The DOI matches its Crossref record; 123 of the 126 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Compensatory Consumer Behavior Model: How self‐discrepancies drive consumer behavior
Abstract
Consumer goods and services have psychological value that can equal or exceed their functional value. A burgeoning literature demonstrates that one source of value emerges from the capacity for products to serve as a psychological salve that reduces various forms of distress across numerous domains. This review systematically organizes and integrates the literature on the use of consumer behavior as a means to regulate self‐discrepancies, or the incongruities between how one currently perceives oneself and how one desires to view oneself (Higgins, 1987). We introduce a Compensatory Consumer Behavior Model to explain the psychological consequences of self‐discrepancies on consumer behavior. This model delineates five distinct strategies by which consumers cope with self‐discrepancies: direct resolution , symbolic self‐completion , dissociation , escapism , and fluid compensation . Finally, the authors raise critical questions to guide future research endeavors. Overall, the present review provides both a primer on compensatory consumer behavior and sets an agenda for future research.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Likewise, feeling less powerful due to the reminders of mortality can also lead consumers to report a higher need for status and greater willingness to pay for high‐status products, in order to restore feelings of power (Rucker & Galinsky, 2008, 2009) and reinforce their sense of value in society (Mandel et al., 2017) (H4e).”
In the citing paper
“Donation behaviors can be seen as a coping strategy to restore individuals' lost sense of power (Mandel et al., 2017), in response to the heightened mortality salience during the COVID‐19 pandemic.”
In the citing paper
“Consumers often engage in purchasing behaviors to alleviate this death-related anxiety, seeking psychological safety and a sense of belonging.”
From Anthropomorphic Design in Mortality Salience Situations: Exploring Emotional and Non-Emotional Mechanisms Enhancing Consumer Purchase Intentions (2024) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“This not only acts as an emotional regulation strategy but also as a crucial mechanism to counteract death-related anxieties [6].”
From Anthropomorphic Design in Mortality Salience Situations: Exploring Emotional and Non-Emotional Mechanisms Enhancing Consumer Purchase Intentions (2024) · cites this paper as [6]
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Retracted: Super Size Me: Product Size as a Signal of Status
Dubois, D., Rucker, D. D., & Galinsky, A. D. (2011) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/661890 · Cited by 274
Self-citationRetractedThe need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.117.3.497 · Cited by 23,245
An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199269464.003.0005 · Cited by 12,701
The Social psychology of intergroup relations
Austin, W. G., & Worchel, S. (1979) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,577
The Experiential Aspects of Consumption: Consumer Fantasies, Feelings, and Fun
Holbrook, M. B., & Hirschman, E. C. (1982) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/208906 · Cited by 8,275
Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect.
Higgins, E. T. (1987) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.94.3.319 · Cited by 7,219
(1999) · Cited by 6,308
The Social Self: On Being the Same and Different at the Same Time
Brewer, M. B. (1991) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167291175001 · Cited by 5,107
Does Rejection Hurt? An fMRI Study of Social Exclusion
Eisenberger, N. I., Lieberman, M. D., & Williams, K. D. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1089134 · Cited by 3,849
The Psychology of Self-Affirmation: Sustaining the Integrity of the Self
Steele, C. M. (1988) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60229-4 · Cited by 3,697
Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma.
Crocker, J., & Major, B. (1989) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.96.4.608 · Cited by 3,426
Identification in Organizations: An Examination of Four Fundamental Questions
Ashforth, B. E., Harrison, S. H., & Corley, K. G. (2008) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206308316059 · Cited by 3,073
Jost, J. T., Banaji, M. R., & Nosek, B. A. (2004) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2004.00402.x · Cited by 2,883
Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view.
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1990) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.97.1.19 · Cited by 2,726
Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis
Leary, M. R., Tambor, E. S., Terdal, S. K., & Downs, D. L. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.68.3.518 · Cited by 2,519
Binge eating as escape from self-awareness
Heatherton, T. F., & Baumeister, R. F. (1991) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.86 · Cited by 2,259
Is there a universal need for positive self-regard?
Heine, S. J., Lehman, D. R., Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1999) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.106.4.766 · Cited by 2,247 · cited 4×
“Finally, in fluid compensation people address a self-discrepancy by affirming the self in a domain distinct from the domain of the self-discrepancy (Heine et al., 2006; Lisjak et al., 2015). The idea of fluid compensation is a core tenet of self-affirmation theory. Specifically, self-affirmation theory suggests that r…”
InfluentialBaumeister, R. F. (1990) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.97.1.90 · Cited by 1,919 · cited 3×
“In addition, because humans have a strong need to establish and maintain social relationships (Baumeister & Leary, 1995), self-discrepancies can occur when individuals feel socially excluded with regard to an important referent group. Several studies show that when self-discrepancies arise in terms of one's affiliatio…”
InfluentialSelf-control as a limited resource: Regulatory depletion patterns.
Muraven, M., Tice, D. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.774 · Cited by 1,724
A Framework for Conceptual Contributions in Marketing
MacInnis, D. J. (2011) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1509/jmkg.75.4.136 · Cited by 1,547
The Meaning Maintenance Model: On the Coherence of Social Motivations
Heine, S. J., Proulx, T., & Vohs, K. D. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1002_1 · Cited by 1,437
The Costly Pursuit of Self-Esteem
Crocker, J., & Park, L. E. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.392 · Cited by 1,402
Comparison processes in social judgment: Mechanisms and consequences.
Mussweiler, T. (2003) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.110.3.472 · Cited by 1,345
Lacking control increases illusory pattern perception
Whitson, J. A., & Galinsky, A. D. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1159845 · Cited by 1,119
Self-citationThe Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study in the Evolution of Institutions
Veblen, T. B. (2000) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,089
Signaling Threat: How Situational Cues Affect Women in Math, Science, and Engineering Settings
Murphy, M. C., Steele, C. M., & Gross, J. J. (2007) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01995.x · Cited by 1,048
Social Comparison and the Idealized Images of Advertising
Richins, M. L. (1991) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/209242 · Cited by 962
Heart Strings and Purse Strings: Carryover Effects of Emotions on Economic Decisions
Lerner, J. S., Small, D. A., & Loewenstein, G. (2004) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00679.x · Cited by 959
Desire to Acquire: Powerlessness and Compensatory Consumption
Rucker, D. D., & Galinsky, A. D. (2008) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/588569 · Cited by 925
Self-citationGoal Setting and Goal Striving in Consumer Behavior
Bagozzi, R. P., & Dholakia, U. M. (1999) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.2307/1252098 · Cited by 821
Selves in Transition: Symbolic Consumption in Personal Rites of Passage and Identity Reconstruction
Schouten, J. W. (1991) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/208567 · Cited by 792
Dissonance processes as self-affirmation.
Steele, C. M., & Liu, T. J. (1983) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.45.1.5 · Cited by 785
Wicklund, R. A., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315825663 · Cited by 728
The Social Psychology of Stigma.
Chaiklin, H. (2001) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-200111000-00013 · Cited by 685
Too Much of a Good Thing: The Challenge and Opportunity of the Inverted U
Grant, A. M., & Schwartz, B. (2011) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691610393523 · Cited by 668
Conspicuous Consumption and Race*
Charles, K. K., Hurst, E. G., & Roussanov, N. L. (2009) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/qjec.2009.124.2.425 · Cited by 610
Agreeable fancy or disagreeable truth? Reconciling self-enhancement and self-verification.
Swann, W. B., Pelham, B. W., & Krull, D. S. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.57.5.782 · Cited by 605
Agreeable fancy or disagreeable truth? Reconciling self-enhancement and self-verification.
Swann, W. B., Pelham, B. W., & Krull, D. S. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.782 · Cited by 584
A Framework for Conceptual Contributions in Marketing
MacInnis, D. J. (2019) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781788113700.00018 · Cited by 581
Social Exclusion Causes People to Spend and Consume Strategically in the Service of Affiliation
Mead, N. L., Baumeister, R. F., Stillman, T. F., Rawn, C. D., & Vohs, K. D. (2010) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/656667 · Cited by 574
The Self‐Conscious Emotions: Shame, Guilt, Embarrassment and Pride
Tangney, J. P. (1999) · doi:10.1002/0470013494.ch26 · Cited by 555
Self-Control for the Righteous: Toward a Theory of Precommitment to Indulgence
Kivetz, R., & Simonson, I. (2002) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/341571 · Cited by 540
Lee, J., & Shrum, L. J. (2012) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/664039 · Cited by 470
Combating stereotype threat: The effect of self‐affirmation on women's intellectual performance
Martens, A., Johns, M., Greenberg, J., & Schimel, J. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2005.04.010 · Cited by 460
To Be or Not Be? The Influence of Dissociative Reference Groups on Consumer Preferences
White, K., & Dahl, D. W. (2006) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp1604_11 · Cited by 459
Stigma: Introduction and overview.
Dovidio, J. F., Major, B., & Crocker, J. (2000) · Cited by 435
Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (2007) · Encyclopedia of Social Psychology · doi:10.4135/9781412956253.n572 · Cited by 423
Culture, Dissonance, and Self-Affirmation
Heine, S. J., & Lehman, D. R. (1997) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167297234005 · Cited by 413
The Five “A”s of Meaning Maintenance: Finding Meaning in the Theories of Sense-Making
Proulx, T., & Inzlicht, M. (2012) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2012.702372 · Cited by 393
Rucker, D. D., & Galinsky, A. D. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.01.005 · Cited by 389
Self-citationIdentifiable but Not Identical: Combining Social Identity and Uniqueness Motives in Choice
Chan, C., Berger, J. A., & Leaf Van Boven, A. (2012) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/664804 · Cited by 385
The “Shaken Self”: Product Choices as a Means of Restoring Self-View Confidence
Gao, L., Wheeler, S. C., & Shiv, B. (2008) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/596028 · Cited by 373
Overdoing Gender: A Test of the Masculine Overcompensation Thesis
Willer, R., Rogalin, C. L., Conlon, B., & Wojnowicz, M. T. (2013) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/668417 · Cited by 366
Symbolic Self-Completion, Attempted Influence, and Self-Deprecation
Wicklund, R. A., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (1981) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15324834basp0202_2 · Cited by 352
Pugh, S. D., Groth, M., & Hennig-Thurau, T. (2011) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0021395 · Cited by 350
The Influence of Incidental Affect on Consumers’ Food Intake
Garg, N., Wansink, B. C., & Inman, J. J. (2006) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1509/jmkg.71.1.194 · Cited by 343
Generous Paupers and Stingy Princes: Power Drives Consumer Spending on Self versus Others
Rucker, D. D., Dubois, D., & Galinsky, A. D. (2010) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/657162 · Cited by 333
Self-citationPsychological antecedents of conspicuous consumption
Braun, O. L., & Wicklund, R. A. (1989) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/0167-4870(89)90018-4 · Cited by 325
Still Preoccupied with 1995: The Need to Belong and Preference for Nostalgic Products
Loveland, K. E., Smeesters, D., & Mandel, N. (2010) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/653043 · Cited by 325
Self-citationSeeking Freedom through Variety
Levav, J., & Zhu, R. (2009) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/599556 · Cited by 315
Self-citationThree Paths to Disposition: The Movement of Meaningful Possessions to Strangers
Lastovicka, J. L., & Fernandez, K. V. (2005) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/426616 · Cited by 304
Effects of failure on subsequent performance: The importance of self-defining goals.
Brunstein, J. C., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.70.2.395 · Cited by 285
The Horizontal/Vertical Distinction in Cross‐Cultural Consumer Research
Shavitt, S., Lalwani, A. K., Zhang, J., & Torelli, C. J. (2006) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp1604_3 · Cited by 283
Retail therapy: A strategic effort to improve mood
Atalay, A. S., & Meloy, M. G. (2011) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20404 · Cited by 269
When exemplification fails: Hypocrisy and the motive for self-integrity.
Stone, J., Wiegand, A. W., Cooper, J., & Aronson, E. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.72.1.54 · Cited by 268
The Beauty of Boundaries: When and Why We Seek Structure in Consumption
Cutright, K. M. (2012) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/661563 · Cited by 256
Self-Affirmation through the Choice of Highly Aesthetic Products
Townsend, C., & Sood, S. (2012) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/663775 · Cited by 252
Financial Deprivation Prompts Consumers to Seek Scarce Goods
Sharma, E., & Alter, A. L. (2012) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/664038 · Cited by 250
Comparing Dynamic Consumer Choice in Real and Computer-Simulated Environments
Burke, R. R., Harlam, B. A., Kahn, B. E., & Lodish, L. M. (1992) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/209287 · Cited by 249
Better moods for better eating?: How mood influences food choice
Gardner, M. P., Wansink, B. C., 김준용, & Park, S. (2014) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2014.01.002 · Cited by 243
Show Me the Honey! Effects of Social Exclusion on Financial Risk-Taking
Duclos, R., Wan, E. W., & Jiang, Y. (2012) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/668900 · Cited by 218
Effects of anxiety on eating: Does palatability moderate distress-induced overeating in dieters?
Polivy, J., Herman, C. P., & McFarlane, T. (1994) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.103.3.505 · Cited by 209
Truly, Madly, Deeply: Consumers in the Throes of Material Possession Love
Lastovicka, J. L., & Sirianni, N. J. (2011) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/658338 · Cited by 207
Social identity threat and consumer preferences
White, K., & Argo, J. (2009) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2009.03.007 · Cited by 203
Cryder, C. E., Lerner, J. S., Gross, J. J., & Dahl, R. E. (2008) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02118.x · Cited by 203
Explaining the Endowment Effect through Ownership: The Role of Identity, Gender, and Self-Threat
Dommer, S. L., & Swaminathan, V. (2012) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/666737 · Cited by 202
Stereotyping and its threat are real.
Steele, C. M. (1998) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.53.6.680 · Cited by 190
To Be or Not to Be Unique? The Effect of Social Exclusion on Consumer Choice
Wan, E. W., Xu, J., & Ding, Y. (2013) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/674197 · Cited by 189
Confluence of Self-Esteem Regulation Mechanisms: On Integrating the Self-Zoo
Tesser, A., Crepaz, N., Collins, J. C., Cornell, D. P., & Beach, S. R. H. (2000) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672002612003 · Cited by 187
Does self-threat promote social connection? The role of self-esteem and contingencies of self-worth.
Park, L. E., & Maner, J. K. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013933 · Cited by 178
Mandel, N., & Smeesters, D. (2008) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/587626 · Cited by 175
Self-citationSelf-awareness and physical aggression
Scheier, M. F., Fenigstein, A., & Buss, A. H. (1974) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(74)90072-9 · Cited by 170
The Lonely Consumer: Loner or Conformer?
Wang, J., Zhu, R., & Shiv, B. (2012) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/661552 · Cited by 167
Compensatory knowledge signaling in consumer word‐of‐mouth
Packard, G. M., & Wooten, D. B. (2013) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2013.05.002 · Cited by 163
Kim, S., & Gal, D. (2014) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/676681 · Cited by 161
Seeking freedom through variety
Levav, J., & Zhu, J. (2008) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e636742011-054 · Cited by 159
Self-citationGarg, N., & Lerner, J. S. (2012) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2012.05.009 · Cited by 157
Chicken Soup Really Is Good for the Soul
Troisi, J. D., & Gabriel, S. (2011) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611407931 · Cited by 155
The Role of Intimacy in Interpersonal Relations
Reis, H. T. (1990) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.1990.9.1.15 · Cited by 150
Compensatory consumption: why women go shopping when they’re fed up and other stories
Woodruffe, H. R. (1997) · Marketing Intelligence & Planning · doi:10.1108/02634509710193172 · Cited by 144
(1999) · ACR North American Advances · Cited by 144
Self-citationRuud Custers, A., & Aarts, H. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2006.02.005 · Cited by 142
Belk, R. (2010) · Wiley International Encyclopedia of Marketing · doi:10.1002/9781444316568.wiem03037 · Cited by 141
Dan Ariely, C., & Norton, M. I. (2008) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163536 · Cited by 140
Arndt, J., Greenberg, J., Simon, L., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (1998) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672982411008 · Cited by 132
Bracing for the Psychological Storm: Proactive versus Reactive Compensatory Consumption
Kim, S., & Rucker, D. D. (2012) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/665832 · Cited by 125
Self-citationFeeling Like My Self: Emotion Profiles and Social Identity
Coleman, N. V., & Williams, P. (2013) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/669483 · Cited by 118
Cornil, Y., & Chandon, P. (2013) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797613481232 · Cited by 116
Perils of Compensatory Consumption: Within-Domain Compensation Undermines Subsequent Self-Regulation
Lisjak, M., Bonezzi, A., Kim, S., & Rucker, D. D. (2014) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/678902 · Cited by 114
Self-citationUnraveling Priming: When Does the Same Prime Activate a Goal versus a Trait?
Sela, A., & Shiv, B. (2009) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/598612 · Cited by 114
Dommer, S. L., Swaminathan, V., & Ahluwalia, R. (2013) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/671763 · Cited by 105
When Your World Must Be Defended: Choosing Products to Justify the System
Cutright, K. M., Wu, E. C., Banfield, J. C., Kay, A. C., & Fitzsimons, G. J. (2011) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/658469 · Cited by 104
Watching Your Troubles Away: Television Viewing as a Stimulus for Subjective Self-Awareness
Moskalenko, S., & Heine, S. J. (2003) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167202238373 · Cited by 98
Rucker, D. D., Hu, M., & Galinsky, A. D. (2014) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/676598 · Cited by 94
Self-citationThe Common Pain of Surrealism and Death
Randles, D., Heine, S. J., & Santos, N. (2013) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797612464786 · Cited by 82
Motivated Forgetting in Response to Social Identity Threat
Dalton, A. N., & Huang, L. (2013) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/674198 · Cited by 75
Distinct threats, common remedies: How consumers cope with psychological threat
Han, D. H., Duhachek, A., & Rucker, D. D. (2015) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2015.02.001 · Cited by 72
Self-citationMorrison, K. R., & Johnson, C. S. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167211403158 · Cited by 66
Symbolic self‐completion in academia: evidence from department web pages and email signature files
Harmon‐Jones, C., Schmeichel, B. J., & Harmon‐Jones, E. (2008) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.541 · Cited by 55
Sobol, K., & Darke, P. R. (2014) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2014.03.005 · Cited by 53
Hoegg, J., Scott, M. L., Morales, A. C., & Dahl, D. W. (2013) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2013.07.003 · Cited by 50
Roshchina, Y. M. (2001) · Journal of Economic Sociology · doi:10.17323/1726-3247-2001-5-141-156 · Cited by 50
The effects of power on prosocial outcomes: A self-validation analysis
DeMarree, K. G., Briñol, P., & Petty, R. E. (2012) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2012.07.005 · Cited by 44
Huang, L. Y., & Galinsky, A. D. (2010) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550610391677 · Cited by 43
Self-citationHumblebragging: A Distinct And Ineffective Self-Presentation StrategyPreprint
Sezer, O., Francesca Gino, B., & Norton, M. I. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2597626 · Cited by 24
Kay, A. C., Wheeler, S. C., & Smeesters, D. (2007) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2007.05.005 · Cited by 24
Not So Fluid and Not So Meaningful: Toward an Appreciation of Content-Specific Compensation
Galinsky, A. D., Whitson, J., Huang, L. Y., & Rucker, D. D. (2012) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2012.730978 · Cited by 13
Self-citationLook on the Bright Side: Self-Expressive Consumption and Consumer Self-Worth
Dalton, A. N. (2008) · Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) · Cited by 10
Compensatory Consumption As Self- and Social-Signaling
Lisjak, M., Levav, J., & Rucker, D. D. (2014) · ACR North American Advances · Cited by 9
Self-citationAsymmetrical Social Mach Bands
Rozin, P. N., Scott, S., Zickgraf, H. F., Ahn, F., & Jiang, H. (2014) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797614545131 · Cited by 8
Mandel, N., Lisjak, M., & Wang, Q. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009243957.010 · Cited by 4
Self-citationWhen Your World Must Be Defended: Consuming to Justify the System
Cutright, K. M., Wu, E. C., Kay, A. C., & Fitzsimons, G. J. (2010) · ACR North American Advances · Cited by 4
Brannon, D. C. (2016) · Cited by 2
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 126 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- 10.1177/00222429990634s104 · DOI
- 10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497 · DOI · Paper page
- Brannon D., 2016, Working paper
- 10.1037/0022-3514.70.2.395 · DOI
- Hofstede G., 1997, Cultures and organizations
- 10.1037/0021‐843X.103.3.505 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
How artificial intelligence will change the future of marketing
Davenport, T., Guha, A., Grewal, D., & Bressgott, T. (2020) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-019-00696-0 · Cited by 2,875
Mende, M., Scott, M. L., van Doorn, J., Grewal, D., & Shanks, I. (2019) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/0022243718822827 · Cited by 1,197
“To address this question, we draw on the notion of compensatory consumption, which refers to consumption “motivated by a desire to offset or reduce a self-discrepancy” (Mandel et al. 2017, p. 134).”
BackgroundInfluentialLiu, H., Wu, L. L., & Li, X. R. (2018) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287518761615 · Cited by 449
A Self‐Regulatory Model of Resource Scarcity
Cannon, C., Goldsmith, K., & Roux, C. (2019) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcpy.1035 · Cited by 280
The effect of social exclusion on consumer preference for anthropomorphized brands
Chen, R. P., Wan, E. W., & Levy, E. P. (2016) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2016.05.004 · Cited by 285
Metadata
- Authors
- Mandel, N., Rucker, D. D., Levav, J., & Galinsky, A. D.
- Affiliations
- Arizona State University (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mandel, Naomi
- Venue
- Journal of Consumer Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-05-24
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 133-146
- ISSN
- 1057-7408 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7663
- OpenAlex
- W2396376945
- Cited by
- 564
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 88 · 2025: 89 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 49.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Consumer Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Retail Behavior Studies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Perception and Purchasing Behavior
- Keywords
- self-discrepancy, self-concept, self-realization, consumer coping strategies, dissociation, escapism, psychological distress
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review