The human raphe nuclei and the serotonergic system

Hornung, Jean-Pierre

doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2003.10.002

Cited by 742Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchParkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

The human raphe nuclei and the serotonergic system

Hornung, Jean-Pierre·2003·Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

DOI 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2003.10.002

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Abstract

The raphe nuclei are distributed near the midline of the brainstem along its entire rostro-caudal extension. The serotonergic neurons are their main neuronal components, although a proportion of them lie in subdivisions of the lateral reticular formation. They develop from mesopontine and medullary primordia, and the resulting grouping into rostral and caudal clusters is maintained into adulthood, and is reflected in the connectivity. Thus, the mesencephalon and rostral pons, neurons within the rostral raphe complex (caudal linear, dorsal raphe, and median raphe nuclei) project primarily to the forebrain. By contrast, in the caudal pons and medulla oblongata, neurons within the caudal raphe complex (raphe magnus, raphe obscurus, raphe pallidus nuclei and parts of the adjacent lateral reticular formation) project to the brainstem nuclei and to the spinal cord. The median raphe and dorsal raphe nuclei provide parallel and overlapping projections to many forebrain structures with axon fibers exhibiting distinct structural and functional characteristics. The caudal group of the serotonergic system projects to the brainstem, and, by three parallel projections, to the dorsal, intermediate and ventral columns in the spinal cord. The serotonergic axons arborize over large areas comprising functionally diverse targets. Some projections form classical chemical synapses while many do not, thus contributing to the so-called paracrine or volume transmission. The serotonergic projections participate in the regulation of different functional (motor, somatosensory, limbic) systems; and have been associated with a wide range of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. Finally, recent experimental data support the role of serotonin in modulating brain development, such that a dysfunction in serotonergic transmission during early life could lead to long lasting structural and functional alterations.

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The raphe nuclei play a critical role in regulating serotoninergic tone.
“which are critically involved in regulating serotoninergic tone (40,41)”
From Neuroanatomic differences associated with stress susceptibility and resilience (2016) · cites this paper as [40]

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Authors: Hornung, J.-P.
Affiliations: University of Lausanne (CH)
Corresponding author: Hornung, Jean-Pierre
ORCID: Hornung, Jean-Pierre
Venue: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2003-12
Volume: 26
Issue: 4
Pages: 331-343
ISSN: 0891-0618 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2003.10.002
OpenAlex: W2025623966
Cited by: 742
References: 193
Citations by year: 2026: 32 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 28
FWCI: 0.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
IRIS (submittedVersion)
SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords: raphe nuclei, serotonergic system, serotonin, brainstem, dorsal raphe nucleus, median raphe nucleus, lateral reticular formation, serotonergic projections, neuropsychiatric disorders, brain development, midbrain, passive optical networks, medulla oblongata
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain Diseases, Humans, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Raphe Nuclei, Serotonin

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The human raphe nuclei and the serotonergic system

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