Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy: A pharmaceutical perspective
Abstract
Antioxidants are emerging as prophylactic and therapeutic agents. These are the agents, which scavenge free radicals otherwise reactive oxygen species and prevent the damage caused by them. Free radicals have been associated with pathogenesis of various disorders like cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and are implicated in aging. Several antioxidants like SOD, CAT, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, lycopene, ellagic acid, coenzyme Q10, indole-3-carbinol, genistein, quercetin, vitamin C and vitamin E have been found to be pharmacologically active as prophylactic and therapeutic agents for above mentioned diseases. Antioxidants are part of diet but their bioavailability through dietary supplementation depends on several factors. This major drawback of dietary agents may be due to one or many of the several factors like poor solubility, inefficient permeability, instability due to storage of food, first pass effect and GI degradation. Conventional dosage forms may not result in efficient formulation owing to their poor biopharmaceutical properties. Principles of novel drug delivery systems need to be applied to significantly improve the performance of antioxidants. Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) would also help in delivery of these antioxidants by oral route, as this route is of prime importance when antioxidants are intended for prophylactic purpose. Implication of NDDS for the delivery of antioxidants is largely governed by physicochemical characteristics, biopharmaceutical properties and pharmacokinetic parameters of the antioxidant to be formulated. Recently, chemical modifications, coupling agents, liposomes, microparticles, nanoparticles and gel-based systems have been explored for the delivery of these difficult to deliver molecules. Results from several studies conducted across the globe are positive and provided us with new anticipation for the improvement of human healthcare.
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According to free radical theory, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and inflammation are primary causes of skin aging, disease, and dysfunction.
“According to free radical theory, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and inflammation are the primary causes of skin aging, disease, and dysfunction.”
From Diet and Skin Aging—From the Perspective of Food Nutrition (2020) · cites this paper as [106]
Oxygen-free radicals are ubiquitous in cell metabolism and can interact with DNA, proteins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, causing DNA chain breaks, oxidative damage, protein-protein cross-linking, protein-DNA cross-linking, and lipid metabolism oxidation.
“Oxygen-free radicals are ubiquitous in the process of cell metabolism and can interact with DNA, proteins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the body, causing breaks in the DNA chain and oxidative damage, protein–protein cross-linking, protein–DNA cross-linking, and lipid metabolism oxidation, etc.”
From Diet and Skin Aging—From the Perspective of Food Nutrition (2020) · cites this paper as [106]
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- Authors
- Ratnam, D. V., Ankola, D. D., Bhardwaj, V., Sahana, D. K., & Kumar, M. N. V. R.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Kumar, M.N.V. Ravi
- ORCID
- Kumar, M.N.V. Ravi
- Venue
- Journal of Controlled Release
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-07
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 189-207
- ISSN
- 0168-3659 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2062502442
- Cited by
- 885
- References
- 147
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 3.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Controlled Release (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
- Keywords
- antioxidants, free radicals, reactive oxygen species, disease prevention, drug delivery systems, bioavailability, dietary supplementation, liposomes, nanoparticles, microparticles, oral drug delivery, pharmacokinetics, superoxide dismutase, catalase, epigallocatechin gallate, lycopene, coenzyme Q10, indole-3-carbinol, genistein, quercetin, vitamin C, vitamin E, aging
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Animals, Antioxidants, Biological Availability, Cardiovascular Diseases, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Drug Carriers, Drug Stability, Free Radicals, Humans, Mitochondria, Permeability, Solubility, Free Radical Scavengers, Drug Delivery Systems, Oxidative Stress, Nanotechnology
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