the plaque [8]) and inflamma…”
BackgroundPharmacological aspects of fisetin
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“in the development of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention as well as in the pathogenesis of hypertension and the progression of atherosclerosis).([1,2]) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in many pathophysiological processes of VSMCs, such as growth, migration, contraction and differentiation.”
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“Short telomeres have been implicated in vascular senescence and atherosclerosis [111].”
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“This cell type is directly involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular problems [15].”
- Authors
- GORENNE, I., KAVURMA, M., SCOTT, S., & BENNETT, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- BENNETT, M
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cardiovascular Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-10-01
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9-17
- ISSN
- 0008-6363 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2155554546
- Cited by
- 196
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 0.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cardiovascular Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- vascular smooth muscle cells, cellular senescence, atherosclerosis, atherosclerotic plaque, senescence markers, senescence mechanisms, plaque macrophages
- MeSH terms
- beta-Galactosidase, Cell Cycle, Humans, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular, Telomere, Cellular Senescence, Cell Proliferation, Atherosclerosis
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