The importance of nutrition in aiding recovery from substance use disorders: a review
Abstract
Background Nutrition is a prerequisite for health; yet, there is no special nutritional assessment or guidance for drug and alcohol dependent individuals, despite the fact that their food consumption is often very limited, risking malnutrition. Further, the premise is examined that malnutrition may promote drug seeking and impede recovery from substance use disorders (SUD).Method A narrative review addressed the relationship between substance use disorders and nutrition, including evidence for malnutrition, as well as their impact on metabolism and appetite regulation. The implications of the biopsychology of addiction and appetite for understanding the role of nutrition in SUD were also considered.Results The literature overwhelmingly finds that subjects with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug use disorder (DUD) typically suffer from nutrient deficiencies. These nutrient deficiencies may be complicit in the alcoholic myopathy, osteopenia and osteoporosis, and mood disorders including anxiety and depression, observed in AUD and DUD. These same individuals have also been found to have altered body composition and altered hormonal metabolic regulators. Additionally, brain processes fundamental for survival are stimulated both by food, particularly sweet foods, and by substances of abuse, with evidence supporting confusion (addiction transfer) when recovering from SUD between cravings for a substance and craving for food.Conclusion Poor nutritional status in AUD and DUD severely impacts their physical and psychological health, which may impede their ability to resist substances of abuse and recover their health. This review contributes to a better understanding of interventions that could best support individuals with substance use disorders.
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Most of the opioid research has been conducted during methadone maintenance, due to the difficulties conducting research on individuals using illicit drugs.
“Additionally, most of the opioid research has been conducted during methadone maintenance (162, 168–170), due to the difficulties conducting research on individuals using illicit drugs.”
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Emerging data suggests that nutrition may be a useful adjunct for biological as well as social intervention.
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- Authors
- Jeynes, K. D., & Gibson, E. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Roehampton (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Gibson, E. Leigh
- ORCID
- Gibson, E. Leigh
- Venue
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-10
- Volume
- 179
- Pages
- 229-239
- ISSN
- 0376-8716 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2744507838
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 174
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 0.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd
- Efamol Ltd
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency
- Keywords
- substance use disorders, nutrition, malnutrition, alcoholism, drug use disorders, nutritional deficiency, appetite regulation, metabolism, food cravings, recovery, osteoporosis, alcoholic myopathy, body composition, hormonal regulation, mood disorders
- MeSH terms
- Alcoholism, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Nutritional Status, Comorbidity, Mood Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders
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