Addiction circuitry in the human brain

Volkow, Nora D.; Wang, Gene-Jack; Fowler, Joanna S.; Tomasi, Dardo

doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010611-134625

Cited by 593Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Addiction circuitry in the human brain

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Volkow, Nora D., Wang, Gene-Jack, Fowler, Joanna S., Tomasi, Dardo·2012·Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology

DOI 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010611-134625PMC PMC3477468

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Abstract

A major challenge in understanding substance-use disorders lies in uncovering why some individuals become addicted when exposed to drugs, whereas others do not. Although genetic, developmental, and environmental factors are recognized as major contributors to a person's risk of becoming addicted, the neurobiological processes that underlie this vulnerability are still poorly understood. Imaging studies suggest that individual variations in key dopamine-modulated brain circuits, including circuits involved in reward, memory, executive function, and motivation, contribute to some of the differences in addiction vulnerability. A better understanding of the main circuits affected by chronic drug use and the influence of social stressors, developmental trajectories, and genetic background on these circuits is bound to lead to a better understanding of addiction and to more effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of substance-use disorders.

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Reductions in executive functions are both vulnerability factors and consequences of addictive behaviors including substance-use disorders.
“Reductions in executive functions have considered both as vulnerability factors and consequences of addictive behaviors including substance-use disorders (Volkow et al., 2012).”
From The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model for addictive behaviors: Update, generalization to addictive behaviors beyond internet-use disorders, and specification of the process character of addictive behaviors (2019) · cites this paper as Volkow et al., 2012
The NAc is regarded as the reward circuitry's center and is strongly implicated in substance use and craving.
“The primary subcortical brain target is the nucleus accumbens (NAc) which is considered the center of the reward circuitry and heavily implicated in substance use and craving [18–22].”
From Transcranial magnetic stimulation, deep brain stimulation, and other forms of neuromodulation for substance use disorders: Review of modalities and implications for treatment (2020) · cites this paper as [22]

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Fast uptake and long-lasting binding of methamphetamine in the human brain: Comparison with cocaine
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Identification of Brain Nuclei Implicated in Cocaine-Primed Reinstatement of Conditioned Place Preference: A Behaviour Dissociable from Sensitization
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Region-Specific Changes in the Subcellular Distribution of AMPA Receptor GluR1 Subunit in the Rat Ventral Tegmental Area after Acute or Chronic Morphine Administration
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Brain imaging studies in human addicts
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fMRI of Cocaine Self-Administration in Macaques Reveals Functional Inhibition of Basal Ganglia
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Repeated cocaine exposure decreases dopamine D2‐like receptor modulation of Ca2+homeostasis in rat nucleus accumbens neurons
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Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific Internet-use disorders: An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model
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“…that both internal and xternal stimuli may be conditioned within an addiction process vioral Reviews 71 (2016) 252–266 (Kalivas and Volkow, 2005; Volkow et al., 2012) and may then trigger affective and cognitive processes resulting in the decision to use the Internet application/site of choice.”
The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model for addictive behaviors: Update, generalization to addictive behaviors beyond internet-use disorders, and specification of the process character of addictive behaviors
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“Reductions in stimuli-specific inhibitory control may develop based on cue-reactivity and craving and be accompanied by functional brain changes in addiction-related circuits (Ersche et al., 2012; Koob & Volkow, 2010; Volkow & Morales, 2015; Volkow et al., 2012).”
The behavioral economics of substance use disorders: reinforcement pathologies and their repair
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Obesity and the brain: how convincing is the addiction model?
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The behavioral, anatomical and pharmacological parallels between social attachment, love and addiction
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Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): II. Externalizing superspectrum
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Definition of Substance and Non-substance Addiction
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Neural substrates of cue reactivity: association with treatment outcomes and relapse
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Localization of PPAR isotypes in the adult mouse and human brain
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Biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease (recent update)
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Circuitry of self-control and its role in reducing addiction
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Contributions of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus in the regulation of stress, motivation, and mood
Hsu, D. T., Kirouac, G. J., Zubieta, J.-K., & Bhatnagar, S. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00073 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
The brain disease model of addiction: is it supported by the evidence and has it delivered on its promises?
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Striatocortical pathway dysfunction in addiction and obesity: differences and similarities
Tomasi, D. G., & Volkow, N. D. (2012) · Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.3109/10409238.2012.735642 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
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Decreased dopamine brain reactivity in marijuana abusers is associated with negative emotionality and addiction severity
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G., Telang, F., Fowler, J. S., Alexoff, D. L., Logan, J., Jayne, M. C., Wong, C., & Tomasi, D. G. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1411228111 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
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Chapter 1. Neurocircuitry of Addiction
Koob, G. F., & Volkow, N. D. (2021) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615373970.kb01 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
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Intracranial Self-Stimulation to Evaluate Abuse Potential of Drugs
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Neuropathology of substance use disorders
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Brain size, sex, and the aging brain
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Social “wanting” dysfunction in autism: neurobiological underpinnings and treatment implications
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Musical pleasure and reward: mechanisms and dysfunction
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The role of reward circuitry and food addiction in the obesity epidemic: An update
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The research domain criteria framework: The case for anterior cingulate cortex
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Structural and functional correlates of smartphone addiction
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Does a Shared Neurobiology for Foods and Drugs of Abuse Contribute to Extremes of Food Ingestion in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa?
Kaye, W. H., Wierenga, C. E., Bailer, U. F., Simmons, A. N., Wagner, A., & Bischoff‐Grethe, A. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.01.002 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Caffeine Increases Striatal Dopamine D2/D3 Receptor Availability in the Human Brain
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Logan, J., Alexoff, D., Fowler, J. S., Thanos, P. K., Wong, C., Casado, V, Ferre, S., & Tomasi, D. (2015) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2015.46 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
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Dual role of nicotine in addiction and cognition: A review of neuroimaging studies in humans
Jasinska, A. J., Zorick, T. S., Brody, A. L., & Stein, E. A. (2013) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.02.015 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
A commentary on the associations among ‘food addiction’, binge eating disorder, and obesity: Overlapping conditions with idiosyncratic clinical features
Davis, C. A. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.11.001 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
ADHD, stimulant treatment in childhood and subsequent substance abuse in adulthood - a naturalistic long-term follow-up study.
Dalsgaard, S., Mortensen, P. B., Frydenberg, M., & Thomsen, P. H. (2014) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.09.002 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Compulsivity in anorexia nervosa: a transdiagnostic concept
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New perspectives on catecholaminergic regulation of executive circuits: evidence for independent modulation of prefrontal functions by midbrain dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons
Chandler, D. J., Waterhouse, B. D., & Gao, W. (2014) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2014.00053 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery for Alcohol Addiction
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Gender-related Differences in Food Craving and Obesity.
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Individual differences underlying susceptibility to addiction: Role for the endogenous oxytocin system
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Repeated Binge-Like Ethanol Drinking Alters Ethanol Drinking Patterns and Depresses Striatal GABAergic Transmission
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Cue reactivity and its relation to craving and relapse in alcohol dependence: a combined laboratory and field study
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Immunomodulatory Effects Mediated by Dopamine
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Stimulant-induced dopamine increases are markedly blunted in active cocaine abusers
Volkow, N. D., Tomasi, D., Wang, G.-J., Logan, J., Alexoff, D. L., Jayne, M., Fowler, J. S., Wong, C., Yin, P., & Du, C. (2014) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2014.58 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
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21st century neurobehavioral theories of decision making in addiction: Review and evaluation
Bickel, W. K., Mellis, A. M., Snider, S. E., Athamneh, L. N., Stein, J. S., & Pope, D. A. (2018) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2017.09.009 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
CREB phosphorylation regulates striatal transcriptional responses in the self-administration model of methamphetamine addiction in the rat
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Extrastriatal dopaminergic abnormalities of DA homeostasis in Parkinson's patients with medication-induced pathological gambling: A [11C] FLB-457 and PET study
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A neural network for information seeking
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Recent advances in quantitative neuroproteomics
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Efficacy of invasive and non-invasive brain modulation interventions for addiction
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The Genetics of Substance Dependence
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Genetic variation and dopamine D2 receptor availability: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human in vivo molecular imaging studies
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Remembering the forgotten non-communicable diseases
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Understanding adolescents’ problematic Internet use from a social/cognitive and addiction research framework
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Integrative Hedonic and Homeostatic Food Intake Regulation by the Central Nervous System: Insights from Neuroimaging
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Changes in Cerebral CB1Receptor Availability after Acute and Chronic Alcohol Abuse and Monitored Abstinence
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Overlapping patterns of brain activation to food and cocaine cues in cocaine abusers
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Neuropsychological Consequences of Chronic Drug Use: Relevance to Treatment Approaches
Cadet, J. L., & Bisagno, V. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00189 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Reexposure to nicotine during withdrawal increases the pacemaking activity of cholinergic habenular neurons
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Merging Theoretical Models and Therapy Approaches in the Context of Internet Gaming Disorder: A Personal Perspective
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Chronic exposure to a gambling-like schedule of reward predictive stimuli can promote sensitization to amphetamine in rats
Zack, M., Featherstone, R. E., Mathewson, S., & Fletcher, P. J. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00036 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Physician Education in Addiction Medicine
Wood, E., Samet, J. H., & Volkow, N. D. (2013) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2013.280377 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
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Established risk factors for addiction fail to discriminate between healthy gamers and gamers endorsing DSM-5 Internet gaming disorder
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Sympathoneural and Adrenomedullary Responses to Mental Stress
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Asymmetrical frontal cortical activity associated with differential risk for mood and anxiety disorder symptoms: An RDoC perspective
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PET imaging reveals brain functional changes in internet gaming disorder
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Differential striatal spine pathology in Parkinson’s disease and cocaine addiction: A key role of dopamine?
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The Role of Adenosine Receptors in Psychostimulant Addiction
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Adolescent Maturational Transitions in the Prefrontal Cortex and Dopamine Signaling as a Risk Factor for the Development of Obesity and High Fat/High Sugar Diet Induced Cognitive Deficits
Reichelt, A. C. (2016) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00189 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Neural and Behavioral Effects of a Novel Mu Opioid Receptor Antagonist in Binge-Eating Obese People
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Effects of Age and Sex on Subcortical Volumes
Wang, Y., Xu, Q., Luo, J., Hu, M., & Zuo, C. (2019) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2019.00259 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Unexpected global impact of VTA dopamine neuron activation as measured by opto-fMRI
Lohani, S., Poplawsky, A. J., Kim, S.-G., & Moghaddam, B. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.102 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Stimulation of in vivo dopamine transmission and intravenous self-administration in rats and mice by JWH-018, a Spice cannabinoid
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Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex reduces resting-state insula activity and modulates functional connectivity of the orbitofrontal cortex in cigarette smokers
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Authors: Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J. S., & Tomasi, D.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Brookhaven National Laboratory (US)
ORCID: Volkow, Nora D.
Wang, Gene-Jack
Tomasi, Dardo
Venue: Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2012-02-10
Volume: 52
Issue: 1
Pages: 321-336
ISSN: 0362-1642 (ISSN-L)
1545-4304
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010611-134625
PMC: PMC3477468
OpenAlex: W2111986556
Cited by: 592
References: 91
Citations by year: 2026: 28 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 58 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 3.72
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (ZIAAA000550)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: addiction, substance use disorders, dopamine, reward systems, brain circuits, chronic drug use, social stress, developmental trajectories, genetic background, memory, executive function, motivation, addiction prevention, addiction treatment
MeSH terms: Affect, Brain, Dopamine, Humans, Memory, Stress, Psychological, Behavior, Addictive, Substance-Related Disorders, Executive Function

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