Assessing the in vivo data on low/no-calorie sweeteners and the gut microbiota
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Low/no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) are continually under the spotlight in terms of their safety and benefits; in 2014 a study was published linking LNCS to an enhanced risk of glucose intolerance through modulation of the gut microbiota. In response, an in-depth review of the literature was undertaken to evaluate the major contributors to potential changes in the gut microbiota and their corresponding sequelae, and to determine if consuming LNCS (e.g., acesulfame K, aspartame, cyclamate, neotame, saccharin, sucralose, steviol glycosides) contributes to changes in the microbiome based on the data reported in human and animal studies. A few rodent studies with saccharin have reported changes in the gut microbiome, but primarily at high doses that bear no relevance to human consumption. This and other studies suggesting an effect of LNCS on the gut microbiota were found to show no evidence of an actual adverse effect on human health. The sum of the data provides clear evidence that changes in the diet unrelated to LNCS consumption are likely the major determinants of change in gut microbiota numbers and phyla, confirming the viewpoint supported by all the major international food safety and health regulatory authorities that LNCS are safe at currently approved levels.
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Nonnutritive sweeteners have been linked to detrimental effects on microbial diversity and composition and decreased butyrate concentration, but evidence is inconsistent, with some reports concluding no clear effects or that only some sweeteners impact the microbial profile.
“Although earlier human studies indicated detrimental effects on microbial diversity and composition (99, 100) and a more recent study linked consumption of nonnutritive sweeteners to a “dysbiosis” [an increasingly redundant term in microbiome research (171)] and a decrease in butyrate concentration (172), some reports have concluded that no clear effects of sweeteners on the microbiota can be”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [170]
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Empfehlungen zur Ernährung von Personen mit Typ-1-Diabetes mellitus
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- Authors
- Lobach, A. R., Roberts, A., & Rowland, I. R.
- Affiliations
- Intertek (Canada) (CA)
- University of Reading (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Roberts, Ashley
- Venue
- Food and Chemical Toxicology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-02
- Volume
- 124
- Pages
- 385-399
- ISSN
- 0278-6915 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2904489727
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 8
- FWCI
- 1.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Food and Chemical Toxicology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CentAUR (University of Reading) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- FDA
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, saccharin, sucralose, steviol glycosides, aspartame, cyclamate, neotame, acesulfame-K, impaired glucose tolerance, sweetener safety, rodent studies
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Humans, Sweetening Agents
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