Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial
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In the Wootton et al. RCT, 8-week therapist-guided iCBT and therapist-guided bibliotherapy were effective compared to a waitlist control, with between-group effect sizes of d = 1.57 and d = 1.40, respectively.
“The authors found that 8-week therapist guided iCBT (N = 17) and therapist guided bibliotherapy (bCBT; N = 20) were effective compared to a waitlist control condition (N = 19; between-group effect sizes of d = 1.57 and 1.40, respectively).”
From Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (2014) · cites this paper as [45]
Within-group effect sizes for the experimental groups in the Wootton et al. RCT were larger than those obtained by self-help versions of the same program, suggesting that therapist-assisted iCBT had stronger treatment effects.
“The within group effect sizes for the experimental groups were larger than those obtained by self-help versions of the same program [41], suggesting that therapist assisted iCBT had stronger treatment effects.”
From Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (2014) · cites this paper as [45]
In the Wootton et al. RCT, the experimental groups were associated with a 47% (bCBT) and 39% (iCBT) reduction in OCD symptom scores, maintained at 3-month follow-up, with mean total therapist time of approximately 103 minutes for bCBT and 89 minutes for iCBT.
“The experimental groups were associated with a 47% (bCBT) and 39% (iCBT) reduction in OCD symptoms scores, which were maintained at 3-month follow-up, with a mean total therapist time of approximately 103 minutes for bCBT and 89 minutes for iCBT.”
From Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (2014) · cites this paper as [45]
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“While a large number of applications were received, fewer were completed compared to trials of internet treatments for anxiety disorders that have used similar recruitment strategies (Titov, Andrews, Choi, Schwencke, & Johnston, 2009; Titov et al., 2010).”
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A meta‐analysis of bibliotherapy studies
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“bCBT interventions have been found to significantly reduce symptoms across several disorders including problematic alcohol use (Apodaca & Miller, 2003), depression (McNaughton, 2009), and anxiety disorders (den Boer, Wiersma, & Van den Bosch, 2004; Marrs, 1995).”
BackgroundAugmentation of Behavior Therapy With <scp>d</scp> -Cycloserine for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Wilhelm, S., Buhlmann, U., Tolin, D. F., Meunier, S. A., Pearlson, G. D., Reese, H. E., Cannistraro, P., Jenike, M. A., & Rauch, S. L. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07050776 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
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Self-citationCognitive--behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: A controlled study.
Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.65.3.405 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
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“Significant clinical outcomes were also obtained with reduced therapist contact, although effect sizes are smaller, indicating a possible doseresponse relationship in OCD, as indicated by previous research (Palmqvist et al., 2007).”
ResultMarques, L., LeBlanc, N. J., Weingarden, H. M., Timpano, K. R., Jenike, M., & Wilhelm, S. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20694 · Cited by 283 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Effective treatments exist, however, many patients experience barriers to accessing treatments including direct and indirect costs of treatment, a lack of trained mental health professionals, and stigma (Baer & Minichiello, 2008; Belloch, del Valle, Morillo, Carrió, & Cabedo, 2009; Goodwin, Koenen, Hellman, Guardino,…”
BackgroundDear, B. F., Titov, N., Sunderland, M., McMillan, D., Anderson, T., Lorian, C., & Robinson, E. (2011) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2011.582138 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Self-citationAndersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., Bergström, J., Kaldo, V., Lindefors, N., Andersson, G., et al. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712000244 · Cited by 274 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In the largest study of iCBT for OCD to date, 101 participants were randomly allocated to a 10-week iCBT treatment, or to a Control online supportive therapy condition (Andersson et al., 2012).”
MethodDubois, A., Raymond, O., Maene, M., Baudino, S., Langlade, N., Boltz, V., Vergne, P., & Bendahmane, M. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009288 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study
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“, 2008) to 58% (Freeston et al., 1997).”
Why is self-help neglected in the treatment of emotional disorders? A meta-analysis
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D-cycloserine does not enhance exposure-response prevention therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder
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“However those studies that have reported on outcomes of completers only have seen a percentage reduction in symptoms as high as 72% (Storch et al., 2007).”
BackgroundHelpseeking and access to mental health treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Goodwin, R., Koenen, K. C., Hellman, F., Guardino, M., & Struening, E. (2002) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2002.01221.x · Cited by 163 · cited 1× · see citing works
“It is possible, however, that not all participants require or desire the same amount of clinician support and this may be particularly relevant in OCD where stigma is a considerable barrier for individuals entering treatment (Baer & Minichiello, 2008; Belloch et al., 2009; Goodwin et al., 2002; Marques et al., 2010).”
BackgroundA meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of bibliotherapy for alcohol problems
Apodaca, T. R., & Miller, W. R. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.10130 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Internet-delivered psychotherapy for depression in adults
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“iCBT involves the administration of highly structured online lessons or modules that present the same information and skills typically taught in face-to-face treatment, often with telephoneadministered or email support (Titov, 2011).”
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“One study that explored the effect of level of therapist guidance on a typically self-guided protocol found that the addition of clinician contact increased efficacy and adherence to treatment (Kenwright et al., 2005).”
BackgroundRandomized Controlled Trial of Web-Based Treatment of Social Phobia Without Clinician Guidance
Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Johnston, L. (2009) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00048670903179160 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
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“It is possible, however, that not all participants require or desire the same amount of clinician support and this may be particularly relevant in OCD where stigma is a considerable barrier for individuals entering treatment (Baer & Minichiello, 2008; Belloch et al., 2009; Goodwin et al., 2002; Marques et al., 2010).”
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“63) (Moritz et al., 2010).”
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“5 weeks of twiceweekly face-to-face clinician-administered CBT or 6 weeks of unguided bCBT (Tolin et al., 2007).”
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“Similar results have also been demonstrated in two pilot studies (Andersson et al., 2011; Wootton et al., 2011), suggesting that iCBT is a promising method for treatment delivery in OCD.”
ResultKlein, B., Mitchell, J., Gilson, K., Shandley, K. A., Austin, D., Kiropoulos, L. A., Abbott, J.-A., & Cannard, G. (2009) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070902803483 · Cited by 82 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Studies conducted across various disorders have produced equivocal results (Kenwright, Marks, Graham, Franses, & Mataix-Cols, 2005; Klein et al., 2009; Palmqvist, Carlbring, & Andersson, 2007).”
ResultAn Internet administered treatment program for obsessive–compulsive disorder: A feasibility study
Wootton, B. M., Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Spence, J., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., & Solley, K. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.07.009 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
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Distance Treatment of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
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Self-citationChallenges in the design and analysis of non-inferiority trials: a case study
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Advantages and limitations of Internet-based interventions for common mental disorders
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“iety disorders, including panic disorder (49), social anxiety disorder (50-52), generalized anxiety disorder (53,54), posttraumatic stress disorder (8,55), obsessive-compulsive disorder (56,57), severe health anxiety (58), and specific phobia (59).”
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“It is however important to underscore that the patients who participated in the internetbased studies were almost all patients who were self-referred and wanted this treatment (92% in Andersson et al., 2012; 100% in Wootton et al., 2013).”
BackgroundInternet-Delivered Psychological Treatments
Andersson, G. (2016) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093006 · Cited by 595 · see citing works
“This did not appear to be the case from the three controlled trials published to date (Andersson et al. 2012a, 2015; Wootton et al. 2013), as large effects were observed, and the effects appeared to be durable (Andersson et al.”
ResultTherapist-supported Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in adults
Olthuis, J. V., Watt, M. C., Bailey, K., Hayden, J. A., & Stewart, S. H. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011565.pub2 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
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“40 (please see Multimedia Appendix 8 for references) [133-162] compared with 0.”
BackgroundSelf-citationICBT in routine care: A descriptive analysis of successful clinics in five countries
Titov, N., Dear, B., Nielssen, O., Staples, L., Hadjistavropoulos, H., Nugent, M., Adlam, K., Nordgreen, T., Bruvik, K. H., Hovland, A., et al. (2018) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2018.07.006 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
“The clinic offers seven ICBT programs that have been validated in clinical trials, including transdiagnostic treatments designed to treat symptoms of anxiety and depression (the Wellbeing, Wellbeing Plus, Mood Mechanic, and Indigenous Wellbeing courses), and disorder-specific treatments for obsessive compulsive disord…”
Self-citationMaximizing the Impact of e-Therapy and Serious Gaming: Time for a Paradigm Shift
Fleming, T. M., de Beurs, D., Khazaal, Y., Gaggioli, A., Riva, G., Botella, C., Baños, R. M., Aschieri, F., Bavin, L. M., Kleiboer, A., et al. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00065 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
“Furthermore, not all participants require or prefer the same amount (or the same kind) of support, and this assistance may only be needed at critical times during the treatment program (53).”
BackgroundTitov, N., Dear, B. F., Staples, L. G., Bennett-Levy, J., Klein, B., Rapee, R. M., Shann, C., Richards, D., Andersson, G., Ritterband, L., et al. (2015) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201400477 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
“Clinic Interventions Four iCBT treatment courses were offered: the Wellbeing course, designed to treat symptoms of anxiety and depression of adults ages 18–60 years (19,20,28,29); the Wellbeing Plus course, designed to treat symptoms of anxiety and depression of adults age$60 (22,23); the OCD course, designed to treat…”
MethodSelf-citationTitov, N., Dear, B. F., Staples, L. G., Bennett-Levy, J., Klein, B., Rapee, R. M., Andersson, G., Purtell, C., Bezuidenhout, G., & Nielssen, O. B. (2017) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867416671598 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
“, 2016), the obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) course for adults aged 18 and older with symptoms consistent with OCD (Wootton et al., 2013) and the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) course for adults aged 18 years and over with symptoms consistent with PTSD (Spence et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationRemote cognitive-behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A meta-analysis.
Wootton, B. M. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.10.001 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citationPearl, S. B., & Norton, P. J. (2017) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.07.004 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Lenhard, F., Andersson, E., Mataix-Cols, D., Rück, C., Vigerland, S., Högström, J., Hillborg, M., Brander, G., Ljungström, M., Ljótsson, B., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.09.515 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
“The current study extends the ICBT trials done in a dult patients with OCD, which have demonstrated feasibility and efficacy of this appro ach.(22,23) Interestingly, while using analogous primary outcomes (the [C]Y-BOCS at posttr ea ment), the magnitude of effects found in the adult studies (between-group Cohen’s d ra…”
ResultFrom Research to Practice: Ten Lessons in Delivering Digital Mental Health Services
Titov, N., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., Nielssen, O. B., Mohr, D. C., Andersson, G., & Dear, B. F. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8081239 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
“The clinic offers seven ICBT programs that have been validated in clinical trials, including transdiagnostic treatments designed to treat symptoms of anxiety and depression in several age groups [24,38–47] and disorder-specific treatments for obsessive compulsive disorder [48,49], post-traumatic stress disorder [50],…”
Self-citationLenhard, F., Vigerland, S., Andersson, E., Rück, C., Mataix-Cols, D., Thulin, U., Ljótsson, B., & Serlachius, E. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100773 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“The efficacy of ICBT for adults with OCD has been demonstrated in two uncontrolled studies and two randomized waitlist-controlled trials, with large within-group as well as between-group effect sizes [23–26].”
BackgroundMatsumoto, K., Sutoh, C., Asano, K., Seki, Y., Urao, Y., Yokoo, M., Takanashi, R., Yoshida, T., Tanaka, M., Noguchi, R., et al. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/12091 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“ICBT has been shown to be effective for OCD, PD, and SAD from several randomized controlled trials [19-35].”
Mahoney, A. E. J., Mackenzie, A., Williams, A. D., Smith, J., & Andrews, G. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.09.012 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“Although the dropout rate in the present study (25%) appears comparable to those reported for other internet-based and faceto-face CBT programs (Abramowitz, 2006; Andersson, Enander, et al., 2012; Foa, 2010; Mancebo, Eisen, Sibrava, Dyck, & Rasmussen, 2011; Wootton et al., 2013), the number of patients terminating tre…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialAndersson, E., Steneby, S., Karlsson, K., Ljótsson, B., Hedman‐Lagerlöf, E., Enander, J., Kaldo, V., Andersson, G., Lindefors, N., & Rück, C. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714000543 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“© Cambridge University Press 2014 doi:10.1017/S0033291714000543 ORIGINAL ARTICLE randomized trial by Wootton et al. (2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialKyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.9566 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“Recovery figures in this study of around a third for iCBT were in the lower range compared to those reported in previous face-to-face and online treatment studies [33,35,58,63,64], although the expected superiority of iCBT over iPRT in recovery was supported.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialLenhard, F., Sauer, S., Andersson, E., Månsson, K. N., Mataix‐Cols, D., Rück, C., & Serlachius, E. (2018) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1576 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Mira, A., Bretón-López, J., García-Palacios, A., Quero, S., Baños, R. M., & Botella, C. (2017) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s130994 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“For example, studies could consider whether receiving automatic weekly emails during follow-up periods would enable participants to practice the strategies learned during the treatment program.(65) Furthermore, more research is needed regarding who is providing the support.”
Pearcy, C. P., Anderson, R. A., Egan, S. J., & Rees, C. S. (2016) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.12.007 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Dèttore, D., Pozza, A., & Andersson, G. (2015) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2015.1005660 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“…with previous systematic reviews (e.g. Herbst et al., 2012; Lovell & Bee, 2011; Tumur et al., 2007), a potential strength of our work was the inclusion of three recently published trials evaluating Internetdelivered CBT (Andersson et al., 2012; Mahoney et al., 2014; Wootton et al., 2013).”
BackgroundHauschildt, M., Dar, R., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.092 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Roncero, M., Belloch, A., & Doron, G. (2019) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/11443 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Information and Communication Technologies including mobile apps and internet-based interventions have been suggested to increase accessibility and availability of CBT-based interventions [16-18].”
BackgroundAndersson, E., Ljótsson, B., Hedman, E., Enander, J., Kaldo, V., Andersson, G., Lindefors, N., & Rück, C. (2015) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2014.10.003 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Enander, J., Ivanov, V. Z., Andersson, E., Mataix-Cols, D., Ljótsson, B., & Rück, C. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005923 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Wootton, B. M., Karin, E., Titov, N., & Dear, B. F. (2019) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.102111 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationHoppen, L. M., Kuck, N., Bürkner, P.-C., Karin, E., Wootton, B. M., & Buhlmann, U. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03272-5 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationSmith, J., Newby, J. M., Burston, N., Murphy, M. J., Michael, S., Mackenzie, A., Kiln, F., Loughnan, S. A., O'Moore, K. A., Allard, B. J., et al. (2017) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2017.05.001 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“bibliotherapy; in spite of the scant literature available on self-help treatment books, comparisons between iCBT and bibliotherapy for OCD (Wootton et al., 2013) and for social phobia (Furmark et al.”
de Pablo, G. S., Pascual-Sánchez, A., Panchal, U. R., Clark, B., & Krebs, G. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.007 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“(Wootton et al., 2013) Australia 38 + 11 (18–68) 75 Bibliotherapy or internet-”
BackgroundLovell, K., Bower, P., Gellatly, J. L., Byford, S., Bee, P., McMillan, D., Arundel, C., Gilbody, S. M., Gega, L., Hardy, G. E., et al. (2017) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002337 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Our current study is far larger than the other trials, and some report quite large differences at baseline, which can occur when small numbers of patients are randomised [33,36].”
ResultWootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2014) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2014.03.001 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationLenhard, F., Vigerland, S., Engberg, H., Hallberg, A., Thermaenius, H., & Serlachius, E. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164311 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Kobak, K., Greist, R., Jacobi, D., Levy-Mack, H., & Greist, J. (2015) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12991-015-0048-0 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Melkonian, M., McDonald, S., Scott, A. J., Karin, E., Dear, B. F., & Wootton, B. M. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.037 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationWootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.05.003 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Fourth, in contrast to previous studies (e.g., Andersson et al., 2012; Mahoney et al., 2014; Wootton et al., 2013), the present study did not find a significant reduction in symptoms of depression.”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationLundström, L., Flygare, O., Ivanova, E., Mataix‐Cols, D., Enander, J., Djurfeldt, D. R., Chen, L. L., Andersson, E., & Rück, C. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100608 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Andersson, E., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Wikström, M., Elveling, E., Lindefors, N., Andersson, G., Kaldo, V., & Rück, C. (2015) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2014.12.004 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Two of these are uncontrolled studies (Andersson et al. 2011; Wootton et al. 2011) and two are randomized controlled trials (Andersson et al. 2012; Wootton et al. 2013), showing effect sizes similar to those obtained in face-to-face CBT and also sustained long-term effects (Andersson et al. 2014).”
BackgroundEfficacy of intensive CBT telehealth for obsessive-compulsive disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic
Pinciotti, C. M., Bulkes, N. Z., Horvath, G., & Riemann, B. C. (2021) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2021.100705 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Wiese, A. D., Drummond, K. N., Fuselier, M. N., Sheu, J. C., Liu, G., Guzick, A. G., Goodman, W. K., & Storch, E. A. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114610 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
McCausland, J., Paparo, J., & Wootton, B. M. (2021) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465820000843 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Similar to accelerated treatments, videoconferencing-delivered CBT has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of other OCRDs (Himle et al., 2006), as well as other anxiety and related disorders (Sloan et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationAssisting relapse prevention in OCD using a novel mobile app–based intervention: A case report
Vera, B. P., Roncero, M., Doron, G., & Belloch, A. (2018) · Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic · doi:10.1521/bumc.2018.82.4.390 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Mindfulness for OCD? No evidence for a direct effect of a self-help treatment approach
Cludius, B., Hottenrott, B., Alsleben, H., Peter, U., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2015) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2015.05.003 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Treating incompleteness in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A meta-analytic review
Schwartz, R. A. (2018) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2018.08.001 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Kirkpatrick, T., Manoukian, L., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., & Titov, N. (2013) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.210 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“These questions have been used in previous research examining the acceptability of iCBT and other similar low-intensity treatments amongst consumers with a range of different conditions and across a range of different age groups (Dear et al., 2013; Wootton et al., 2013; Spence et al., 2011; Titov et al., 2013).”
MethodThe Barriers to Seeking Treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in an Australian Population
Gentle, M., Harris, L. M., & Jones, M. K. (2014) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/bec.2014.20 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Recent Australian research has found no significant differences in outcome between bibliotherapy or internet-administered CBT for OCD (Wootton et al., 2013).”
BackgroundDigitally Delivered Psychological Interventions for Anxiety Disorders: a Comprehensive Review
Stefanopoulou, E., Lewis, D., Taylor, M., Broscombe, J., & Larkin, J. (2018) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-018-9620-5 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Cost-effectiveness of internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder
Osborne, D., Meyer, D., Moulding, R., Kyrios, M., Bailey, E., & Nedeljkovic, M. (2019) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.100277 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Internet-based CBT for people with OCD has been found to be comparable in effectiveness to face-to-face CBT (Andersson et al., 2012; Kyrios et al., 2018; Wootton et al., 2013).”
BackgroundTreatment Outcome and Predictors of Internet Guided Self-Help for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Diefenbach, G. J., Wootton, B. M., Bragdon, L. B., Moshier, S. J., & Tolin, D. F. (2015) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2015.06.001 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationInnovations in the delivery of exposure and response prevention for obsessive-compulsive disorder
Patel, S. R., Comer, J., & Simpson, H. B. (2021) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2020_202 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Wheaton, M. G., Patel, S. R., Andersson, E., Rück, C., & Simpson, H. B. (2020) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2020.02.003 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Luu, J., Millard, M., Newby, J. M., Haskelberg, H., Hobbs, M. J., & Mahoney, A. (2020) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100561 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Wootton, B. M., Karin, E., Dear, B. F., Staples, L., Nielssen, O. B., Kayrouz, R., & Titov, N. (2021) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102444 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationMatsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., Hamamura, S., Takiguchi, S., Tomoda, A., Omori, I. M., et al. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100515 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., & Hadjistavropoulos, H. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803457-6.00021-0 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Robertson, L., Paparo, J., & Wootton, B. M. (2020) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100560 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationAspvall, K., Lenhard, F., Melin, K., Krebs, G., Norlin, L., Näsström, K., Jassi, A. D., Turner, C. M., Knoetze, E., Serlachius, E., et al. (2020) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2020.100308 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Gellatly, J. L., Pedley, R., Molloy, C., Butler, J. A., Lovell, K., & Bee, P. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1238-x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Hiranandani, S., Ipek, S. I., Wilhelm, S., & Greenberg, J. L. (2023) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2022.100765 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Polak, M., & Tanzer, N. K. (2024) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2989 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Zhang, W., Yang, W., Ruan, H., Gao, J. P., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.025 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Pozza, A., Andersson, G., Antonelli, P., & Dèttore, D. (2014) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1017/s1754470x1400021x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“(2011), evidence on the comparison of CCBTs to control conditions on OCD symptom outcomes was judged as at high risk of bias, as two out of three trials were classified as being at high risk of bias (Greist et al. 2002; Wootton et al. 2013), and one trial at low risk of bias (Andersson et al. 2012).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMoritz, S., Hauschildt, M., Murray, S. C., Pedersen, A., Krausz, M., & Jelinek, L. (2018) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2017.12.009 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Wootton, B. M., Steinman, S. A., Czerniawski, A., Norris, K., Baptie, C., Diefenbach, G., & Tolin, D. F. (2018) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9921-x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Controlled trials have demonstrated that both low intensity treatment options result in equivalent outcomes across a variety of diagnostic groups (Dear et al. 2017; Lancee et al. 2012; Wootton et al. 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAxelsson, E., Andersson, E., Ljótsson, B., & Hedman-Lagerlöf, E. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.06.002 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., Lyu, N., Wang, C., Zhang, N., Wang, Z., et al. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/41283 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Li, I., Millard, M., Haskelberg, H., Hobbs, M. J., Luu, J., & Mahoney, A. (2021) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465821000448 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“%) and gains maintained for up to two years (Andersson et al., 2012; Andersson et al., 2014; Andersson et al., 2015; Kyrios et al., 2018; Mahoney et al., 2014; Wootton et al., 2013; Wootton et al., 2015).”
BackgroundJelinek, L., Schröder, J., Bücker, L., Miegel, F., Baumeister, A., Moritz, S., Sibilis, A., & Schultz, J. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.038 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Franklin, M. E., Engelmann, J. M., Bulkes, N. Z., Horvath, G., Piacsek, K., Osterlund, E., Freeman, J. B., Schwartz, R. A., Himle, M. B., & Riemann, B. C. (2023) · JAACAP Open · doi:10.1016/j.jaacop.2023.09.007 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Flygare, O., Lundström, L., Andersson, E., Mataix‐Cols, D., & Rück, C. (2022) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12365 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Moritz, S., Irshaid, S., Beiner, A., Hauschildt, M., & Miegel, F. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.1177/2043808718820683 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Sasseville, M., LeBlanc, A., Tchuente, J., Boucher, M., Dugas, M., Mbemba, G. I. C., Barony, R., Chouinard, M., Beaulieu, M., Beaudet, N., et al. (2023) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-023-02241-1 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Smith, S., Paparo, J., & Wootton, B. M. (2021) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1080/13284207.2021.1892453 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationKyrios, M., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., Klein, B., Austin, D., Meyer, D., & Ahern, C. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-209 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Given previous research showing large effects for online CBT for OCD [43,45], we expect a large effect for iCBT (i.”
BackgroundLenhard, F., Andersson, E., Mataix‐Cols, D., Rück, C., Aspvall, K., & Serlachius, E. (2020) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-020-00327-x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Maximizing the impact of E-Therapy and Serious Gaming: Time for a paradigm shift
Fleming, T. M., Beurs, D. P. D., Khazaal, Y., Gaggioli, A., Riva, G., Botella, C., Baños, R., Aschieri, F., Bavin, L. M., Kleiboer, A. M., et al. (2020) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.12331280 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Online computer-aided vicarious exposure for OCD symptoms: A pilot study
Matthews, A. J., Maunder, R., Scanlan, J. D., & Kirkby, K. C. (2016) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.06.002 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Rück, C., Lundström, L., Flygare, O., Enander, J., Bottai, M., Mataix‐Cols, D., & Andersson, E. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022254 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“In Australia, Wootton and colleagues and Mahoney and colleagues have both shown therapist-guided ICBT for OCD to be effective in randomised controlled trials.(17) 18 In Germany, Herbst and colleagues have tested therapist-guided ICBT for OCD with positive long-term effects.”
BackgroundAndersson, E., Ljótsson, B., Hedman, E., Mattson, S., Enander, J., Andersson, G., Kaldo, V., Lindefors, N., & Rück, C. (2015) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2014.10.002 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Lisi, D. M., Hawley, L. L., McCabe, R., Rowa, K., Cameron, D., Richter, M. A., & Rector, N. (2023) · Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2908 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Waks, S., Moses, K., & Wootton, B. M. (2024) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12462 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationAmeringen, M. V., Fineberg, N. A., Ravindran, A. V., Arnold, P. D., Beaulieu, S., Brakoulias, V., Brietzke, E. M., Dowlati, Y., Drummond, L. M., Ferretti, C. J., et al. (2026) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.039 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Moritz, S., Bernardini, J., & Lion, D. (2020) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-019-01080-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Miguel, C., Čihařová, M., Amarnath, A., Lin, J., Zhao, R., Toffolo, M. B. J., Harrer, M., Struijs, S. Y., de Wit, L. M., et al. (2025) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2024.197 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Uemura, T., Suzuki, F., Shinno, S., Ikai, T., Hayashi, H., Sutoh, C., & Shimizu, E. (2020) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/18216 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Another study of 56 patients with OCD included ICBT, reading therapy, and waiting groups [11].”
BackgroundInfluentialGuest, R., Tran, Y., Gopinath, B., Cameron, I. D., & Craig, A. R. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1455-5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“These questions have been used in previous research to examine the acceptability of internet-delivered CBT and other similar low-intensity treatments amongst consumers with a range of different conditions and across a range of different age groups [28–30].”
MethodPsychotherapeutische Verfahren
Voderholzer, U., Rubart, A., Kathmann, N., Staniloiu, A., Kordon, A., & Zurowski, B. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-67878-7_4 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wootton, B. M., McDonald, S., Karin, E., Titov, N., & Dear, B. F. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23710 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationMukai, K., Yamanishi, K., Ogino, S., Hosoi, Y., Hayashida, K., & Matsunaga, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1593384 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“For example, Wootton et al. (2013) demonstrated that therapist-guided internet-based CBT (iCBT) led to large reductions in OCD symptoms compared with a waitlist control (44).”
Internet-Delivered Psychotherapy for Anxiety Disorders and Depression
Titov, N., Dear, B. F., & Andersson, G. (2014) · Focus · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.12.3.299 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationRezaee, R., Parsa, Z., Ahmadzadeh, L., Ahmadian, L., Avazzadeh, S., & Marzaleh, M. A. (2023) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.1577 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“49 Based on the findings of a study by Hogg, it has been shown that self ‐ help, especially when provided through computer software or the Internet, is effective in treating anxiety disorders and improving treatment outcomes through self ‐ care.”
BackgroundMatsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., & Shimizu, E. (2024) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2024.100725 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“However, the evidence supporting these findings is primarily based on short-term OCD outcomes assessed immediately following treatment or at 3 to 6-month follow-up points (Wootton et al., 2013; Herbst et al., 2014; Mahoney et al., 2014; Kyrios et al., 2018; Matsumoto et al., 2022; Wu et al., 2023).”
BackgroundAccelerated outpatient individual cognitive‐behaviour therapy for panic disorder: A case study
Wootton, B., & MacGregor, A. (2018) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1111/cp.12100 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationGuha, M., & Seale, L. (2015) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638237.2015.1078886 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“It is worth noting that one Australian study found no significant differences between the effectiveness of bibliotherapy and of internet-administered cognitive behaviour therapy (Wootton et al., 2013).”
BackgroundHobbs, L. J. (2016) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Townsend, A. N., Hertz, A. G., D’Souza, J. M., & Wiese, A. D. (2022) · Advances in Psychiatry and Behavioral Health · doi:10.1016/j.ypsc.2022.05.003 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Maximizing the impact of E-Therapy and Serious Gaming: Time for a paradigm shift
Fleming, T. M., Beurs, D. P. D., Khazaal, Y., Gaggioli, A., Riva, G., Botella, C., Baños, R., Aschieri, F., Bavin, L. M., Kleiboer, A. M., et al. (2020) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.12331280.v2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wootton, B. M., Melkonian, M., McDonald, S., Karin, E., Titov, N., & Dear, B. F. (2024) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12517 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationWootton, B. M., Karin, E., Melkonian, M., McDonald, S., Titov, N., & Dear, B. F. (2024) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2024.104643 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N.
- Affiliations
- Macquarie University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Wootton, Bethany M.
- Venue
- Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-10
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 375-384
- ISSN
- 2211-3649 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2017856974
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 19.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Locations
- Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders (publishedVersion)
- EPubDev Repository (submittedVersion)
- eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RUNE (Research UNE) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- obsessive-compulsive disorder, remote therapy, treatment accessibility, acceptability, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, waitlist control
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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