Nanoscale Surveillance of the Brain by Microglia via cAMP-Regulated Filopodia
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Microglia, the brain's immune cells, maintain homeostasis and sense pathological changes by continuously surveying the parenchyma with highly motile large processes. Here, we demonstrate that microglia also use thin actin-dependent filopodia that allow fast nanoscale sensing within discrete regions. Filopodia are distinct from large processes by their size, speed, and regulation mechanism. Increasing cyclic AMP (cAMP) by activating norepinephrine G s -coupled receptors, applying nitric oxide, or inhibiting phosphodiesterases rapidly increases filopodia but collapses large processes. Alternatively, G i -coupled P2Y12 receptor activation collapses filopodia but triggers large processes extension with bulbous tips. Similar control of cytoskeletal dynamics and microglial morphology by cAMP is observed in ramified primary microglia, suggesting that filopodia are intrinsically generated sensing structures. Therefore, nanoscale surveillance of brain parenchyma by microglia requires localized cAMP increases that drive filopodia formation. Shifting intracellular cAMP levels controls the polarity of microglial responses to changes in brain homeostasis and alters the scale of immunosurveillance.
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Microglial surveillance is dependent on actin polymerization.
“It has recently been shown that microglial surveillance is dependent on actin polymerization (42).”
From Deletion of <i>Abi3</i> gene locus exacerbates neuropathological features of Alzheimer’s disease in a mouse model of Aβ amyloidosis (2021) · cites this paper as [42]
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- Authors
- Bernier, L.-P., Bohlen, C. J., York, E. M., Choi, H. B., Kamyabi, A., Dissing-Olesen, L., Hefendehl, J. K., Collins, H. Y., Stevens, B., Barres, B. A., & MacVicar, B. A.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bernier, Louis-Philippe
- MacVicar, Brian A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell Reports
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-06
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2895-2908.e4
- ISSN
- 2211-1247 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2948343247
- Cited by
- 211
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 7 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 11.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Fondation Leducq
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FDN-148397)
- Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
- Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- microglia, filopodia, cyclic AMP, microglial surveillance, brain parenchyma, actin cytoskeleton dynamics, nitric oxide, phosphodiesterase inhibition, P2Y12 receptor, microglial morphology, immune surveillance, microglial motility
- MeSH terms
- Actins, Cyclic AMP, Adenosine Triphosphate, Animals, Brain, Female, Male, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Microtubules, Pseudopodia, Signal Transduction, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Microglia, Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain, Mice, Rats, Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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