MOTS-c: a novel mitochondrial-derived peptide regulating muscle and fat metabolism
Open accessAbstract
Mitochondria are ancient organelles that are thought to have emerged from once free-living α-proto-bacteria. As such, they still possess several bacterial-like qualities, including a semi-autonomous genetic system, complete with an independent genome and a unique genetic code. The bacterial-like circular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been described to encode 37 genes, including 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and 13 mRNAs. Two additional peptides reported to originate from the mtDNA, namely humanin (Hashimoto et al., 2001; Ikone et al., 2003; Guo et al., 2003) [1-3] and MOTS-c (mitochondrial ORF of the twelve S c) (Lee et al., 2015) [4], indicate a larger mitochondrial genetic repertoire (Shokolenko and Alexeyev, 2015) [5]. These mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) have profound and distinct biological activities and provide a paradigm-shifting concept of active mitochondrial-encoded signals that act at the cellular and organismal level (i.e. mitochondrial hormone) (da Cunha et al., 2015; Quiros et al., 2016) [6,7]. Considering that mitochondria are the single most important metabolic organelle, it is not surprising that these MDPs have metabolic actions. MOTS-c has been shown to target the skeletal muscle and enhance glucose metabolism. As such, MOTS-c has implications in the regulation of obesity, diabetes, exercise, and longevity, representing an entirely novel mitochondrial signaling mechanism to regulate metabolism within and between cells.
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MOTS-C appears mainly in skeletal muscle.
“The short open reading frame found within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA known as MOTS-C (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c) appears mainly in skeletal muscle and activate AMPK (Lee et al., 2016).”
From Mitochondrial Activity and Dynamics Changes Regarding Metabolism in Ageing and Obesity (2017) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2016
MOTS-C activates AMPK.
“The short open reading frame found within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA known as MOTS-C (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c) appears mainly in skeletal muscle and activate AMPK (Lee et al., 2016).”
From Mitochondrial Activity and Dynamics Changes Regarding Metabolism in Ageing and Obesity (2017) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2016
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Spangenburg, E. E., Jackson, K. C., & Schuh, R. A. (2013) · Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s13105-013-0269-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Hunter, P. (2016) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.15252/embr.201541835 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [83]Li S Laher I Exercise pills: at the starting line Trends PharmacolSci 2015 26439443
- [89]Fuku N The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c: a player in exceptional longevity? Aging Cell 2015 PMC4693465 26289118
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mitochondrial Activity and Dynamics Changes Regarding Metabolism in Ageing and Obesity
López-Lluch, G. (2017) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2016.12.005 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“The short open reading frame found within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA known as MOTS-C (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c) appears mainly in skeletal muscle and activate AMPK (Lee et al., 2016).”
BackgroundThe Oxygen Paradox, the French Paradox, and age-related diseases
Davies, J. M. S., Cillard, J., Friguet, B., Cadenas, E., Cadet, J., Cayce, R., Fishmann, A., Liao, D., Bulteau, A.-L., Derbré, F., et al. (2017) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-017-0002-y · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“…encoded within the mtDNA, has been shown to normalize mitochondrial function and to prevent metabolic deterioration, vascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegeneration, namely the mitochondrial-derived peptides, humanin (Yen et al. 2013), MOTS-c (Lee et al. 2016a), and SHLPs (Cobb et al. 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSystemic Regulators of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Obesity
Sinha, I., Sakthivel, D., & Varon, D. E. (2017) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00029 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lee, C., Kim, K. H., & Cohen, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cohen, Pinchas
- Venue
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 100
- Pages
- 182-187
- ISSN
- 0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5116416
- OpenAlex
- W2396381638
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 1.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Health (1R01GM090311, 1R01ES020812, 1P01AG034906)
- Ellison Medical Foundation
- Zumberge award
- SC-CTSI
- Hanson Thorell Family Research Award
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- MOTS-c, mitochondrial peptides, mitochondrial DNA, humanin, muscle metabolism, fat metabolism, glucose metabolism, obesity, diabetes mellitus, physical activity, longevity, mitochondrial signaling
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, DNA, Mitochondrial, Glucose, Humans, Mitochondria, Signal Transduction, Muscle, Skeletal, Mitochondrial Proteins, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Genes, Mitochondrial, Lipid Metabolism, Mice
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