C-Phycocyanin ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and induces regulatory T cells
Abstract
For decades Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis (EAE) has remained as an unsurpassed multiple sclerosis (MS) animal model. C-Phycocyanin (C-Pc) has been reported to exhibit pharmacological properties that may be expected to symptomatically improve EAE and MS. However, in this paper we reveal a basic underlying mechanism that may provide a new approach to the rationale of the overall beneficial effect of this natural antioxidant. We demonstrate that C-Pc is able to trigger mechanisms preventing or downgrading EAE expression and induces a regulatory T cell (Treg) response, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from MS patients. These results agree with reports suggesting that Treg limit acute MS attacks and that C-Pc may act as a neuroprotector and thereby reverts the organic and functional damage in neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, evidence is provided on the antioxidant activity of C-Pc within the CNS, intended to improve the myelin and axonal damage of EAE induced Lewis rats. Our results indicate that specific Treg activation may represent a central and essential mechanism in supporting the therapeutic potential of C-Pc for MS and may lead to new and more effective therapies; this property would then complement and enhance other proven active principles such as interferons (IFN), giving rise to combined therapies.
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C-PC is able to trigger induction of the Treg subset, as evaluated in PBMC from multiple sclerosis patients.
“Pentón-Rol et al. demonstrated that C-PC is able to trigger the induction of the Treg subset, as evaluated also in PBMC from MS patients [153].”
From Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health (2022) · cites this paper as [153]
Phycocyanin seems able to protect axons against demyelination.
“In particular, phycocyanin seems to be able to protect axons against demyelination.”
From Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health (2022) · cites this paper as [153]
Rats treated with C-PC showed compressed, solid and squashed myelin and no signs of axonal breakdown, comparable to control animals.
“Rats treated with C-PC showed compressed, solid and squashed myelin and no signs of axonal breakdown, characteristics comparable to control animals [153].”
From Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health (2022) · cites this paper as [153]
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- Authors
- Pentón-Rol, G., Martínez-Sánchez, G., Cervantes-Llanos, M., Lagumersindez-Denis, N., Acosta-Medina, E. F., Falcón-Cama, V., Alonso-Ramírez, R., Valenzuela-Silva, C., Rodríguez-Jiménez, E., Llópiz-Arzuaga, A., Marín-Prida, J., López-Saura, P. A., Guillén-Nieto, G. E., & Pentón-Arias, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Havana (CU)
- Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CU)
- Venue
- International Immunopharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 29-38
- ISSN
- 1567-5769 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1996971959
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Immunopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Keywords
- C-phycocyanin, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis, regulatory T cells, antioxidant activity, neuroprotection, myelin damage, axonal injury, Lewis rats, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, immunomodulation, interferon therapy
- MeSH terms
- Cyanobacteria, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antioxidants, Brain, Cells, Cultured, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Male, Multiple Sclerosis, Oxidation-Reduction, Phycocyanin, Rats, Inbred Lew, Lipid Peroxidation, Biomarkers, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Rats
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