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On the need for attention-aware systems: Measuring effects of interruption on task performance, error rate, and affective state
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Sorted by citations
Association of Interruptions With an Increased Risk and Severity of Medication Administration Errors
Westbrook, J. I. (2010) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.65 · Cited by 772
Laptop multitasking hinders classroom learning for both users and nearby peers
Sana, F., Weston, T., & Cepeda, N. J. (2013) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.003 · Cited by 707
“…distractions due to movement of images and laptop screen lighting (Melerdiercks, 2005) and multitasking activities (Crook & Barrowcliff, 2001) may cause involuntary shifts of attention among students in close proximity to laptop users (Barak et al., 2006; Chun & Wolfe, 2001; Finn & Inman, 2004).”
BackgroundResultIn-class laptop use and its effects on student learning
Fried, C. B. (2008) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2006.09.006 · Cited by 678
Efficiently Scaling up Crowdsourced Video Annotation
Vondrick, C., Patterson, D. J., & Ramanan, D. (2012) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-012-0564-1 · Cited by 482
“Work in psychology and human-computer interaction reveals that minimizing interruptions and choices can significantly reduce user anxiety and increase efficiency (Schwartz 2005; Bailey and Konstan 2006; Mark et al. 2005).”
Can students really multitask? An experimental study of instant messaging while reading
Bowman, L. L., Levine, L. E., Waite, B. M., & Gendron, M. (2010) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2009.09.024 · Cited by 411
“In the work world, use of IM has been linked to slower time to complete tasks, forgetting of target activities, and more errors in carrying out those activities (Bailey & Konstan, 2006; Cutrell, Czerwinski, & Horvitz, 2001).”
BackgroundThe impact of interruptions on clinical task completion
Westbrook, J. I., Coiera, E. W., Dunsmuir, W. T. M., Brown, B. M., Kelk, N. J., Paoloni, R., & Tran, C. (2010) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/qshc.2009.039255 · Cited by 344
“Further, interruptions add significantly to cognitive load, increase stress and anxiety, inhibit decision-making performance and increase task errors.(11) 12 Interruptions can cause an individual to forget items in working memory, leading to errors such as failing to complete or initiate tasks, or to repeat tasks.”
BackgroundBailey, B. P., & Iqbal, S. T. (2008) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/1314683.1314689 · Cited by 325
Self-citationInformation and communication technology use, work intensification and employee strain and distress
Chesley, N. (2014) · Work Employment and Society · doi:10.1177/0950017013500112 · Cited by 339
“Similarly, Baily and Konstan (2006) find that interruptions of all kinds generally heighten anxiety.”
BackgroundDisruption and recovery of computing tasks: field study, analysis, and directions
Iqbal, S. T., & Horvitz, E. (2007) · Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1240624.1240730 · Cited by 300
“This finding corroborates evidence found in research on interruption effects, as shown in [2, 33].”
BackgroundResultPejović, V., & Musolesi, M. (2014) · ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) · doi:10.1145/2632048.2632062 · Cited by 283
Flipped classrooms and student learning: not just surface gains
McLean, S., Attardi, S. M., Faden, L. Y., & Goldszmidt, M. A. (2016) · AJP Advances in Physiology Education · doi:10.1152/advan.00098.2015 · Cited by 276
“However, evidence strongly demonstrates that multitasking has a negative effect on learning (1).”
BackgroundMehrotra, A., Pejović, V., Vermeulen, J., Hendley, R., & Musolesi, M. (2016) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2858036.2858566 · Cited by 290
(2010) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · Cited by 256
Baethge, A., & Rigotti, T. (2013) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678373.2013.761783 · Cited by 262
“This replicates findings of laboratory studies (Bailey & Konstan, 2006; Eyrolle & Cellier, 2000; Trafton et al., 2003) but has ecological validity.”
BackgroundInfluentialPuranik, H. G., Koopman, J., & Vough, H. C. (2019) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206319887428 · Cited by 258
“While the above two approaches discuss affect briefly, the focus is only on negative emotion as an outcome (e.g., Bailey & Konstan, 2006).”
BackgroundLi, S. Y. W., Magrabi, F., & Coiera, E. W. (2011) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2010-000024 · Cited by 223
The Impact of Heavy Perceived Nurse Workloads on Patient and Nurse Outcomes
MacPhee, M., Dahinten, V. S., & Havaei, F. (2017) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci7010007 · Cited by 205
“At the task-level, interruptions divert nurses from their planned activities [39] resulting in decreased performance [40] and increased patient adverse events, such as medication errors [41].”
BackgroundJuggling on a high wire: Multitasking effects on performance
Adler, R. F., & Benbunan-Fich, R. (2012) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2011.10.003 · Cited by 203
“…nature of self-imposed interruptions , the effects of voluntary task switching on performance are less clear than those documented in the interruptions literature, where there is an extensive body of work (Bailey and Konstan, 2006; Gillie and Broadbent, 1989; McFarlane, 2002; Speier et al., 2003).”
BackgroundIqbal, S. T., & Horvitz, E. (2010) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/1718918.1718926 · Cited by 223
“... information themselves, they unfortunately have also been considered to be a large source of disruption to ongoing tasks [2, 3, 7]. This assessment is due in part to the fact that notifications often occur at inopportune moments and lure users to process and respond to them [3, 7, 8]. Studies have shown that respo…”
BackgroundEffects of intelligent notification management on users and their tasks
Iqbal, S. T., & Bailey, B. P. (2008) · Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1357054.1357070 · Cited by 197
“For example, scheduling notifications at breakpoints has been shown to reduce cost of interruption [1, 3, 21].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationA systematic literature review to identify and classify software requirement errors
Walia, G., & Carver, J. C. (2009) · Information and Software Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2009.01.004 · Cited by 194
“, re-inspections, and defect estimation techniques [4, 10, 33, 82, 83].”
Attention aware systems: Theories, applications, and research agenda
Roda, C., & Thomas, J. J. (2006) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2005.12.005 · Cited by 198
“Adamczyk and Bailey (2004) and Bailey and Konstan (2006) have studied the impact of interruptions at different times in a task execution.”
BackgroundRaban, M. Z., & Westbrook, J. I. (2013) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002118 · Cited by 192
Modelling Habit Formation and Its Determinants
Gardner, B., & Lally, P. (2018) · The Psychology of Habit · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97529-0_12 · Cited by 187
Designing content-driven intelligent notification mechanisms for mobile applications
Mehrotra, A., Musolesi, M., Hendley, R., & Pejović, V. (2015) · ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) · doi:10.1145/2750858.2807544 · Cited by 186
“Such an interruption can adversely affect task completion time [8, 9, 23], error rate [5], and affective state of the user [3, 4].”
BackgroundAttention: Theory, Principles, Models and Applications
Wickens, C. D. (2021) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2021.1874741 · Cited by 222
“…solutions that can (a) use automation to monitor the progress of certain types of manual work to assess more appropriate times to interrupt (Bailey & Konstan, 2006; Dorneich et al., 2012); (b) provide advanced notification of the importance of the interruption so that the operator can…”
BackgroundRhee, S., Hur, W., & Kim, M. (2016) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-016-9469-2 · Cited by 200
Self-interruptions in discretionary multitasking
Adler, R. F., & Benbunan‐Fich, R. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.040 · Cited by 177
“In contrast, there is an abundance of studies investigatin g the nature , the reactions and the conseque nces of external interrupti ons (Bailey & Konstan, 2006; Gillie & Broadbent, 1989; McFarlane, 2002; Speier et al., 2003 ).”
BackgroundLarge Scale Analysis of Multitasking Behavior During Remote Meetings
Cao, H., Lee, C.-J., Iqbal, S., Czerwinski, M., Wong, P. N. Y., Rintel, S., Hecht, B., Teevan, J. B., & Yang, L. (2021) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445243 · Cited by 186
“Although multitasking is typically associated with negative outcomes such as decreased task performance [17, 47], difculties in decision making [60] and negative afect [5, 68], our participates report that in-meeting multitasking leads to both positive and negative outcomes.”
BackgroundAn investigation of the impact of demographics on cyberloafing from an educational setting angle
Baturay, M. H., & Toker, Ş. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.081 · Cited by 175
Feeling interrupted—Being responsive: how online messages relate to affect at work
Sonnentag, S., Reinecke, L., Mata, J., & Vorderer, P. (2018) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2239 · Cited by 167
Make it our time: In class multitaskers have lower academic performance
Bellur, S., Nowak, K. L., & Hull, K. S. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.06.027 · Cited by 149
“This in turn results in less attention to information and poor performance and learning outcomes (Bailey & Konstan, 2006; Kraushaar & Novak, 2010).”
Trafton, J. G., & Monk, C. A. (2007) · Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics · doi:10.1518/155723408x299852 · Cited by 154
E-Mail Interruptions and Individual Performance: Is There a Silver Lining?1
Addas, S., & Pinsonneault, A. (2018) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2018/13157 · Cited by 145
Mehrotra, A., Hendley, R., & Musolesi, M. (2016) · ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) · doi:10.1145/2971648.2971747 · Cited by 138
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Operant Learning Theory in Pain and Chronic Pain Rehabilitation
Gatzounis, R., Schrooten, M. G. S., Crombez, G., & Vlaeyen, J. W. S. (2012) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-012-0247-1 · Cited by 128
“Interruptions are known to have adverse cognitive and affective consequences [70, 71], leading to higher disability.”
BackgroundLeveraging characteristics of task structure to predict the cost of interruption
Iqbal, S. T., & Bailey, B. P. (2006) · Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1124772.1124882 · Cited by 138
Self-citationIqbal, S. T., & Bailey, B. P. (2010) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/1879831.1879833 · Cited by 131
“…studies have consistently shown that this type of immediate interruption incurs costs for users in terms of decreased productivity and increased negative affect [Adamczyk and Bailey 2004; Bailey and Konstan 2006; Czerwinski et al. 2000b; Kreifeldt and McCarthy 1981; Zijlstra et al. 1999].”
BackgroundSelf-citationBaethge, A., Rigotti, T., & Roe, R. (2015) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2014.897943 · Cited by 114
“The interruption is unwelcome and causes negative emotions and the experience of stress (Bailey & Konstan, 2006; Mark et al., 2008; Zeigarnik, 1927).”
BackgroundInfluentialTechnostress Research: A Nurturing Ground for Measurement Pluralism?
University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Fischer, T., Riedl, R., & University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria and University of Linz (2017) · Communications of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1cais.04017 · Cited by 127
“Additionally, task environment includes constructs that represent characteristics of these roles, such as traits of the job, including job autonomy or dependence on technology (e.g., Bailey & Konstan, 2006; Galluch et al., 2015; Shu et al., 2011; Wang, Ye, & Teo, 2014).”
Okoshi, T., Ramos, J., Nozaki, H., Nakazawa, J., Dey, A. K., & Tokuda, H. (2015) · ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) · doi:10.1145/2750858.2807517 · Cited by 123
“They reduce work productivity and the quality and amount of time available for decision making; they also increase the time that it takes to resume a task after attending to a notification [1, 2, 5, 29, 45, 41].”
BackgroundAddas, S., & Pinsonneault, A. (2015) · Information Systems Journal · doi:10.1111/isj.12064 · Cited by 118
“Similar results were echoed in other contexts (McFarlane, 2002; Speier et al ., 2003; Bailey & Konstan, 2006).”
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The impact of mobile technology on teamwork and communication in hospitals: a systematic review
Martin, G., Khajuria, A., Arora, S., King, D., Ashrafian, H., & Darzi, A. W. (2018) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocy175 · Cited by 111
Walter, S. R., Li, L., Dunsmuir, W. T. M., & Westbrook, J. I. (2013) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002097 · Cited by 108
Priming Drivers before Handover in Semi-Autonomous Cars
van der Heiden, R. M. A., Iqbal, S. T., & Janssen, C. P. (2017) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3025453.3025507 · Cited by 108
Rethinking Productivity in Software Engineering
Sadowski, C., & Zimmermann, T. (2019) · Apress eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4842-4221-6 · Cited by 100
Interruptibility of Software Developers and its Prediction Using Psycho-Physiological Sensors
Züger, M., & Fritz, T. (2015) · Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2702123.2702593 · Cited by 96
“While some of these interruptions are desired, others might incur a high cost, including long resumption lags, slower performance, negative emotions and an increase in errors due to the interruption happening at inopportune moments [6, 16].”
BackgroundFailures Due to Interruptions or Distractions: A Review and a New Framework
Couffe, C., & Michael, G. A. (2017) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5406/amerjpsyc.130.2.0163 · Cited by 109
“…be one of the hot topics in applied cognitive sciences, gathering researchers from a wide variety of specialties such as human–computer interaction (Bailey & Konstan, 2006; Roda & Thomas, 2006), cognitive psychology (Eyrolle & Cellier, 2000; Müller & Rabbitt, 1989), neuropsychology (Clapp &…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialIqbal, S. T., & Bailey, B. P. (2007) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1240624.1240732 · Cited by 100
Self-citationUsing Psychophysiological Sensors to Assess Mental Workload During Web Browsing
Jimenez-Molina, A., Retamal, C., & Lira, H. (2018) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s18020458 · Cited by 101
Effects of Individual Differences in Blocking Workplace Distractions
Mark, G. J., Czerwinski, M. P., & Iqbal, S. T. (2018) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3173574.3173666 · Cited by 99
“Tasks that get interrupted have been shown to take longer to complete compared to tasks that are not interrupted [3, 17].”
BackgroundWickens, C. D., & Carswell, C. M. (2021) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119636113.ch5 · Cited by 112
Interruptions and Task Transitions: Understanding Their Characteristics, Processes, and Consequences
Leroy, S., Schmidt, A. M., & Madjar, N. Y. (2020) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2017.0146 · Cited by 104
Rainmakers: Why bad weather means good productivity.
Lee, J., Gino, F., & Staats, B. R. (2014) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0035559 · Cited by 95
“Previous studies suggest that introducing an interrupting task distracts a worker from the primary task and thus decreases the accuracy of decisions and increases error rates (Bailey and Konstan, 2006; Speier et al, 1999).”
BackgroundLiao, Q. V., Davis, M. J., Geyer, W., Muller, M., & Shami, N. S. (2016) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/2901790.2901842 · Cited by 93
“Meanwhile, the HCI community has a long history of studying the negative influence of interruptions on task performance and user emotions [2], and especially giving it crucial consideration for technology design in enterprise [15, 38].”
BackgroundMohr, G., & Wolfram, H. (2010) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018892 · Cited by 92
Behavioral and emotional consequences of brief delays in human–computer interaction
Szameitat, A. J., Rummel, J., Szameitat, D. P., & Sterr, A. (2009) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2009.02.004 · Cited by 92
“…may occur and delays occurring at such task/sub-task boundaries are presumably less disruptive and disturbing than delays occurring within a task or at less fundamental sub-task boundaries (cf. Adamczk & Bailey, 2004; Bailey & Konstan, 2006; cf. Kohlisch & Kuhmann, 1997; Monk et al., 2002).”
BackgroundThe Effect of Interruptions and Breaks on Insight and Impasses: Do You Need a Break Right Now?
Beeftink, F., van Eerde, W., & Rutte, C. G. (2008) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400410802391314 · Cited by 85
“Recently, Bailey and Konstan (2006) have confirmed both of these findings in a similar experiment. They found that interrupted individuals needed more time to complete their tasks, compared to uninterrupted individuals, and that they made twice as much errors. But not all research finds negative effects of interruptio…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialFeldman, E. R., Reid, E. M., & Mazmanian, M. (2019) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2018.0148 · Cited by 87
Kaur, H., Williams, A. C., McDuff, D., Czerwinski, M. P., Teevan, J. B., & Iqbal, S. T. (2020) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3313831.3376817 · Cited by 85
“, when they are in a state of flow [14], can result in lower task performance [56] and increased frustration, anxiety and annoyance [4, 23, 38, 40, 5, 49].”
BackgroundAttelia: Reducing user's cognitive load due to interruptive notifications on smart phones
Okoshi, T., Ramos, J., Nozaki, H., Nakazawa, J., Dey, A. K., & Tokuda, H. (2015) · IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications · doi:10.1109/percom.2015.7146515 · Cited by 83
"Transport Me Away": Fostering Flow in Open Offices through Virtual Reality
Ruvimova, A., Kim, J., Fritz, T., Hancock, M., & Shepherd, D. C. (2020) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3313831.3376724 · Cited by 86
“There has been much attention in HCI paid to the problem of interruption [1,2,4,26–28, 34,38, 39, 53, 66] and the general”
BackgroundReducing Interruptions at Work: A Large-Scale Field Study of FlowLight
Züger, M., Corley, C., Meyer, A. N., Li, B., Fritz, T., Shepherd, D., Augustine, V., Francis, P., Kraft, N., & Snipes, W. (2017) · Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3025453.3025662 · Cited by 80
Avula, S., Chadwick, G., Arguello, J., & Capra, R. (2018) · Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval · doi:10.1145/3176349.3176380 · Cited by 80
“negatively affect task performance [2], cognitive load [16], and emotional state [1].”
BackgroundA Survey of Attention Management Systems in Ubiquitous Computing Environments
Anderson, C., Hübener, I., Seipp, A.-K., Ohly, S., David, K., & Pejović, V. (2018) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3214261 · Cited by 81
“Intelligent management of attention in ubiquitous systems may have a positive effect on human well-being [11, 51, 100, 121].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe Effects of Task Difficulty and Multitasking on Performance
Adler, R. F., & Benbunan‐Fich, R. (2014) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1093/iwc/iwu005 · Cited by 85
“Some studies have examined how users’ performance is impacted when receiving external interruptions (Bailey and Konstan, 2006; McFarlane, 2002; Speier et al., 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialA defeasible reasoning framework for human mental workload representation and assessment
Longo, L. (2015) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2015.1015166 · Cited by 76
Interruptibility prediction for ubiquitous systems
Turner, L. D., Allen, S. M., & Whitaker, R. M. (2015) · ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) · doi:10.1145/2750858.2807514 · Cited by 78
Mobile Media Use, Multitasking and Distractibility
Levine, L. E., Waite, B. M., & Bowman, L. L. (2012) · International Journal of Cyber Behavior Psychology and Learning · doi:10.4018/ijcbpl.2012070102 · Cited by 83
Multitasking in the military: Cognitive consequences and potential solutions
Chérif, L., Wood, V. M., Marois, A., Labonté, K., & Vachon, F. (2018) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.3415 · Cited by 81
Becker, W. J., Belkin, L. Y., Conroy, S. A., & Tuskey, S. (2021) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206319890655 · Cited by 73
“Supporting this logic, several studies have documented increases in anxiety in response to task interruptions (Bailey & Konstan, 2006; Zijlstra, Roe, Leonora, & Krediet, 1999) and decreases in individual well-being (Zijstra et al., 1999).”
A framework for specifying and monitoring user tasks
Bailey, B. P., Adamczyk, P. D., Chang, T. Y., & Chilson, N. A. (2006) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2005.12.011 · Cited by 75
“Bailey and Konstan (2005) and Iqbal et al.”
BackgroundSelf-citationMark, G. J., Iqbal, S. T., Czerwinski, M. P., & Johns, P. (2014) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/2531602.2531673 · Cited by 72
“A large body of prior work has explored the effects of interruption on a user’s affective state, mostly focusing on negative affect such as frustration, anxiety and annoyance caused by inopportune interruptions [1, 2, 24, 57].”
Background“I Didn’t Know I Looked Angry”: Characterizing Observed Emotion and Reported Affect at Work
Kaur, H., McDuff, D., Williams, A. C., Teevan, J. B., & Iqbal, S. T. (2022) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3491102.3517453 · Cited by 72
Carpenter, C. R., Kaphingst, K. A., Goodman, M. S., Lin, M. J., Melson, A. T., & Griffey, R. T. (2014) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.12315 · Cited by 73
Don't Bother Me. I'm Socializing!
Park, C., Lim, J., Kim, J., Lee, S.-J., & Lee, D. (2017) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/2998181.2998189 · Cited by 77
“They are known to reduce work productivity as it requires additional time and effort to resume a task once they draw attention away [1, 6, 20, 4].”
BackgroundAttention and engagement-awareness in the wild: A large-scale study with adaptive notifications
Okoshi, T., Tsubouchi, K., Taji, M., Ichikawa, T., & Tokuda, H. (2017) · IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications · doi:10.1109/percom.2017.7917856 · Cited by 79
“Past studies have been revealing several types of negative influence of interruptive notification, such as productivity [2], [3], [4], [5], [21], [22], emotional and social attribution [21], and psycho-physiological states [3].”
BackgroundYuan, F., Gao, X., & Lindqvist, J. (2017) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3025453.3025946 · Cited by 73
Let Me Finish before I Take Over
Wintersberger, P., Riener, A., Schartmüller, C., Frison, A.-K., & Weigl, K. (2018) · International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI) · doi:10.1145/3239060.3239085 · Cited by 69
Magrabi, F., Li, S. Y. W., Day, R. O., & Coiera, E. W. (2010) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1136/jamia.2009.001719 · Cited by 67
“Baseline measures for the power calculation were based on a conservative estimate derived from the literature. For simple computer-based tasks, which included reading, counting, comprehension, and selecting tasks, errors were observed in 20% of tasks undertaken at baseline.”
MethodZüger, M., Müller, S. C., Meyer, A. N., & Fritz, T. (2018) · Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3173574.3174165 · Cited by 66
“Yet, the timing of the interruption has a big impact on its disruptiveness [2, 7].”
BackgroundDo instant messaging interruptions help or hinder knowledge workers’ task performance?
Mansi, G. R., & Levy, Y. M. (2013) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2013.01.011 · Cited by 80
Walter, S. R., Raban, M. Z., Dunsmuir, W. T. M., Douglas, H., & Westbrook, J. I. (2016) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2016.07.020 · Cited by 68
The Perpetual Work Life of Crowdworkers
Williams, A. C., Mark, G. J., Milland, K., Lank, E., & Law, E. (2019) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3359126 · Cited by 67
“Our findings speak directly to the importance of the systems’ ability to surface the right type of work and the right amount of work at the right time – all of which have been studied in prior information work settings [8, 45, 53, 103].”
BackgroundCommunication chains and multitasking
Su, N. M., & Mark, G. J. (2008) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1357054.1357069 · Cited by 65
“[1, 4, 16]) our data shows the consequence of interruptions on communication patterns.”
BackgroundFeldman, E. R., & Greenway, D. (2020) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/1059601120959288 · Cited by 60
Expert judgments for performance shaping Factors’ multiplier design in human reliability analysis
Liu, P., Qiu, Y., Hu, J., Tong, J., Zhao, J., & Li, Z. (2018) · Reliability Engineering & System Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ress.2018.12.022 · Cited by 60
“[113] found that users committed twice the number of errors”
BackgroundWorkflow interruptions and employee work outcomes: The moderating role of polychronicity.
Pachler, D., Kuonath, A., Specht, J., Kennecke, S., Agthe, M., & Frey, D. (2018) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/ocp0000094 · Cited by 65
Coping with Digital Wellbeing in a Multi-Device World
Roffarello, A. M., & Russis, L. D. (2021) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445076 · Cited by 67
“Although notifcations are useful to inform users about important information such as new messages and events [40], indeed, they may also interrupt the user’s ongoing tasks, afecting users’ performances, annoyance, and anxiety [8, 12].”
BackgroundUnderstanding the Role of Places and Activities on Mobile Phone Interaction and Usage Patterns
Mehrotra, A., Müller, S. R., Harari, G. M., Gosling, S. D., Cecilia Mascolo, C., Musolesi, M., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2017) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3131901 · Cited by 58
“Previous studies have explored various aspects of users’ interaction with mobile notifications [4, 6, 7, 12, 24, 29, 35].”
BackgroundCheng, X., Bao, Y., & Zarifis, A. (2020) · Information Processing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2020.102281 · Cited by 64
Design and evaluation of a command recommendation system for software applications
Li, W., Matejka, J., Grossman, T., Konstan, J. A., & Fitzmaurice, G. W. (2011) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/1970378.1970380 · Cited by 60
“Previous research [Bailey and Konstan 2006; Cutrell et al. 2001; Cutrell, Czerwinski and Horvitz 2000; McGrenere et al. 2002] has demonstrated the harmful effects that notifications can have on a user‘s task performance.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationRecent developments in affective recommender systems
Katarya, R., & Verma, O. P. (2016) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2016.05.046 · Cited by 57
Improving Usefulness of Automated Driving by Lowering Primary Task Interference through HMI Design
Naujoks, F., Forster, Y., Wiedemann, K., & Neukum, A. (2017) · Journal of Advanced Transportation · doi:10.1155/2017/6105087 · Cited by 57
“They also cause affective discomfort, for example, by increasing subjectively experienced annoyance and anxiety [40, 41].”
BackgroundNot All Interruptions are Created Equal: Positive Interruptions in Healthcare
Sasangohar, F., Donmez, B., Trbovich, P., & Easty, A. (2012) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1071181312561172 · Cited by 60
“Interruptions cause increased task completion time, error rates, and job stress (e.g., Van Bergen, 1968; Cellier & Eyrolle, 1992; Czerwinski et al., 2000; Bailey & Konstan, 2006).”
BackgroundPersuasion, Interrupted: The Effect of Momentary Interruptions on Message Processing and Persuasion
Kupor, D. M., & Tormala, Z. L. (2015) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1093/jcr/ucv018 · Cited by 56
“Consequently, a great deal of research on interruptions concludes with recommendations on how to minimize them (e.g., Bailey and Konstan 2006; Speier et al. 1999).”
BackgroundKim, S., Chun, J., & Dey, A. K. (2015) · Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2702123.2702409 · Cited by 55
“The results of another experiment showed that when peripheral tasks involving reasoning, reading or arithmetic interrupt the execution of primary tasks, users require more time to complete the primary tasks, commit more errors, and become more annoyed and increasingly anxious than when those same peripheral tasks were…”
BackgroundElhai, J. D., Rozgonjuk, D., Alghraibeh, A. M., & Yang, H. (2021) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/0894439319858008 · Cited by 72
“For example, using a controlled experiment, Bailey and Konstan (2006) found that computer INs resulted in more time needed to complete primary tasks, more errors committed, and greater associated annoyance and anxiety.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Bailey, B. P., & Konstan, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bailey, Brian P.
- Venue
- Computers in Human Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-07
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 685-708
- ISSN
- 0747-5632 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2063748437
- Cited by
- 600
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 32.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Computers in Human Behavior (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Personal Information Management and User Behavior
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Keywords
- interruptions, task performance, error rate, annoyance, anxiety, affective states, task completion time, primary task, task boundaries, presentation timing
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