Characterization of biochars to evaluate recalcitrance and agronomic performance
Abstract
Biochars (n=94) were found to have ash contents from 0.4% to 88.2%, volatile matter from 13.2% to 70.0%, and fixed carbon from 0% to 77.4% (w/w). Greater pyrolysis temperature for low-ash biochars increased fixed carbon, but decreased it for biochars with more than 20% ash. Nitrogen recovery varied depending on feedstock used to a greater extent (12-68%) than organic (25-45%) or total C (41-76%) at a pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C. Fixed carbon production ranged from no enrichment in poultry biochar to a 10-fold increase in corn biochar (at 600 °C). Prediction of biochar stability was improved by a combination of volatile matter and H:C ratios corrected for inorganic C. In contrast to stability, agronomic utility of biochars is not an absolute value, as it needs to meet local soil constraints. Woody feedstock demonstrated the greatest versatility with pH values ranging from 4 to 9.
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Higher biochar stability is not only useful from a climate mitigation point of view but also for maintaining possible positive agronomic effects over longer periods of time.
“Higher biochar stability is not only useful from a climate mitigation point of view but also for maintaining possible positive agronomic effects over longer periods of time (Enders et al. 2012).”
From Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects (2020) · cites this paper as Enders et al. 2012
Paper mill biochar and poultry manure biochar prepared at 600°C were rich sources of Ca (25 and 31%, respectively) and Mg (0.87 and 0.29%, respectively).
“The paper mill biochar (Devi and Saroha, 2015) and poultry manure biochar (Enders et al., 2012) prepared at 600 o C were reported to be rich sources of Ca (25 and 31%, respectively) and Mg (0.87 and 0.29%, respectively) (Table 1).”
From A review on biochar modulated soil condition improvements and nutrient dynamics concerning crop yields: Pathways to climate change mitigation and global food security (2019) · cites this paper as Enders et al., 2012
Except for the larger application rate (7%), biochar made from corn stover, oak, and pine wood and animal manures exhibited either positive or neutral effect on crop growth, whereas biochar from hazelnut shells did not affect growth.
“Except for the larger application rate (7%), biochar made from corn stover, oak, and pine wood and animal manures exhibited either positive or neutral effect on crop growth, whereas biochar from hazelnut shells did not affect the growth (Enders et al., 2012).”
From A review on biochar modulated soil condition improvements and nutrient dynamics concerning crop yields: Pathways to climate change mitigation and global food security (2019) · cites this paper as Enders et al., 2012
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Ghosh, D., & Maiti, S. K. (2020) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111097 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Biochar vs. clay: Comparison of their effects on nutrient retention of a tropical Arenosol
Beusch, C., Cierjacks, A., Böhm, J., Mertens, J., Bischoff, W.-A., de Araújo Filho, J. C., & Kaupenjohann, M. (2019) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.09.043 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Bera, T., Purakayastha, T. J., Patra, A. K., & Datta, S. C. (2018) · Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management · doi:10.1007/s10163-017-0675-4 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
García-Jaramillo, M., Cox, L., Knicker, H. E., Cornejo, J., Spokas, K. A., & Hermosín, M. C. (2015) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.10.052 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Potential of Punica granatum biochar to adsorb Cu(II) in soil
Cao, Q., Huang, Z., Liu, S., & Wu, Y. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-46983-2 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Characterization of biochars produced from seven biomasses grown in three different climate zones
Yang, F., LEE, X.-Q., & Wang, B. (2015) · Chinese Journal of Geochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11631-015-0072-4 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The production and application of biochar in soils
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“Usually, among the different biochar types, Mass of biochar produced Dry mass of feedstock woody and animal manure derived biochars show a larger weight loss as they contain higher volatile materials than non woody biochars like rice straw (Enders et al. 2012).”
BackgroundIsa, S. A., Hafeez, M. A., Singh, B. K., Kwon, S. Y., Choung, S., & Um, W. (2022) · Environmental Advances · doi:10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100196 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
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Lebrun Thauront, J., Soja, G., Schmidt, H., & Abiven, S. (2024) · GCB Bioenergy · doi:10.1111/gcbb.13170 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“…properties result from the interaction of these characteristics with its environment and it is important to choose or produce the right biochar for the right application (Abiven et al., 2014; Enders et al., 2012; Ippolito et al., 2020; Novak et al., 2009; Sohi et al., 2015; Xiao et al., 2018).”
Influential
- Authors
- Enders, A., Hanley, K., Whitman, T., Joseph, S., & Lehmann, J.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Lehmann, Johannes
- Venue
- Bioresource Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 114
- Pages
- 644-653
- ISSN
- 0960-8524 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2056641622
- Cited by
- 1,113
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 91 · 2025: 91 · 2024: 82 · 2023: 105 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 105 · 2020: 104 · 2019: 88 · 2018: 84 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 71 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 23.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Bioresource Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- New York State Energy Research and Development Authority
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Keywords
- biochar, pyrolysis temperature, ash content, fixed carbon, volatile matter, nitrogen recovery, biochar stability, feedstock, poultry manure, H/C ratio, soil amendment, agronomic performance
- MeSH terms
- Charcoal, Wood, Incineration
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