Rumination prospectively predicts executive functioning impairments in adolescents
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Background and objectives The current study tested the resource allocation hypothesis, examining whether baseline rumination or depressive symptom levels prospectively predicted deficits in executive functioning in an adolescent sample. The alternative to this hypothesis was also evaluated by testing whether lower initial levels of executive functioning predicted increases in rumination or depressive symptoms at follow-up.Methods A community sample of 200 adolescents (ages 12-13) completed measures of depressive symptoms, rumination, and executive functioning at baseline and at a follow-up session approximately 15 months later.Results Adolescents with higher levels of baseline rumination displayed decreases in selective attention and attentional switching at follow-up. Rumination did not predict changes in working memory or sustained and divided attention. Depressive symptoms were not found to predict significant changes in executive functioning scores at follow-up. Baseline executive functioning was not associated with change in rumination or depression over time.Conclusions Findings partially support the resource allocation hypothesis that engaging in ruminative thoughts consumes cognitive resources that would otherwise be allocated towards difficult tests of executive functioning. Support was not found for the alternative hypothesis that lower levels of initial executive functioning would predict increased rumination or depressive symptoms at follow-up. Our study is the first to find support for the resource allocation hypothesis using a longitudinal design and an adolescent sample. Findings highlight the potentially detrimental effects of rumination on executive functioning during early adolescence.
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Connolly et al. (2014) did not find that executive function at Time 1 predicted depressive symptoms at Time 2.
“unlike the present study, Connolly et al. (2014) did not find that EF at T1 predicted depressive symptoms at T2”
From Executive Function Deficits in Daily Life Prospectively Predict Increases in Depressive Symptoms (2014) · cites this paper as Connolly et al. (2014)
Connolly et al. (2014) found that baseline depressive symptoms did not prospectively predict changes in executive function about 15 months later.
“Connolly et al. (2014) also found that depressive symptoms at baseline did not prospectively predict changes in EF approximately 15 months later.”
From Executive Function Deficits in Daily Life Prospectively Predict Increases in Depressive Symptoms (2014) · cites this paper as Connolly et al. (2014)
Connolly et al. (2014) assessed executive function with conventional laboratory neuropsychological tasks, whereas the present study used a self-report measure.
“Connolly et al. (2014) used conventional laboratory neuropsychological tasks to assess EF, whereas the present study used a self-report measure.”
From Executive Function Deficits in Daily Life Prospectively Predict Increases in Depressive Symptoms (2014) · cites this paper as Connolly et al. (2014)
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- Authors
- Connolly, S. L., Wagner, C. A., Shapero, B. G., Pendergast, L. L., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B.
- Affiliations
- Temple University (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Connolly, Samantha L.
- Venue
- Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-03
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 46-56
- ISSN
- 0005-7916 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4098857
- OpenAlex
- W2060059142
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 12.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH79369)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- rumination, executive function, adolescents, depressive symptoms, selective attention, attentional shift, working memory, sustained attention, divided attention, cognitive resources
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention, Child, Cognition Disorders, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Wechsler Scales, Linear Models, Feeding and Eating Disorders of Childhood, Executive Function
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