Lessons From Sudden Coronary Death: A Comprehensive Morphological Classification Scheme for Atherosclerotic Lesions

Virmani, Renu; Kolodgie, Frank D.; Burke, Allen P.; Farb, Andrew; Schwartz, Stephen M.

doi:10.1161/01.atv.20.5.1262

Cited by 4,084Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmiasAcute Myocardial Infarction ResearchHealthcare Systems and Public Health

Lessons From Sudden Coronary Death: A Comprehensive Morphological Classification Scheme for Atherosclerotic Lesions

Virmani, Renu, Kolodgie, Frank D., Burke, Allen P., Farb, Andrew, Schwartz, Stephen M.·2000·Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology

DOI 10.1161/01.atv.20.5.1262

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1161/01.atv.20.5.1262

Cites

73 of 73 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Based on careful observations of plaque composition from human autopsy and animal models, VSMCs are major contributors to plaque development at all stages.
“Studies of plaque histology from human autopsy tissues have culminated in a scheme for classification of plaques that encapsulates the progression of atherosclerosis 88,89 and, based on careful observations of plaque composition from human autopsy and animal models, it is clear that VSMCs are major contributors to plaque development at all stages (summarised in FIG. 1).”
From Vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis (2019) · cites this paper as [88]
Studies of plaque histology from human autopsy tissues have culminated in a scheme for classification of plaques that encapsulates the progression of atherosclerosis.
“Studies of plaque histology from human autopsy tissues have culminated in a scheme for classification of plaques that encapsulates the progression of atherosclerosis 88,89 and, based on careful observations of plaque composition from human autopsy and animal models, it is clear that VSMCs are major contributors to plaque development at all stages (summarised in FIG. 1).”
From Vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis (2019) · cites this paper as [88]

Atherosclerosis--an inflammatory disease
Ross, R. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199901143400207 · Cited by 21,725 · see citing works
Compensatory Enlargement of Human Atherosclerotic Coronary Arteries
Glagov, S., Weisenberg, E. S., Zarins, C. K., Stankunavicius, R., & Kolettis, G. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198705283162204 · Cited by 3,614 · see citing works
Coronary Plaque Disruption
Falk, E., Shah, P. K., & Fuster, V. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.92.3.657 · Cited by 3,536 · see citing works
A Definition of Advanced Types of Atherosclerotic Lesions and a Histological Classification of Atherosclerosis
Stary, H. C., Chandler, A. B., Dinsmore, R. E., Fuster, V., Glagov, S. K., Insull, W., Rosenfeld, M. E., Schwartz, C. J., Wagner, W. D., & Wissler, R. W. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.92.5.1355 · Cited by 3,506 · see citing works
Picrosirius staining plus polarization microscopy, a specific method for collagen detection in tissue sections
Junqueira, L. C. U., Bignolas, G., & Brentani, H. (1979) · The Histochemical Journal · doi:10.1007/bf01002772 · Cited by 2,570 · see citing works
Plaque fissuring--the cause of acute myocardial infarction, sudden ischaemic death, and crescendo angina.
Davies, M. J., & Thomas, A. C. (1985) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.53.4.363 · Cited by 1,985 · see citing works
Site of intimal rupture or erosion of thrombosed coronary atherosclerotic plaques is characterized by an inflammatory process irrespective of the dominant plaque morphology.
van der Wal, A. C., Becker, A. E., van der Loos, C. M., & Das, P. K. (1994) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.89.1.36 · Cited by 1,906 · see citing works
Coronary Risk Factors and Plaque Morphology in Men with Coronary Disease Who Died Suddenly
BURKE, A. P., Farb, A. A., Malcom, G. T., Liang, Y.-H., Smialek, J. E., & Virmani, R. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199705013361802 · Cited by 1,739 · see citing works
Self-citation
Coronary Plaque Erosion Without Rupture Into a Lipid Core
Farb, A. A., BURKE, A. P., Tang, A. L., Liang, Y.-H., Mannan, P., Smialek, J. E., & Virmani, R. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.93.7.1354 · Cited by 1,274 · see citing works
Self-citation
Localization of tissue factor in the normal vessel wall and in the atherosclerotic plaque.
Wilcox, J. N., Smith, K. M., Schwartz, S. M., & Gordon, D. (1989) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.86.8.2839 · Cited by 1,214 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Intima: Soil for Atherosclerosis and Restenosis
Schwartz, S., Deblois, D., & O'Brien, E. (1995) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.77.3.445 · Cited by 1,080 · see citing works
Self-citation
Prevalence and Extent of Atherosclerosis in Adolescents and Young Adults Implications for Prevention From the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth Study
Strong, J. P. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.8.727 · Cited by 1,001 · see citing works
Stability and Instability: Two Faces of Coronary Atherosclerosis
Davies, M. J. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.8.2013 · Cited by 913 · see citing works
Arterial Remodeling After Coronary Angioplasty
Mintz, G. S., Popma, J. J., Pichard, A. D., et al. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.1.35 · Cited by 891 · see citing works
A definition of initial, fatty streak, and intermediate lesions of atherosclerosis. A report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association.
Stary, H. C., Chandler, A. B., Glagov, S. K., Guyton, J. R., Insull, W., Rosenfeld, M. E., Schaffer, S. A., Schwartz, C. J., Wagner, W. D., & Wissler, R. W. (1994) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.14.5.840 · Cited by 738 · see citing works
Apoptosis of human vascular smooth muscle cells derived from normal vessels and coronary atherosclerotic plaques.
Bennett, M. R., Evan, G. I., & Schwartz, S. M. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117917 · Cited by 707 · see citing works
Self-citation
Involvement of the immune system in human atherogenesis: current knowledge and unanswered questions.
Libby, P., & Hansson, G. K. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 669 · see citing works
Expression of the elastolytic cathepsins S and K in human atheroma and regulation of their production in smooth muscle cells.
Sukhova, G. K., Shi, G., Simon, D. I., Chapman, H. A., & Libby, P. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci181 · Cited by 665 · see citing works
Evidence for Increased Collagenolysis by Interstitial Collagenases-1 and -3 in Vulnerable Human Atheromatous Plaques
Sukhova, G. K., Schönbeck, U., Aikawa, E. R., Schöen, F. J., Poole, A. R., Billinghurst, R. C., & Libby, P. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.19.2503 · Cited by 657 · see citing works
Localization of stromelysin gene expression in atherosclerotic plaques by in situ hybridization.
HENNEY, A. M., Wakeley, P. R., Davies, M. J., Foster, K., Hembry, R. M., Murphy, G., & Humphries, S. E. (1991) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.88.18.8154 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Relation of the site of acute myocardial infarction to the most severe coronary arterial stenosis at prior angiography
Giroud, D., Li, J. M., Urban, P. M., Meier, B., & Rutishauser, W. (1992) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(92)90495-k · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Angiographic evolution of coronary artery morphology in unstable angina
Ambrose, J. A., Winters, S. L., Arora, R. R., Eng, A., Riccio, A., Gorlin, R., & Fuster, V. (1986) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80455-7 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Plaque Rupture and Sudden Death Related to Exertion in Men With Coronary Artery Disease
BURKE, A. P., Farb, A. A., Malcom, G. T., Liang, Y.-H., Smialek, J. E., & Virmani, R. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.10.921 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effect of Risk Factors on the Mechanism of Acute Thrombosis and Sudden Coronary Death in Women
BURKE, A. P., Farb, A. A., Malcom, G. T., Liang, Y.-H., Smialek, J. E., & Virmani, R. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.21.2110 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Self-citation
Plaque fissures in human coronary thrombosis
Constantinides, P. (1966) · Journal of Atherosclerosis Research · doi:10.1016/s0368-1319(66)80056-x · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Sudden Coronary Death
Farb, A. A., Tang, A. L., BURKE, A. P., Sessums, L. L., Liang, Y.-H., & Virmani, R. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.92.7.1701 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Self-citation
Hypercholesterolemia is associated with a T helper (Th) 1/Th2 switch of the autoimmune response in atherosclerotic apo E-knockout mice.
Zhou, X., Paulsson, G. B., Stemme, S., & Hansson, G. K. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci1216 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: Pathologic observations in 20 patients
Nobuyoshi, M., Kimura, T., Ohishi, H., Horiuchi, H., Nosaka, H., Hamasaki, N., 横井, 博., & Kim, K. (1991) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(10)80111-1 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Proliferation in primary and restenotic coronary atherectomy tissue. Implications for antiproliferative therapy.
O’Brien, E. R., Alpers, C. E., Stewart, D. K., Ferguson, M. S., Tran, N. T., Gordon, D., Benditt, E. P., Hinohara, T., Simpson, J. B., & Schwartz, S. M. (1993) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.73.2.223 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Self-citation
Immunoglobulin treatment reduces atherosclerosis in apo E knockout mice.
Nicoletti, A., Kaveri, S. V., Caligiuri, G., Bariety, J., & Hansson, G. K. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119892 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Microscopic localization of active proteases by in situ zymography: detection of matrix metalloproteinase activity in vascular tissue
Calis, Z. S., Sukhova, G. K., & Libby, P. (1995) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.9.10.7615167 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Inhibition of neointimal cell bcl-x expression induces apoptosis and regression of vascular disease
Pollman, M. J., Hall, J. L., Mann, M. J., Zhang, L., & Gibbons, G. H. (1998) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0298-222 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Fas Is Expressed in Human Atherosclerotic Intima and Promotes Apoptosis of Cytokine-Primed Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Geng, Y., Henderson, L. E., Levesque, E. B., Muszynski, M., & Libby, P. (1997) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.17.10.2200 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Anatomic features in victims of sudden coronary death. Coronary artery pathology.
Davies, M. J. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Morphometric analysis of the composition of atherosclerotic plaques in the four major epicardial coronary arteries in acute myocardial infarction and in sudden coronary death.
Kragel, A. H., Reddy, S. G., Wittes, J. T., & Roberts, W. C. (1989) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.80.6.1747 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Progression of coronary atherosclerosis: Is coronary spasm related to progression?
Nobuyoshi, M., Tanaka, M., Nosaka, H., Kimura, T., 横井, 博., Hamasaki, N., Kim, K., Shindo, T., & Kimura, K. (1991) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(91)90745-u · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Evidence for a local immune response in atherosclerosis. CD4+ T cells infiltrate lesions of apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice.
Zhou, X., Stemme, S., & Hansson, G. K. (1996) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Remodeling of Coronary Arteries in Human and Nonhuman Primates
Clarkson, T. B. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03510280051032 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Morphology of the endothelium over atherosclerotic plaques in human coronary arteries.
Davies, M. J., Woolf, N., Rowles, P. M., & Pepper, J. (1988) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.60.6.459 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Remodeling Rather Than Neointimal Formation Explains Luminal Narrowing After Deep Vessel Wall Injury
Andersen, H., Mæng, M., Thorwest, M., & Falk, E. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.93.9.1716 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
How Big Are Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaques That Rupture?
Fishbein, M. C., & Siegel, R. J. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.10.2662 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Ischemia-Related Lesion Characteristics in Patients With Stable or Unstable Angina
de Feyter, P. J., Ozaki, Y., Baptista, J., et al. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.92.6.1408 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Lipoprotein lipase and sphingomyelinase synergistically enhance the association of atherogenic lipoproteins with smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix. A possible mechanism for low density lipoprotein and lipoprotein(a) retention and macrophage foam cell formation.
Tabas, I. A., Li, Y., Brocia, R. W., Xu, S. W., Swenson, T. L., & Williams, K. J. (1993) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(20)80745-5 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Fatty streak expansion and maturation in Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipemic and comparably hypercholesterolemic fat-fed rabbits.
Rosenfeld, M. E., Tsukada, T., Chait, A., Bierman, E. L., Gown, A. M., & Ross, R. (1987) · Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association Inc · doi:10.1161/01.atv.7.1.24 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Coronary calcification: insights from sudden coronary death victims
BURKE, A. P., Taylor, A., Farb, A. A., Malcolm, G. T., & Virmani, R. (2000) · Zeitschrift für Kardiologie · doi:10.1007/s003920070099 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-citation
Myocardial infarction mediated by endothelin receptor signaling in hypercholesterolemic mice
Caligiuri, G., Levy, B. I., Pernow, J., Thorén, P., & Hansson, G. K. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.12.6920 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Genomic instability in the type II TGF-beta1 receptor gene in atherosclerotic and restenotic vascular cells.
McCaffrey, T. A., Du, B., Consigli, S. A., Szabó, P. M., Bray, P. J., Hartner, L., Weksler, B. B., Sanborn, T. A., Bergman, G. W., & Bush, H. L. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119754 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Coronary atherosclerotic plaques with and without thrombus in ischemic heart syndromes: A morphologic, immunohistochemical, and biochemical study
Arbustini, E., Grasso, M., Diegoli, M., Pucci, A., Bramerio, M., Ardissino, D., ANGOLI, L., Servi, S. D., Bramucci, E., Mussini, A., et al. (1991) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(91)90383-v · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Expression of Stromelysin-3 in Atherosclerotic Lesions: Regulation via CD40–CD40 Ligand Signaling In Vitro and In Vivo
Schönbeck, U., Mach, F., Sukhova, G. K., Atkinson, E., Levesque, E. B., Herman, M. P., Graber, P., Basset, P., & Libby, P. (1999) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.189.5.843 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Enhanced Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylations as a Central Mechanism for Coronary Artery Spasm in a Swine Model With Interleukin-1β
Katsumata, N., Shimokawa, H., Seto, M., et al. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.12.4357 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Basic science of abdominal aortic aneurysms: emerging therapeutic strategies for an unresolved clinical problem
Thompson, R. W. (1996) · Current Opinion in Cardiology · doi:10.1097/00001573-199609000-00010 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Cellular pathology as based upon physiological and pathological histology; twenty lectures delivered in the Pathological Institute of Berlin during the months of February, March, and April, 1858
Virchow, R., Chance, F., & Goodsir, J. (1860) · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.110759 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Proteolytic inactivation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin by oxidatively activated human neutrophil metalloproteinases.
Desrochers, P. E., Mookhtiar, K. A., Wart, H. E. V., Hasty, K. A., & Weiss, S. J. (1992) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)42931-6 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Effect of Hypertension and Cardiac Hypertrophy on Coronary Artery Morphology in Sudden Cardiac Death
BURKE, A. P., Farb, A. A., Liang, Y.-H., Smialek, J. E., & Virmani, R. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.12.3138 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citation
Vascular reactivity during the progression of atherosclerotic plaque. A study in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits.
Kolodgie, F. D., Virmani, R., Rice, H. E., et al. (1990) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.66.4.1112 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citation
Peripheral Vascular Stenosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice
Seo, H. S., Lombardi, D. M., Polinsky, P., Powell-Braxton, L., Bunting, S., Schwartz, S. M., & Rosenfeld, M. E. (1997) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.17.12.3593 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citation
Modification of proteins and lipids by myeloperoxidase
Hazen, S. L., Hsu, F., Gaut, J. P., Crowley, J. R., & Heinecke, J. W. (1999) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(99)00117-2 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Atherosclerotic involvement of the coronary arteries of adolescents and young adults
VELICAN, D., & Velican, C. (1980) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(80)90238-5 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Activation of a Proteolytic System by a Membrane Lipoprotein: Mechanism of Action of Tissue Factor
Nemerson, Y., & ESNOUF, M. P. (1973) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.70.2.310 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Expression of Cellular FLICE-Inhibitory Protein in Human Coronary Arteries and in a Rat Vascular Injury Model
Imanishi, T., McBride, J., Ho, Q. H., O’Brien, K. D., Schwartz, S. M., & Han, D. K. M. (2000) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64712-8 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citation
Preservation and structural adaptation of endothelium over experimental foam cell lesions. Quantitative ultrastructural study.
Taylor, K., Glagov, S. K., & Zarins, C. K. (1989) · Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association Inc · doi:10.1161/01.atv.9.6.881 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Nicotine and cigarette smoking: effects on the ultrastructure of aortic endothelium.
Pittilo, R. M., Bull, H. A., Gulati, S., et al. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 48 · see citing works
SURFACE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF HUMAN ARTERIES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE EFFECTS OF SMOKING
Bylock, A. L., Bondjers, G., Jansson, I., et al. (1979) · Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section A Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1979.tb00043.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Sequential Injury of the Rabbit Abdominal Aorta Induces Intramural Coagulation and Luminal Narrowing Independent of Intimal Mass
Courtman, D. W., Schwartz, S. M., & Hart, C. E. (1998) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.82.9.996 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citation
Histopathology of postpercutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty remodeling in human coronary arteries
Sangiorgi, G., Taylor, A. J., Farb, A. A., et al. (1999) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/s0002-8703(99)70183-3 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citation
Atherosclerosis-prone branch regions in human aorta: microarchitecture and cell composition of intima
Kolpakov, V., Polishchuk, R., Bannykh, S. I., et al. (1996) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(95)05735-8 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Familial Hypercholesterolemia Associated with Coronary Atherosclerosis in Swine Bearing Different Alleles for Apolipoprotein B
PRESCOTT, M. F., Hasler‐Rapacz, J., LINDEN‐REED, J. V., et al. (1994) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb17326.x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Comparative Pathogenetic Patterns in Atherosclerosis
Wissler, R. W., & Vesselinovitch, D. (1968) · Advances in lipid research · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4831-9942-9.50011-5 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary arteries of hyperlipidernic swine Part 1. Cell increases, divisions, losses and cells of origin in first 90 days on diet
Kim, D. N., Schmee, J., Lee, K. T., et al. (1987) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(87)90251-6 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Proliferative Activity in Coronary Atherectomy Tissue
Taylor, A. J., Farb, A. A., Angello, D. A., et al. (1995) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.108.3.815 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citation
Intravascular ultrasound imaging in coronary artery disease
Siegel, R. J. (1998) · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Arterial Remodeling at the Reference Site After Angioplasty in the Atherosclerotic Rabbit Model
Kakuta, T., Usui, M., Coats, W. D., et al. (1998) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.18.1.47 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Reversibility of atherosclerosis.
Armstrong, M. L., Heistad, D. D., Megan, M. B., et al. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Mechanisms of plaque formation and rupture
Bentzon, J. F., Otsuka, F., Virmani, R., & Falk, E. (2014) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.114.302721 · Cited by 2,391 · see citing works
Self-citation
Vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis
Bennett, M. R., Sinha, S., & Owens, G. K. (2016) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.115.306361 · Cited by 2,179 · see citing works
Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: pathophysiological, genetic, and therapeutic insights: a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel
Borén, J., Chapman, M. J., Krauss, R. M., Packard, C. J., Bentzon, J. F., Binder, C. J., Daemen, M. J., Demer, L. L., Hegele, R. A., Nicholls, S. J., et al. (2020) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz962 · Cited by 1,601 · see citing works
Role of Endothelial Shear Stress in the Natural History of Coronary Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling
Chatzizisis, Y. S., Coskun, A. U., Jonas, M., Edelman, E. R., Feldman, C. L., & Stone, P. H. (2007) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.02.059 · Cited by 1,483 · see citing works
Acute Myocardial Infarction in Women: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Mehta, L. S., Beckie, T. M., DeVon, H. A., Grines, C. L., Krumholz, H. M., Johnson, M. N., Lindley, K. J., Vaccarino, V., Wang, T. Y., Watson, K. E., et al. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000351 · Cited by 1,244 · see citing works
KLF4-dependent phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells has a key role in atherosclerotic plaque pathogenesis
Shankman, L. S., Gomez, D., Cherepanova, O. A., Salmon, M., Alencar, G. F., Haskins, R. M., Swiatlowska, P., Newman, A. A. C., Greene, E. S., Straub, A. C., et al. (2015) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3866 · Cited by 1,218 · see citing works
Update on acute coronary syndromes: the pathologists' view
Falk, E., Nakano, M., Bentzon, J. F., Finn, A. V., & Virmani, R. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs411 · Cited by 1,047 · see citing works
Self-citation
The immunology of atherosclerosis
Gisterå, A., & Hansson, G. K. (2017) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/nrneph.2017.51 · Cited by 982 · see citing works
Association of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with stability of atherosclerotic plaques: A randomised controlled trial
Thies, F., Garry, J. M., Yaqoob, P., Rerkasem, K., Williams, J., Shearman, C. P., Gallagher, P. J., Calder, P. C., & Grimble, R. F. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12468-3 · Cited by 739 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of native coronary, vein graft, and in-stent atherosclerosis
Yahagi, K., Kolodgie, F. D., Otsuka, F., Finn, A. V., Davis, H. R., Joner, M., & Virmani, R. (2016) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2015.164 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Self-citation
Morphological predictors of arterial remodeling in coronary atherosclerosis
Burke, A. P., Kolodgie, F. D., Farb, A., Weber, D., & Virmani, R. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/hc0302.102610 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Self-citation
Translating molecular discoveries into new therapies for atherosclerosis
Rader, D. J., & Daugherty, A. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06796 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages is impaired in atherosclerosis
Schrijvers, D. M., De Meyer, G. R. Y., Kockx, M. M., Herman, A. G., & Martinet, W. (2005) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000166517.18801.a7 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Altered Activation of Endothelial Anti- and Proapoptotic Pathways by High-Density Lipoprotein from Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: Role of High-Density Lipoprotein–Proteome Remodeling
Riwanto, M., Rohrer, L., Roschitzki, B., Besler, C., Mocharla, P., Mueller, M., Perisa, D., Heinrich, K., Altwegg, L., von Eckardstein, A., et al. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.112.108753 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Pathology of Peripheral Artery Disease in Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia
Narula, N., Dannenberg, A. J., Olin, J. W., Bhatt, D. L., Johnson, K. W., Nadkarni, G., Min, J., Torii, S., Poojary, P., Anand, S. S., et al. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.002 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Self-citation
Differential Accumulation of Proteoglycans and Hyaluronan in Culprit Lesions: Insights Into Plaque Erosion
Kolodgie, F. D., Burke, A. P., Farb, A., Weber, D. K., Kutys, R., Wight, T. N., & Virmani, R. (2002) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000034021.92658.4c · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Self-citation
MerTK receptor cleavage promotes plaque necrosis and defective resolution in atherosclerosis
Cai, B., Thorp, E. B., Doran, A. C., Sansbury, B. E., Daemen, M. J. A. P., Dorweiler, B., Spite, M., Fredman, G., & Tabas, I. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci90520 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Diffuse and Active Inflammation Occurs in Both Vulnerable and Stable Plaques of the Entire Coronary Tree
Mauriello, A., Sangiorgi, G., Fratoni, S., Palmieri, G., Bonanno, E., Anemona, L., Schwartz, R. S., & Spagnoli, L. G. (2005) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.01.054 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Vascular smooth muscle cell senescence in atherosclerosis
GORENNE, I., KAVURMA, M., SCOTT, S., & BENNETT, M. (2006) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2006.06.004 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Reactive Oxygen Species Can Provide Atheroprotection via NOX4-Dependent Inhibition of Inflammation and Vascular Remodeling
Gray, S. P., Di Marco, E., Kennedy, K., Chew, P., Okabe, J., El-Osta, A., Calkin, A. C., Biessen, E. A. L., Touyz, R. M., Cooper, M. E., et al. (2016) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.115.307012 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Stabilizing effect of combined eicosapentaenoic acid and statin therapy on coronary thin-cap fibroatheroma
Nishio, R., Shinke, T., Otake, H., Nakagawa, M., Nagoshi, R., Inoue, T., Kozuki, A., Hariki, H., Osue, T., Taniguchi, Y., et al. (2014) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.02.025 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Molecular Imaging of Matrix Metalloproteinase in Atherosclerotic Lesions
Fujimoto, S., Hartung, D., Ohshima, S., Edwards, D. S., Zhou, J., Yalamanchili, P., Azure, M., Fujimoto, A., Isobe, S., Matsumoto, Y., et al. (2008) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.08.048 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Integrative single-cell meta-analysis reveals disease-relevant vascular cell states and markers in human atherosclerosis
Mosquera, J. V., Auguste, G., Wong, D., Turner, A. W., Hodonsky, C. J., Alvarez-Yela, A. C., Song, Y., Cheng, Q., Lino Cardenas, C. L., Theofilatos, K., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113380 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Antiangiogenic therapy for normalization of atherosclerotic plaque vasculature: a potential strategy for plaque stabilization
Jain, R. K., Finn, A. V., Kolodgie, F. D., Gold, H. K., & Virmani, R. (2007) · Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1038/ncpcardio0979 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citation
S100A12 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Accelerates Vascular Calcification in Apolipoprotein E–Null Mice by Activating an Osteogenic Gene Regulatory Program
Hofmann Bowman, M. A., Gawdzik, J., Bukhari, U., Husain, A. N., Toth, P. T., Kim, G., Earley, J., & McNally, E. M. (2011) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.110.217745 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
The effects of particle size, shape, density and flow characteristics on particle margination to vascular walls in cardiovascular diseases
Ta, H. T., Truong, N. P., Whittaker, A. K., Davis, T. P., & Peter, K. (2018) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/17425247.2017.1316262 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Elimination of Neoangiogenesis for Plaque Stabilization
Kolodgie, F. D., Narula, J., Yuan, C., Burke, A. P., Finn, A. V., & Virmani, R. (2007) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.10.083 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citation
Lineage tracing of cells involved in atherosclerosis
Albarrán-Juárez, J., Kaur, H., Grimm, M., Offermanns, S., & Wettschureck, N. (2016) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.06.012 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Clinical characteristics of patients with obstructive coronary lesions in the absence of coronary calcification: an evaluation by coronary CT angiography
Marwan, M., Ropers, D., Pflederer, T., Daniel, W. G., & Achenbach, S. (2009) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2008.153353 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery System for Cardiovascular Disease
Matoba, T., & Egashira, K. (2014) · International Heart Journal · doi:10.1536/ihj.14-150 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Chemerin and CMKLR1 expression in human arteries and periadventitial fat: a possible role for local chemerin in atherosclerosis?
Kostopoulos, C. G., Spiroglou, S. G., Varakis, J. N., Apostolakis, E., & Papadaki, H. H. (2014) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2261-14-56 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Pathologic intimal thickening in human atherosclerosis is formed by extracellular accumulation of plasma-derived lipids and dispersion of intimal smooth muscle cells
Nakagawa, K., & Nakashima, Y. (2018) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.03.039 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with increased coronary plaque instability: an optical frequency domain imaging study
Konishi, T., Kashiwagi, Y., Funayama, N., Yamamoto, T., Murakami, H., Hotta, D., & Tanaka, S. (2019) · Heart and Vessels · doi:10.1007/s00380-019-01363-8 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Cathelicidin Modulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Switching through ROS/IL-6 Pathway
Dong, X., Wu, D., Zhang, Y., Jia, L., Pan, X., Sun, J., & Pan, L.-L. (2020) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox9060491 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The hypoxia-sensor carbonic anhydrase IX affects macrophage metabolism, but is not a suitable biomarker for human cardiovascular disease
Demandt, J. A. F., Dubois, L. J., van Kuijk, K., Zaťovičová, M., Jin, H., Parkkila, S., van der Laan, S. W., Jelenska, L., Mees, B. M. E., Reutelingsperger, C. P. M., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79978-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Authors: Virmani, R., Kolodgie, F. D., Burke, A. P., Farb, A., & Schwartz, S. M.
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
ORCID: Virmani, Renu
Kolodgie, Frank D.
Burke, Allen P.
Farb, Andrew
Schwartz, Stephen M.
Venue: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2000-05
Volume: 20
Issue: 5
Pages: 1262-1275
ISSN: 1079-5642 (ISSN-L)
1524-4636
DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.20.5.1262
OpenAlex: W2161682643
Cited by: 4,084
References: 73
Citations by year: 2026: 99 · 2025: 158 · 2024: 151 · 2023: 161 · 2022: 168 · 2021: 213 · 2020: 192 · 2019: 182 · 2018: 148 · 2017: 191 · 2016: 180 · 2015: 207 · 2014: 226 · 2013: 183 · 2012: 190
FWCI: 12.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: American Heart Association
National Institutes of Health
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL61799-02, R01HL061799)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Healthcare Systems and Public Health
Keywords: sudden coronary death, sudden cardiac death, coronary artery disease, risk factors
MeSH terms: Arteriosclerosis, Humans, Death, Sudden, Cardiac

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Lessons From Sudden Coronary Death: A Comprehensive Morphological Classification Scheme for Atherosclerotic Lesions

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks