The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The NAD+ Precursor Nicotinamide Riboside Enhances Oxidative Metabolism and Protects against High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity
Open accessAbstract
As NAD(+) is a rate-limiting cosubstrate for the sirtuin enzymes, its modulation is emerging as a valuable tool to regulate sirtuin function and, consequently, oxidative metabolism. In line with this premise, decreased activity of PARP-1 or CD38-both NAD(+) consumers-increases NAD(+) bioavailability, resulting in SIRT1 activation and protection against metabolic disease. Here we evaluated whether similar effects could be achieved by increasing the supply of nicotinamide riboside (NR), a recently described natural NAD(+) precursor with the ability to increase NAD(+) levels, Sir2-dependent gene silencing, and replicative life span in yeast. We show that NR supplementation in mammalian cells and mouse tissues increases NAD(+) levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3, culminating in enhanced oxidative metabolism and protection against high-fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities. Consequently, our results indicate that the natural vitamin NR could be used as a nutritional supplement to ameliorate metabolic and age-related disorders characterized by defective mitochondrial function.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Additionally, NR has been shown to prevent and improve metabolic disorders such as high-fat diet- induced obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).”
From NAD+ Precursors Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR): Potential Dietary Contribution to Health (2023) · cites this paper as [95]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“By increasing NAD+ levels in mice’s liver and muscle, NR supplementation (400 mg/kg/day) stimulated SIRT1 and SIRT3 activity, enhancing the mitochondrial function, oxidative metabolism, energy expenditure, and endurance performance [95].”
From NAD+ Precursors Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR): Potential Dietary Contribution to Health (2023) · cites this paper as [95]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“It promoted metabolic flexibility by enhancing energy expenditure, leading to a significant attenuation of high-fat diet-induced body weight gain and a decrease in fat mass, particularly in the liver, where triglyceride levels decreased by 40% [95].”
From NAD+ Precursors Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR): Potential Dietary Contribution to Health (2023) · cites this paper as [95]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In addition, NR protected against the detrimental metabolic effects of a high-fat diet, including hyperinsulinemia, elevated levels of total and LDL cholesterol, and weight gain, although it had no effect on body weight when given with a normal chow diet [95].”
From NAD+ Precursors Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR): Potential Dietary Contribution to Health (2023) · cites this paper as [95]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, higher NAD+ levels can promote the deacetylase and deacylase activity of both nuclear SIRT1 and mitochondrial SIRT3, which regulate mitochondrial function and protect from high-fat diet-induced metabolic disease42,81,85–88.”
From NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing (2021) · cites this paper as [81]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, multiple recent studies have shown that NAD+ supplements (NR and NMN), which can restore low NAD+ levels associated with ageing, are also protective against obesity in rodent models81,82,92, suggesting that these supplements could be explored as therapeutics to restore metabolic health in human patients with obesity.”
From NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing (2021) · cites this paper as [81]
In the citing paper
“Altering or disrupting metabolic status, for example as a consequence of a high-fat diet81,82, postpartum weight loss83 and disruption of the circadian rhythm1,83, can lead to lower NAD+ levels, and thereby reduced activity of sirtuins as well as other NAD+-dependent cellular processes (see Supplementary Box 2 for details).”
From NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing (2021) · cites this paper as [81]
In the citing paper
“Addition of exogenous NAD+, or precursor compounds which are converted to NAD+ in vivo, is currently a hot topic in the field of aging biology due to recent successes in enhancing tissue function and health ((Yoshino et al. 2011), (Canto et al. 2012)).”
From The Mitochondrial Acylome Emerges: Proteomics, Regulation by Sirtuins, and Metabolic and Disease Implications (2018) · cites this paper as Canto et al. 2012
In the citing paper
“As already described, increasing NAD+ by exogenous supplementation can protect against obesity ((Canto et al. 2012)) in part by limiting mitochondrial acylation - but can mitochondrial acylation actually cause the disease symptoms associated with excess calorie intake?”
From The Mitochondrial Acylome Emerges: Proteomics, Regulation by Sirtuins, and Metabolic and Disease Implications (2018) · cites this paper as Canto et al. 2012
In the citing paper
“Recently, NAD+ supplementation via its precursors nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide has been shown to enhance SIRT3 function in tissues such as skeletal muscle ((Canto et al. 2012));”
From The Mitochondrial Acylome Emerges: Proteomics, Regulation by Sirtuins, and Metabolic and Disease Implications (2018) · cites this paper as Canto et al. 2012
In the citing paper
“the dosage scheme used in this study was insufficient to induce deacetylation in neurons, but longer-term or higher-dose administration may yet offer the best path towards assisting SIRT3 in neuronal deacetylation.”
From The Mitochondrial Acylome Emerges: Proteomics, Regulation by Sirtuins, and Metabolic and Disease Implications (2018) · cites this paper as Canto et al. 2012
In the citing paper
“coupled to an increase in mitochondrial to nuclear DNA ratios (a marker of mitochondrial mass)”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [171]
In the citing paper
“The authors proposed that the metabolic action of NR supplementation was mediated through SIRT1”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [171]
In the citing paper
“endurance capacity also increased by ~25% in the NR supplemented mice”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [171]
In the citing paper
“the adaptive response of C2C12 myotubes to NR supplementation was lost following SIRT1 siRNA mediated knockdown.”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [171]
In the citing paper
“principally through an increase in energy expenditure and a reduction in cholesterol levels [171].”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [171]
In the citing paper
“NR supplementation protected mice from the deleterious effects of 8 weeks high fat feeding”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [171]
In the citing paper
“and increased mitochondrial protein content.”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [171]
In the citing paper
“Thus NR supplementation appears capable of altering skeletal muscle NAD + content which in turn increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis through a SIRT1-dependent process [171] (Figure 1).”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [171]
In the citing paper
“NR feeding to mice (400 mg/kg/day) resulted in modest increases in skeletal muscle NAD + (~5%) following 1-week supplementation [171].”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [171]
In the citing paper
“Recently, Canto et al (2012) who showed that NR supplementation in C2C12 myotubes increased NAD + content”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [171]
In the citing paper
“For instance, nicotinamide riboside, which is converted to nicotinamide mononucleotide via the NAD+ salvage pathway in eukaryote cells, can boost NAD+ synthesis and can enhance oxidative metabolism and protect mouse tissues from high-fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities (264) by means of PPARγ and antioxidant gene upregulation (265).”
From Metabolic Flexibility as an Adaptation to Energy Resources and Requirements in Health and Disease (2018) · cites this paper as [264]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, NMN252 and nicotinamide riboside255, another NAD+ precursor, increased mitochondrial function and improved glucose homeostasis in obese mice.”
From Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in ageing and age-related diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [255]
In the citing paper
“However, low NAD+ is a causal mechanism for mitochondrial perturbations in age-related pathologies in model organisms49–51.”
From Mitochondrial oxidative capacity and NAD+ biosynthesis are reduced in human sarcopenia across ethnicities (2019) · cites this paper as [51]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Lagouge, M., Argmann, C., Gerhart-Hines, Z., Meziane, H., Lerin, C., Daussin, F., Messadeq, N., Milne, J., Lambert, P., Elliott, P., et al. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.11.013 · Cited by 4,057
Self-citationTranscriptional silencing and longevity protein Sir2 is an NAD-dependent histone deacetylase
Imai, S.-I., Armstrong, C. M., Kaeberlein, M., & Guarente, L. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35001622 · Cited by 3,510
AMPK regulates energy expenditure by modulating NAD+ metabolism and SIRT1 activity
Cantó, C., Gerhart-Hines, Z., Feige, J. N., Lagouge, M., Noriega, L., Milne, J. C., Elliott, P. J., Puigserver, P., & Auwerx, J. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07813 · Cited by 3,300
Self-citationStress-dependent regulation of FOXO transcription factors by the SIRT1 deacetylase
Brunet, A., Sweeney, L. B., Sturgill, J. F., Chua, K. F., Greer, P. L., Lin, Y., Tran, H., Ross, S. E., Mostoslavsky, R., Cohen, H. Y., et al. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1094637 · Cited by 3,239
Nutrient control of glucose homeostasis through a complex of PGC-1α and SIRT1
Rodgers, J. T., Lerin, C., Haas, W., Gygi, S. P., Spiegelman, B. M., & Puigserver, P. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03354 · Cited by 3,160
The Human Sir2 Ortholog, SIRT2, Is an NAD+-Dependent Tubulin Deacetylase
North, B. J., Marshall, B. L., Borra, M. T., Denu, J. M., & Verdin, E. M. (2003) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(03)00038-8 · Cited by 1,542
Yoshino, J., Mills, K. F., Yoon, M. J., & Imai, S.-I. (2011) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.08.014 · Cited by 1,340
Calorie restriction reduces oxidative stress by SIRT3-mediated SOD2 activation
Qiu, X., Brown, K., Hirschey, M. D., Verdin, E., & Chen, D. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.11.015 · Cited by 1,310
A role for the mitochondrial deacetylase Sirt3 in regulating energy homeostasis
Ahn, B.-H., Kim, H.-S., Song, S., Lee, I. H., Liu, J., Vassilopoulos, A., Deng, C.-X., & Finkel, T. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0803790105 · Cited by 1,291
Calnan, D. R., & Brunet, A. (2008) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2008.21 · Cited by 1,170
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–121 of 121
Mitochondrial involvement in skeletal muscle insulin resistance: A case of imbalanced bioenergetics
Affourtit, C. (2016) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics · doi:10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.07.008 · Cited by 67
Antitumor effect of combined NAMPT and CD73 inhibition in an ovarian cancer model
Sociali, G., Raffaghello, L., Magnone, M., Zamporlini, F., Emionite, L., Sturla, L., Bianchi, G., Vigliarolo, T., Nahimana, A., Nencioni, A., et al. (2016) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.6502 · Cited by 70
Lehmann, S., Costa, A. C., Celardo, I., Loh, S. H. Y., & Martins, L. M. (2016) · Cell Death & Disease · doi:10.1038/cddis.2016.72 · Cited by 69
Obesity accelerates cardiovascular ageing
Ruperez, C., Madeo, F., de Cabo, R., Kroemer, G., & Abdellatif, M. (2025) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf216 · Cited by 73
Nutraceutical Activation of Sirt1: A Review
DiNicolantonio, J. J., McCarty, M. F., & O'Keefe, J. H. (2022) · Open Heart · doi:10.1136/openhrt-2022-002171 · Cited by 65
NAD+ in COVID-19 and viral infections
Zheng, M., Schultz, M. B., & Sinclair, D. A. (2022) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2022.02.001 · Cited by 62
Shi, W., Hegeman, M. A., van Dartel, D. A. M., Tang, J., Suarez, M., Swarts, H., van der Hee, B., Arola, L., & Keijer, J. (2017) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201600878 · Cited by 62
Ummarino, S., Mozzon, M., Zamporlini, F., Amici, A., Mazzola, F., Orsomando, G., Ruggieri, S., & Raffaelli, N. (2017) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.032 · Cited by 56
Lloret, A., & Beal, M. F. (2019) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-019-02809-1 · Cited by 52
Harlan, B. A., Pehar, M., Killoy, K. M., & Vargas, M. R. (2019) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201802752r · Cited by 50
Ren, Z., Xu, Y., Li, T., Sun, W., Tang, Z., Wang, Y., Zhou, K., Li, J., Ding, Q., Liang, K., et al. (2022) · Animal Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2022.06.009 · Cited by 44
Yaku, K., Palikhe, S., Iqbal, T., Hayat, F., Watanabe, Y., Fujisaka, S., Izumi, H., Yoshida, T., Karim, M., Uchida, H., et al. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adr1538 · Cited by 40
Role and Potential Mechanisms of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide in Aging
Rahman, S. U., Qadeer, A., & Wu, Z. (2024) · Aging and disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2023.0519-1 · Cited by 34
Uddin, G. M., Youngson, N. A., Chowdhury, S. S., Hagan, C., Sinclair, D. A., & Morris, M. J. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9040791 · Cited by 32
“NR supplementation in food (200–400 mg/kg, ranging from 8–18 weeks) has been shown in multiple studies with HFD fed male mice to protect against body weight gain, to improve glucose tolerance, and to reduce hepatic steatosis, [16,30], lipid accumulation, liver fibrosis [31], and hepatic ER stress [32].”
BackgroundKAWAMURA, T., MORI, N., & SHIBATA, K. (2016) · Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology · doi:10.3177/jnsv.62.272 · Cited by 23
Yu, J., Laybutt, D. R., Kim, L.-J., Quek, L.-E., Wu, L. E., Morris, M. J., & Youngson, N. A. (2021) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00446.2020 · Cited by 24
Nicotinamide Riboside-Conditioned Microbiota Deflects High-Fat Diet-Induced Weight Gain in Mice
Lozada-Fernández, V. V., deLeon, O., Kellogg, S. L., Saravia, F. L., Hadiono, M. A., Atkinson, S. N., Grobe, J. L., & Kirby, J. R. (2022) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.00230-21 · Cited by 23
Importance of Adipose Tissue NAD+ Biology in Regulating Metabolic Flexibility
Franczyk, M. P., Qi, N., Stromsdorfer, K. L., Li, C., Yamaguchi, S., Itoh, H., Yoshino, M., Sasaki, Y., Brookheart, R. T., Finck, B. N., et al. (2021) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqab006 · Cited by 23
Feng, S., Guo, L., Wang, H., Yang, S., & Liu, H. (2023) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-023-04613-8 · Cited by 20
You, B., Dun, Y., Fu, S., Qi, D., Zhang, W., Liu, Y., Qiu, L., Xie, M., & Liu, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.646489 · Cited by 17
Sirtuin activation as a therapeutic approach against inborn errors of metabolism
Bleeker, J. C., & Houtkooper, R. H. (2016) · Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease · doi:10.1007/s10545-016-9939-8 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Cantó, C., Houtkooper, R. H., Pirinen, E., Youn, D. Y., Oosterveer, M. H., Cen, Y., Fernandez-Marcos, P. J., Yamamoto, H., Andreux, P. A., Cettour-Rose, P., Gademann, K., Rinsch, C., Schoonjans, K., Sauve, A. A., & Auwerx, J.
- Affiliations
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- University of Basel (CH)
- Amazentis (Switzerland) (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Auwerx, Johan
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 838-847
- ISSN
- 1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3616313
- OpenAlex
- W2082393205
- Cited by
- 1,238
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 72 · 2025: 109 · 2024: 93 · 2023: 95 · 2022: 112 · 2021: 127 · 2020: 100 · 2019: 99 · 2018: 81 · 2017: 91 · 2016: 77 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 62 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 28.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biochemical and Molecular Research
- Keywords
- nicotinamide riboside, NAD+ precursors, SIRT1, SIRT3, sirtuins, oxidative metabolism, high-fat diet-induced obesity, PARP1, CD38, mitochondrial function, metabolic disorders, dietary supplementation, aging
- MeSH terms
- Superoxide Dismutase 2, Acetylation, Animals, Brain, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Liver, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mitochondria, NAD, Niacinamide, Obesity, Organ Specificity, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen Consumption, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Pyridinium Compounds, Receptors, Nicotinic, Superoxide Dismutase, Weight Gain, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements, Electron Transport Complex I, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Mice, Sirtuin 1, Sirtuin 3, HEK293 Cells, Diet, High-Fat
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
