Immune Responses to the Microbiota at the Intestinal Mucosal Surface
Open accessAbstract
The mammalian intestinal mucosal surface is continuously exposed to a complex and dynamic community of microorganisms. These microbes establish symbiotic relationships with their hosts, making important contributions to metabolism and digestive efficiency. The intestinal epithelial surface is the primary interface between the vast microbiota and internal host tissues. Given the enormous numbers of enteric bacteria and the persistent threat of opportunistic invasion, it is crucial that mammalian hosts monitor and regulate microbial interactions with intestinal epithelial surfaces. Here we discuss recent insights into how the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system collaborate to maintain homeostasis at the luminal surface of the intestinal host-microbial interface. These findings are also yielding a better understanding of how symbiotic host-microbial relationships can break down in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Epithelial pattern recognition receptors recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, of which the TLR family are the most studied, and once activated can recruit inflammatory mediators, cytokine production and chemokine-mediated recruitment of acute inflammatory cells.
“Epithelial pattern recognition receptors recognize molecular patterns unique to bacteria and other microorganisms (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) (Duerkop et al., 2009;Vaishnava et al., 2008) of which the TLR family are the most studied, and once activated can recruit inflammatory mediators, cytokine production and chemokine-mediated recruitment of acute inflammatory cells (Takeda and A”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Duerkop et al., 2009
Structural bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharides provide low-grade tonic stimulation of the innate immune system.
“Structural bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharides provide low-grade tonic stimulation of the innate immune system.”
From The Gut Microbiome and the Brain (2014) · cites this paper as [18]
Structural components of the microbial cell wall continually stimulate the innate immune system to produce cytokines, creating a basal state of immune activation that begins at the intestinal mucosal surface and impacts the entire body.
“Structural components of the microbial cell wall continually stimulate the innate immune system to produce cytokines, creating a basal state of immune activation that begins at the intestinal mucosal surface and impacts the entire body.18”
From The Gut Microbiome and the Brain (2014) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- Duerkop, B. A., Vaishnava, S., & Hooper, L. V.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hooper, Lora V.
- Venue
- Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 368-376
- ISSN
- 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1981600259
- Cited by
- 424
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 2.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 1451 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, host-microbe interactions, intestinal epithelium, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, immune homeostasis, symbiosis, inflammatory bowel disease, mucosal immunity
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Biological, Animals, Epithelium, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Intestinal Mucosa, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Immunity, Mucosal
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