Androgen Excess- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society: position statement on depression, anxiety, quality of life, and eating disorders in polycystic ovary syndrome
Open accessAbstract
Objective To formulate clinical consensus recommendations for screening depression, anxiety, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and disordered eating symptoms in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and review prevalence based on phenotypes and ethnicity, changes over time, etiology, and impact of treatment.Design Systematic reviews and preparation of position statement.Setting Not applicable.Patient(s) Women with PCOS and controls screened using validated tools.Intervention(s) None.Main outcome measure(s) Depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, disordered eating, and HRQoL scores.Result(s) Several studies demonstrate that women with PCOS have an increased prevalence of higher depression and anxiety scores and higher odds of moderate and severe depressive and anxiety symptoms compared with controls. Obesity, hyperandrogenism, and fertility have a weak association with these symptoms. HRQoL scores are consistently reduced in PCOS, with infertility and weight concerns having the most significant impact. Some studies suggest an increased prevalence of disordered eating in women with PCOS compared with controls. The few studies that have evaluated the impact of PCOS-related treatments (lifestyle interventions and pharmacotherapy) show no detrimental effect or some improvement in depressive and anxiety symptoms and HRQoL scores.Conclusion(s) In women with PCOS, screening for depressive and anxiety symptoms should be offered at the time of diagnosis and screening for disordered eating should be considered. Further research is required across PCOS phenotypes, in longitudinal cohorts and on impact of therapy on depressive and anxiety syptoms, HRQOL, and disordered eating.
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PCOS is associated with increased co-morbidities including obesity, infertility, pregnancy complications, depression and anxiety, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, reproductive cancers and cardiovascular disease.
“PCOS is associated with increased co-morbidities including obesity, infertility, pregnancy complications, depression and anxiety, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, reproductive cancers and cardiovascular disease [3, 7, 8, 10–13].”
From Challenges in diagnosis and health care in polycystic ovary syndrome in Canada: a patient view to improve health care (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
The opening section (‘T’; page not provided) describes infertility, pregnancy complications and type 2 diabetes as features of PCOS. It also reports increased depressive and anxiety symptoms in women with PCOS. The copy discusses obesity and metabolic syndrome in relation to depressive symptoms, but does not establish the claimed increased association with reproductive cancers or cardiovascular disease. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIndividuals with PCOS experience significant impacts on their quality of life related to irregular menstrual cycles, heavy menstrual bleeding, infertility, hirsutism, acne, obesity, and cardiometabolic disease risk.
“Individuals with PCOS experience significant impacts on their quality of life related to irregular menstrual cycles, heavy menstrual bleeding, infertility, hirsutism, acne, obesity, and cardiometabolic disease risk [3, 8, 15].”
From Challenges in diagnosis and health care in polycystic ovary syndrome in Canada: a patient view to improve health care (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
The HRQoL in Women with PCOS section (page unavailable) reports reduced quality-of-life scores and identifies menstruation, hirsutism, infertility, and weight as affected domains; it also describes an acne domain in a quality-of-life questionnaire. The copy does not specifically link heavy menstrual bleeding or cardiometabolic disease risk to reduced quality of life, so the full list is not supported. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIndividuals with PCOS experience decreased psychological and emotional well-being, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, negative self-image and impaired sexual function.
“In addition, they experience decreased psychological and emotional well-being, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, negative self-image and impaired sexual function [8, 16–19].”
From Challenges in diagnosis and health care in polycystic ovary syndrome in Canada: a patient view to improve health care (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
The sections on depression, anxiety, disordered eating, and health-related quality of life report increased symptoms or reduced well-being in women with PCOS; the quality-of-life section also identifies poor body image and low self-esteem. The passages found do not address impaired sexual function, so the source supports most, but not all, of the attributed list (pages unavailable in our copy). (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDepression and anxiety in those affected by PCOS are also risk factors for eating disorders.
“Depression and anxiety in those affected by PCOS are also risk factors for eating disorders [8, 18, 61–63].”
From Challenges in diagnosis and health care in polycystic ovary syndrome in Canada: a patient view to improve health care (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
The “Disordered Eating and ED in PCOS” section reports that women with PCOS who had anxiety or depressive symptoms were at increased risk of disordered eating, and that depressed women with PCOS were more likely to have binge-eating disorder. The evidence for anxiety concerns disordered eating, not a diagnosed eating disorder; the reported associations also do not establish depression or anxiety as causal risk factors. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThis is concerning given the established evidence of increased depression, anxiety, eating disorders and other mental illnesses in those affected with PCOS.
“This is concerning given the established evidence of increased depression, anxiety, eating disorders and other mental illnesses in those affected with PCOS [3, 8, 57–59].”
From Challenges in diagnosis and health care in polycystic ovary syndrome in Canada: a patient view to improve health care (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
The Depressive Symptoms and Anxiety Symptoms sections report increased depression and anxiety in women with PCOS. The Summary of evidence reports increased eating disorders, but says the degree of risk is unclear because studies are few; the Conclusions call this early evidence. The paper does not establish increased prevalence of other mental illnesses generally. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Women with PCOS have an increased prevalence of mental health disorders, and an increased psychosocial and economic burden attributable to anxiety, depression, and eating disorders.
“In addition, women with PCOS have an increased prevalence of mental health disorders, and an increased psychosocial and economic burden attributable to anxiety, depression, and eating disorders.2,7,28, 29, 30”
From Increased Prevalence of Adverse Health Outcomes Across the Lifespan in Those Affected by Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Canadian Population Cohort (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
The sections on depression, anxiety, and disordered eating in PCOS report increased symptoms or disorders, while the HRQoL in Women with PCOS section reports reduced quality of life associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms (page numbers unavailable). Our copy does not establish an increased economic burden in women with PCOS attributable to anxiety, depression, or eating disorders. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn PCOS, the prevalence of depression and anxiety is 30%-50%, with an odds ratio of 1.4 to >2.5.
“In particular, the prevalence of depression and anxiety in those with PCOS has been reported to be markedly elevated, with a 30%-50% prevalence and an odds ratio of 1.4 to > 2.5 in those with PCOS.7,29,32,127,128”
From Increased Prevalence of Adverse Health Outcomes Across the Lifespan in Those Affected by Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Canadian Population Cohort (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
The Depressive Symptoms and Depression in PCOS section reports 36.6% with abnormal depression scores and an OR of 4.18 for moderate or severe symptoms. The Anxiety Symptoms and Disorders in PCOS section reports 41.9% with anxiety symptoms, an OR of 5.62 for high anxiety scores, and an OR of 1.37 for anxiety disorders. These figures broadly support the stated prevalence and odds-ratio range, but the 30%–50% figures concern symptoms or screening scores, not confirmed diagnoses of depression and anxiety. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDepression and anxiety can impede an individual's ability to follow challenging recommendations such as diet-lifestyle interventions to target body weight.
“In addition, depression and anxiety can impede an individual’s ability to follow challenging recommendations such as diet-lifestyle interventions to target body weight.”
From Challenges in diagnosis and health care in polycystic ovary syndrome in Canada: a patient view to improve health care (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
The prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms is higher in PCOS.
“The prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms is higher in PCOS [67] and PCOS is also associated with more severe symptoms of depression [68].”
From Providing lifestyle advice to women with PCOS: an overview of practical issues affecting success (2021) · cites this paper as [67]
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- NIH Evidence based workshop on polycystic ovary syndrome. 2012. Avail- able at: http://prevention.nih.gov/programs-events/pathways-to-prevention/ workshops/pcos.
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Self-citationAnimal Models to Understand the Etiology and Pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
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Self-citationDietary Interventions: A Promising Treatment for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
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What has sex got to do with it? The role of hormones in the transgender brain
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Anxiety and Depression in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
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“Thus, routine screening for mental illnesses including anxiety, depression and eating disorders at the time of PCOS diagnosis or during follow-up care and referral to psychiatric counselling is recommended for those with PCOS [3, 8, 57, 58].”
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“7,29,32,127,128 Eating disorders can be a product of depression and anxiety in the PCOS patient, and we have shown that eating disorders have a 5.7% prevalence in those with PCOS, and a 40% higher prevalence, as compared to non-PCOS controls.”
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Quality of life and sexual function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive review
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Dysregulated Liver Metabolism and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
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The Psychosocial Impact of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
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Self-citationPolycystic Ovary Syndrome and Reproductive Health: A Comprehensive Review
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Self-citationReshaping the Gut Microbiota Through Lifestyle Interventions in Women with PCOS: A Review
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Management of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome During Pregnancy
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Depressive Symptoms and Control of Emotions among Polish Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
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Preconception depression reduces fertility: a couple-based prospective preconception cohort
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- Authors
- Dokras, A., Stener-Victorin, E., Yildiz, B. O., Li, R., Ottey, S., Shah, D., Epperson, N., & Teede, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Peking University (CN)
- Monash Health (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Dokras, Anuja
- Venue
- Fertility and Sterility
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-05
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 888-899
- ISSN
- 0015-0282 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2804217905
- Cited by
- 285
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 11
- FWCI
- 24.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Fertility and Sterility (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Monash University Research Portal (Monash University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF18OC0033992)
- National Institute of Mental Health (P50MH099910)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, depression, anxiety, health-related quality of life, disordered eating, screening, prevalence, PCOS phenotypes, ethnicity, obesity, hyperandrogenism, infertility, weight concern, lifestyle intervention, pharmacotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Androgens, Anxiety, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Depression, Female, Humans, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Quality of Life, Societies, Medical
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