Beneficial effects of oral administration of C-Phycocyanin and Phycocyanobilin in rodent models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Abstract
The only three oral treatments currently available for multiple sclerosis (MS) target the relapsing forms of the disease and concerns regarding efficacy, safety and tolerability limit their use. Identifying novel oral disease-modifying therapies for MS, targeting both its inflammatory and neurodegenerative components is still a major goal. AIM: The scope of this study was to provide evidence that the oral administration of C-Phycocyanin (C-PC), the main biliprotein of the Spirulina platensis cyanobacteria and its tetrapyrrolic prosthetic group, Phycocyanobilin (PCB), exert ameliorating actions on rodent models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). MAIN METHODS: peptide. Clinical signs, motor function, oxidative stress markers, cytokine levels by ELISA and transmission electron microscopy analysis were assessed. KEY FINDINGS: Either prophylactic or early therapeutic administration of C-PC to Lewis rats with EAE, significantly improved clinical signs and restored the motor function of the animals. Furthermore, C-PC positively modulated oxidative stress markers measured in brain homogenate and serum and protected the integrity of cerebral myelin sheaths as shown by transmission electron microscopy analysis. In C57BL/6 mice with EAE, PCB orally improved clinical status of the animals and reduced the expression levels of brain IL-6 and IFN-γ proinflammatory cytokines. SIGNIFICANCE: These results, for the first time, support the fact that both C-PC and PCB administered orally could potentially improve neuroinflammation, protect from demyelination and axonal loss, which may be translated into an improved quality of life for MS patients.
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PCB administration significantly reduced expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IFN-γ in the brain, positively modulated oxidative stress markers, and preserved the integrity of myelin sheaths in the brain.
“PCB administration resulted in a significant reduction in the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and IFN-γ in the brain, positively modulated oxidative stress markers, and preserved the integrity of myelin sheaths in the brain [95].”
From Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health (2022) · cites this paper as [95]
In rats and mice with EAE, oral C-PC administration improved EAE clinical progression and re-established motor function and motor coordination.
“More recently, in rat and mice with EAE, oral C-PC administration not only improved EAE clinical progression but also re-established motor function and motor coordination.”
From Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health (2022) · cites this paper as [95]
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The Effect of C-Phycocyanin on Microglia Activation Is Mediated by Toll-like Receptor 4
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Phycocyanobilin from Arthrospira platensis: A potential photodynamic anticancer agent
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Analytical Protocols in Phycobiliproteins Analysis
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The Cyanobacterial “Nutraceutical” Phycocyanobilin Inhibits Cysteine Protease Legumain
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Self-citationSpirulina as a Food of the Future
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Phycocyanin diminishes the viability of non-small cell lung cancer cells via induction of autophagy
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Anti-inflammatory compounds from cyanobacteria
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Algal Elixirs: Unraveling the multifaceted impact of Spirulina in human health
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Bioactive Compounds of the Genus Spirulina Can Prevent the Progression of Neurological Diseases
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- Authors
- Cervantes-Llanos, M., Lagumersindez-Denis, N., Marín-Prida, J., Pavón-Fuentes, N., Falcon-Cama, V., Piniella-Matamoros, B., Camacho-Rodríguez, H., Fernández-Massó, J. R., Valenzuela-Silva, C., Raíces-Cruz, I., Pentón-Arias, E., Teixeira, M. M., & Pentón-Rol, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Havana (CU)
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BR)
- Venue
- Life Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-02
- Volume
- 194
- Pages
- 130-138
- ISSN
- 0024-3205 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2780036929
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 2.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Life Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (405800/2013-4)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- C-phycocyanin, phycocyanobilin, multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, oral administration, disease-modifying therapy, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, demyelination, axonal loss, interleukin-6, interferon-gamma, Spirulina platensis
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Brain, Disease Models, Animal, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental, Female, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Phycocyanin, Rats, Inbred Lew, Interleukin-6, Cytokines, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Neuroprotective Agents, Phycobilins, Spirulina
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