Homeostatic and injury‐induced microglia behavior in the aging brain
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Summary: Microglia cells are essential for brain homeostasis and have essential roles in neurodegenerative diseases. Aging is the main risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases, and age‐related changes in microglia may contribute to the susceptibility of the aging brain to dysfunction and neurodegeneration. We have analyzed morphology and dynamic behavior of neocortical microglia in their physiological environment in young adult (3‐month‐old), adult (11‐ to 12‐month‐old), and aged (26‐ to 27‐month‐old) C57BL/6J‐Iba1‐ eGFP mice using in vivo 2‐photon microscopy. Results show that surveying microglial cells in the neocortex exhibit age‐related soma volume increase, shortening of processes, and loss of homogeneous tissue distribution. Furthermore, microglial process speed significantly decreased with age. While only a small population of microglia showed soma movement in adult mice, the microglia population with soma movement was increased in aged mice. However, in response to tissue injury, the dynamic microglial response was age‐dependently diminished. These results provide novel insights into microglial behavior and indicate that microglial dysfunction in the aging brain may contribute to age‐related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Aging microglia display signs of dystrophy, including reduced ramification and short, tortuous, swollen processes, and their ability to survey the brain and respond to insults declines with aging.
“However, aging microglia display signs of dystrophy, including reduced ramification and short, tortuous, swollen processes (58). The ability of microglia to survey the brain and respond to insults also declines with aging (59).”
From Microglia Function in the Central Nervous System During Health and Neurodegeneration (2017) · cites this paper as [59]
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- Authors
- Hefendehl, J. K., Neher, J. J., Sühs, R. B., Kohsaka, S., Skodras, A., & Jucker, M.
- Affiliations
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (DE)
- National Institute of Neuroscience (JP)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Hefendehl, Jasmin K.
- Jucker, Mathias
- Venue
- Aging Cell
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-09-18
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 60-69
- ISSN
- 1474-9718 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-9726
- PMC
- PMC4326865
- OpenAlex
- W2097971052
- Cited by
- 319
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 14
- FWCI
- 10.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Aging Cell (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DZNE Pub (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- microglia, brain aging, microglial morphology, age-related cognitive decline, neurodegenerative diseases, tissue injury response, neocortex, microglial dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Brain, Brain Injuries, Cell Movement, Homeostasis, Lasers, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Microglia, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Cell Shape, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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