Cited by 295Acute Myeloid Leukemia ResearchEpigenetics and DNA MethylationImmune cells in cancer

Tet2 restrains inflammatory gene expression in macrophages

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Cull, Alyssa H., Snetsinger, Brooke, Buckstein, Rena, Wells, Richard A., Rauh, Michael J.·2017·Experimental Hematology

Abstract

Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) is one of the earliest and most frequently mutated genes in clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and myeloid cancers, including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). TET2 catalyzes the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, leading to DNA demethylation, and also affects transcription by recruiting histone modifiers. Inactivating TET2 mutations cause epigenetic dysregulation, clonal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) dominance, and monocytic lineage skewing. Here, we found that Tet2 was the most highly expressed Tet enzyme in murine macrophage (MΦ) differentiation. Tet2 transcription was further induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but not interleukin (IL)-4, stimulation, potentially in a nuclear factor κβ-dependent manner. Tet2 loss did not affect early LPS gene responses in vitro, but increased Il-1b, Il-6, and Arginase 1 (Arg1) mRNA expression at later stages of stimulation in bone-marrow-derived MΦs (BMMΦs). Tet2-deficient peritoneal MΦs, however, demonstrated profound, constitutive expression of LPS-induced genes associated with an inflammatory state in vivo. In contrast, Tet2 deficiency did not affect alternative MΦ gene expression significantly in response to IL-4. These results suggested impaired resolution of inflammation in the absence of Tet2 both in vitro and in vivo. For the first time, we also detected TET2 mutations in BMMΦs from MDS and CMML patients and assayed their effects on LPS responses, including their potential influence on human IL-6 expression. Our results show that Tet2 restrains inflammation in murine MΦs and mice, raising the possibility that loss of TET2 function in MΦs may alter the immune environment in the large elderly population with TET2-mutant CHIP and in TET2-mutant myeloid cancer patients.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.08.001

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  • A role for TET2 during the resolution of inflammation has also been described in bone-derived macrophages.

    “A role for TET2 during the resolution of inflammation has also been described in bone-derived macrophages (Cull et al., 2017).”

    From TET2 Regulates the Neuroinflammatory Response in Microglia (2019) · cites this paper as Cull et al., 2017

  • Many CH-associated mutations themselves contribute to increased inflammatory signaling, including mutations in TET2, FLT3, JAK2, STAT1, CBL, and RAS.

    “Since many CH-associated mutations themselves contribute to increased inflammatory signaling, including mutations in TET2, FLT3, JAK2, STAT1, CBL, and RAS (Azrakhsh et al., 2019; Cull et al., 2017; Jaiswal et al., 2017)”
  • In the context of CHIP, Tet2 loss-of-function mutations in myeloid cells result in increased proinflammatory responses, with reported increases in both IL-1 and IL-6 production.

    “in the context of CHIP, Tet2 loss-of-function mutations in myeloid cells result in increased proinflammatory responses, with reported increases in both IL-124,43 and IL-6 production,27”
  • Il1b, IL8 family chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators show increased expression in Tet2-deficient macrophages challenged with low-density lipoprotein or endotoxin.

    “also found that Il1b, IL8 family chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators show increased expression in Tet2-deficient macrophages challenged with low-density lipoprotein or endotoxin 79,86,92”

    From Clonal hematopoiesis in human aging and disease (2019) · cites this paper as [92]

  • Subsequent studies have confirmed over-expression of Il6 in Tet2-deficient macrophages challenged with low-density lipoprotein or endotoxin.

    “Subsequent studies have confirmed the over-expression of Il6”

    From Clonal hematopoiesis in human aging and disease (2019) · cites this paper as [92]

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Authors
Cull, A. H., Snetsinger, B., Buckstein, R., Wells, R. A., & Rauh, M. J.
Affiliations
  • Queen's University (CA)
  • Sunnybrook Health Science Centre (CA)
Corresponding author
Rauh, Michael J.
Venue
Experimental Hematology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-11
Volume
55
Pages
56-70.e13
ISSN
0301-472X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2749902186
Cited by
295
References
62
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 7
FWCI
17.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Experimental Hematology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Queen's University
  • Canada Foundation for Innovation
  • Ontario Institute for Cancer Research
  • Southeastern Ontario Academic Medical Organization
  • Women's Giving Circle/University Hospitals Kingston Foundation
  • Queen's University Terry Fox Foundation Training Program in Transdisciplinary Cancer Research
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
Keywords
TET2, macrophages, inflammation resolution, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, DNA demethylation, clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential, myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, lipopolysaccharide response, NF-κB, interleukin-6, IL-1β, arginase-1, alternative macrophage activation, epigenetic dysregulation
MeSH terms
Animals, Arginase, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Cells, Cultured, DNA-Binding Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Inflammation, Lipopolysaccharides, Macrophages, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mutation, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic, Interleukin-6, Mice, Knockout, Dioxygenases, Interleukin-1beta

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