Multi-transmitter neurons in the mammalian central nervous system
Open accessAbstract
It is firmly established that many mammalian neurons release various combinations of amino acids, their derivatives, and other small molecules from presynaptic terminals in order to signal to their postsynaptic targets. Here we discuss recent findings about four types of multi-transmitter neurons-those that release GABA and acetylcholine (Ach); dopamine (DA) and GABA or glutamate; and glutamate and GABA. The mechanisms of co-release in each class differ and highlight the complex and dynamic nature of neurotransmitter release. Furthermore, identifying the neurotransmitter signature of each neuron and the post-synaptic targets of each neurotransmitter remain challenging. The existence of multi-transmitter neurons complicates the interpretation of connectomic wiring diagrams and poses interesting challenges for our understanding of circuit function in the brain.
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Many neurotransmitter co-release patterns had been documented previously.
“Although many of these neurotransmitter co-release patterns had been documented previously55–57”
From A high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial atlas of cell types in the whole mouse brain (2023) · cites this paper as [55]
These overlaps in expression of canonical marker genes are consistent with the release of multiple neurotransmitters by individual neurons, especially by monoaminergic neurons.
“These overlaps in expression of ‘canonical’ marker genes are consistent with the release of multiple neurotransmitters by individual neurons, especially by monoaminergic neurons (Granger et al., 2017).”
From Molecular and anatomical organization of the dorsal raphe nucleus (2019) · cites this paper as Granger et al., 2017
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- Authors
- Granger, A. J., Wallace, M. L., & Sabatini, B. L.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sabatini, Bernardo L
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-08
- Volume
- 45
- Pages
- 85-91
- ISSN
- 0959-4388 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5609825
- OpenAlex
- W2612253599
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 1.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (RO1NS046579)
- Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund for Medical Research
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- CO release, GABA, acetylcholine, dopamine, glutamate, neurotransmitter release mechanism, presynaptic terminals, connectomics, neural circuit function, postsynaptic targets
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Central Nervous System, Mammals, Synaptic Transmission, Neurons
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