Procrastination and self-efficacy: tracing vicious and virtuous circles in self-regulated learning.

Wäschle, Kristin; Allgaier, Anne; Lachner, Andreas; Fink, Siegfried; Nückles, Matthias

doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2013.09.005

Cited by 252Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety StudiesEducation, Achievement, and GiftednessGrit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation

Procrastination and self-efficacy: tracing vicious and virtuous circles in self-regulated learning.

Wäschle, Kristin, Allgaier, Anne, Lachner, Andreas, Fink, Siegfried, Nückles, Matthias·2014·Learning and Instruction

DOI 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2013.09.005

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Increasing self-efficacy establishes a virtuous circle of self-efficacy instead of a vicious circle of procrastination.
“establishing a virtuous circle of self-efficacy instead of a vicious circle of procrastination (Wäschle et al., 2014).”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Wäschle et al., 2014

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Influences of depression, self-efficacy, and resource management on learning engagement in blended learning during COVID-19
Heo, H., Bonk, C. J., & Doo, M. Y. (2022) · The Internet and Higher Education · doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100856 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“Wolters and Hussain (2015) also reported a positive correlation between self-efficacy and time and study environment management.”
Gender, Socioeconomic Status, Cultural Differences, Education, Family Size and Procrastination: A Sociodemographic Meta-Analysis
Lu, D., He, Y., & Tan, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.719425 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
What impedes or enhances my studying? The interrelation between approaches to learning, factors influencing study progress and earned credits
Hailikari, T. K., & Parpala, A. (2014) · Teaching in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/13562517.2014.934348 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“(Lens and Vansteenkiste 2012; Wäschle et al. 2014; Zimmerman 2012; Mikkonen 2012).”
Background
Differences in learning characteristics between students with high, average, and low levels of academic procrastination: students’ views on factors influencing their learning.
Visser, L., Korthagen, F. A. J., & Schoonenboom, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00808 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Need-Supportive and Need-Thwarting Teacher Behavior: Their Importance to Boys’ and Girls’ Academic Engagement and Procrastination Behavior
Opdenakker, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.628064 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“However, a growing body of literature is coming to the front that points to the dynamic nature of procrastination, suggesting that changes in procrastination behavior over time may occur due to contextual and task-related factors (Senécal et al., 1997; Blunt and Pychyl, 2000; Wolters, 2003; Moon and Illingworth, 2005;…”
Background
Personal Learning Environments: Modeling Students’ Self-Regulation Enhancement Through a Learning Management System Platform
Alserhan, S., Alqahtani, T. M., Yahaya, N., Al-Rahmi, W. M., & Abuhassna, H. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3236504 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“also impacts self-assessment processes [66].”
Prior Day Negative Affect Influences Current Day Procrastination: A Lagged Daily Diary Analysis
Pollack, S. R., & Herres, J. L. (2020) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2020.1722573 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“Per the theory of virtuous and vicious circles (Wäschle et al., 2014), there may be a negative cycle of low self-efficacy and procrastination.”
BackgroundInfluential
Emotional intelligence a academic procrastination among junior college nursing students
Guo, M., Yin, X., Wang, C., Nie, L., & Wang, G. (2019) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.14101 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Daily automated feedback enhances self-regulated learning: a longitudinal randomized field experiment
Bellhäuser, H., Dignath, C., & Theobald, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1125873 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Teachers’ support for growth mindset and its links with students’ growth mindset, academic engagement, and achievements in lower secondary school
Vestad, L., & Bru, E. (2023) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-023-09859-y · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“…and achievement are based on the notion that engagement leads to success by means of increased learning activity (the virtuous circle of learning; Wäschle et al., 2014), behavioral engagement, which may be understood as the behavioral manifestation of growth mindset, has a more obvious link to…”
The relations between academic procrastination and self-esteem in adolescents: A longitudinal study
Yang, X., Liu, R., Ding, Y., Hong, W., & Jiang, S. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02075-x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“According to this premise, the evidence from Wäschle et al. (2014) verified that self-efficacy and procrastination are mediated by goal achievement to form vicious and virtuous circles.”
Background
How does self-regulated learning relate to active procrastination and other learning behaviors?
Yamada, M., Goda, Y., Matsuda, T., Saito, Y., Kato, H., & Miyagawa, H. (2016) · Journal of Computing in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s12528-016-9118-9 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
All the Pieces Matter: The Relationship of Momentary Self-efficacy and Affective Experiences with CS1 Achievement and Interest in Computing
Lishinski, A., & Rosenberg, J. M. (2021) · ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research (ICER) · doi:10.1145/3446871.3469740 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“This fits the theory of self-efficacy and has been observed empirically as well [100, 103].”
Background
Study goals and procrastination tendencies at different stages of the undergraduate degree
Stewart, M., Stott, T. A., & Nuttall, A.-M. (2015) · Studies in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03075079.2015.1005590 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“…students who perceived that they were failing to achieve their learning goals were prone to procrastinate more in future, decreasing the use of deeper learning strategies, worrying more and leading to a negative feedback loop towards a ‘vicious circle of procrastination’ (Wäschle et al. 2014, 103).”
Background
The role of environmental and individual characteristics in the development of student achievement: a comparison between a traditional and a problem-based-learning curriculum
Schauber, S. K., Hecht, M., Nouns, Z. M., Kuhlmey, A., & Dettmer, S. (2015) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-015-9584-2 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“2013), self-efficacy beliefs (Richardson et al. 2012; Wäschle et al. 2014), and the process of learning (Schmitz and Wiese 2006).”
Self-Regulation and Regulatory Teaching as Determinants of Academic Behavioral Confidence and Procrastination in Undergraduate Students
de la Fuente, J., Sander, P., Garzón-Umerenkova, A., Vera, M. M., Fadda, S., & Gaetha, M. L. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.602904 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Effects of visual feedback on medical students’ procrastination within web-based planning and reflection protocols
Wäschle, K., Lachner, A., Stucke, B., Rey, S., Frömmel, C., & Nückles, M. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.09.022 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“The empirical findings reported so far suggest that procrastination can be understood as a failure of self-regulation (Häfner et al., 2014; Wäschle et al., 2014).”
Background
Task ambiguity and academic procrastination: An experience sampling approach
Wieland, L. M., Hoppe, J. D., Wolgast, A., & Ebner-Priemer, U. (2022) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2022.101595 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Datos normativos de la Escala de Procrastinación Académica en estudiantes de psicología de Lima
Domínguez-Lara, S. (2016) · Revista Evaluar · doi:10.35670/1667-4545.v16.n1.15715 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Psychological Resilience and Positivity as Predictors of Self-Efficacy
BİNGÖL, T., Batık, M. V., Hoşoğlu, R., & Kodaz, A. F. (2018) · Asian Journal of Education and Training · doi:10.20448/journal.522.2019.51.63.69 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Wäschle et al. (2014) noted a vicious circle relationship between procrastination and self-efficacy.”
Background
Defensive and Expansive Cycles of Learning: A Study of Home Care Encounters
Nummijoki, J., Engeström, Y., & Sannino, A. (2018) · Journal of the Learning Sciences · doi:10.1080/10508406.2017.1412970 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“For example, Wäschle et al. (2014) examined vicious circles in self-regulated learning in terms of procrastination, understood as the delay of academic tasks until the last minute.”
Background
Timing Matters: Approaches for Measuring and Visualizing Behaviours of Timing and Spacing of Work in Self-Paced Online Teacher Professional Development Courses
Riel, J., Lawless, K. A., & Brown, S. W. (2018) · Journal of Learning Analytics · doi:10.18608/jla.2018.51.3 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The role of personality traits and need for cognition in active procrastination
Zhou, M. (2019) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.102883 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Setting Up a Flipped Classroom Design to Reduce Student Academic Procrastination
Gonda, D., Pavlovičová, G., Tirpáková, A., & Ďuriš, V. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13158668 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“At the university level, external support is usually very limited (even in classroom learning), and therefore, young immature students may especially fail to self-regulate their learning processes and tend to fall into academic procrastination [22].”
Background
Prediction of Dilatory Behavior in eLearning: A Comparison of Multiple Machine Learning Models
Imhof, C., Comşa, I.-S., Hlosta, M., Parsaeifard, B., Moser, I., & Bergamin, P. B. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies · doi:10.1109/tlt.2022.3221495 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Academic self-efﬁcacy refers to the belief in one’s ability to succeed at academic tasks such as writing exams [15] and is negatively linked to procrastination [16], forming a vicious circle, but positively connected to purposeful delay, counter-acting that circle [17].”
Background
ACADEMIC PROCRASTINATION AND PERFORMANCE IN DISTANCE EDUCATION: A CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE STUDY IN AN ONLINE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
Uçar, H., Bozkurt, A., & Zawacki‐Richter, O. (2021) · Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education · doi:10.17718/tojde.1002726 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Many of the studies found in the related literature (e.g., Grund & Fries, 2018; Gustavson & Miyake, 2017; Kim & Seo, 2013, 2015; Wäschle, Allgaier, Lachner, Fink, & Nuckles, 2014) also confirm the finding of the current study.”
Academic Self-Efficacy, Procrastination, and Attrition Intentions
Nemtcan, E., Sæle, R. G., Gamst-Klaussen, T., & Svartdal, F. (2022) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2022.768959 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The association between online class-related enjoyment and academic achievement of college students: a multi-chain mediating model
Zeng, Y., Zhang, W., Wei, J., & Zhang, W. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01390-1 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“High student participation promotes academic success [48], further promoting students’ participation in learning activities, thus forming a virtuous cycle of learning [49].”
Background
Exploring differences between self-regulated learning strategies of high and low achievers in open distance learning
Geduld, B. W. (2016) · Africa Education Review · doi:10.1080/18146627.2016.1182739 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Although research about SRL has increased over the years (Zimmerman 2008; Wäschle et al. 2014), new insights in ODL students’ SRL are still valuable in light of the primary aim of all education– to develop independent, self-regulated, critical thinkers.”
Background
Frontline Learning Research
Lindblom‐Ylänne, S., Saariaho, E., Inkinen, M., Haarala-Muhonen, A., & Hailikari, T. K. (2015) · Frontline Learning Research · doi:10.14786/flr.v3i2.154 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The multiple mediating effects of self-efficacy and resilience on the relationship between social support and procrastination among vocational college students: a cross-sectional study
Zhang, Y., Guo, H., Ren, M., Ma, H., Chen, Y., & Chen, C. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19487-6 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Self-efficacy has also been identified as a negative predictor of pro-crastination [9, 37].”
BackgroundResult
Well Begun is Half Done: Using Online Orientation to Foster Online Students’ Academic Self-Efficacy
Abdous, M. (2019) · Online Learning · doi:10.24059/olj.v23i3.1437 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-efficacy in habit building: how general and habit-specific self-efficacy influence behavioral automatization and motivational interference
Stojanovic, M., Fries, S., & Grund, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643753 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Wäschle et al. (2014) found that SE and study goal achievement have a reciprocal relationship resulting in a self-amplifying feedback loop or virtuous cycle: SE grows with successful study goal achievement, but declines with missed study goals.”
Background
Prediction of dilatory behaviour in online assignments
Imhof, C., Bergamin, P. B., & McGarrity, S. (2021) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2021.102014 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
A multi-study examination of intra-individual feedback loops between competence and value beliefs, procrastination, and goal achievement
Theobald, M., Bäulke, L., Bellhäuser, H., Breitwieser, J., Mattes, B., Brod, G., Daumiller, M. H., Dresel, M., Liborius, P., & Nückles, M. (2023) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102208 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Vicious and virtuous relationships between procrastination and emotions: an investigation of the reciprocal relationship between academic procrastination and learning-related anxiety and hope
Gadosey, C. K., Schnettler, T., Scheunemann, A., Bäulke, L., Thies, D. O., Dresel, M., Fries, S., Leutner, D., Wirth, J., & Grunschel, C. (2023) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-023-00756-8 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“…negative reciprocal effects between learning-related hope and procrastination (H2) consistent with the virtuous circle of self-regulated learning (Wäschle et al., 2014) and empirical studies pointing to a negative relationship between hope and procrastination (e.g., Alexander & Onwuegbuzie,…”
Influential
The Double-Edged Interactions of Prompts and Self-efficacy
Gentner, N. M., & Seufert, T. (2020) · Metacognition and Learning · doi:10.1007/s11409-020-09227-7 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Preparing learners with partly incorrect intuitive prior knowledge for learning
Ohst, A., Fondu, B. M. E., Glogger‐Frey, I., Nückles, M., & Renkl, A. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00664 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“This pretraining intervention gave them an idea of how to distinguish primary learning strategies from the four similar but distinct categories (secondary learning strategies, problem-solving strategies, using tools, and teaching strategies).”
Background
Explaining self-efficacy development in an authentic higher education learning context of role-play simulations
Duchatelet, D., Spooren, P., Bursens, P., Gijbels, D., & Donche, V. (2021) · Studies in Educational Evaluation · doi:10.1016/j.stueduc.2020.100940 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
¿Por qué procrastina el alumnado universitario? Análisis de motivos y caracterización del alumnado con diferentes tipos de motivaciones
Flores, J. G., Gutiérrez, M. R. D. B., & Garzón-Umerenkova, A. (2019) · Revista de Investigación Educativa · doi:10.6018/rie.344781 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Pengaruh Self-Efficacy terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika
Sukma, Y., & Priatna, N. (2021) · Jurnal ilmiah soulmath jurnal edukasi pendidikan matematika · doi:10.25139/smj.v9i1.3461 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Social factors of procrastination: group work can reduce procrastination among students
Koppenborg, M., & Klingsieck, K. B. (2022) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-021-09682-3 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
When the type of assessment counteracts teaching for understanding
Leber, J., Renkl, A., Nückles, M., & Wäschle, K. (2017) · Learning Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/23735082.2017.1285422 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“For example, standardised self-monitoring protocols could be used (Wäschle et al., 2014) in future studies.”
Method
Metacognition, Self-regulation and Assessment in Problem-Solving Processes at University
Manzanares, M. C. S., & Montero, E. A. (2014) · Intelligent systems reference library · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11062-2_5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-regulated learning in higher education: strategies adopted by computer programming students when supported by the SimProgramming approach
Pedrosa, D., Cravino, J., Morgado, L. C., & Barreira, C. (2017) · Production · doi:10.1590/0103-6513.225516 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“As some students mentioned, the instructions were given to students by setting goals, providing task guidelines, helping students in planning the activity, which is in line with the literature in that instructional support helps students’ learning (Wäschle et al., 2014; Panadero & Jonsson, 2013).”
Academic procrastination and self-efficacy among a group of dental undergraduate students in Malaysia
Uma, E., Lee, C. H., Shapiai, S. H. B. M., Nor, A. B. M., Soe, H. H. K., & Varghese, E. (2020) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_195_20 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Instead of increasing the learning effort and cognitive strategy use, it has been observed that students irrationally postpone their studying.[14] For dental undergraduate students, clinical and academic loads are almost equal.”
Background
Delaying Academic Tasks and Feeling Bad About It
Bobe, J., Schnettler, T., Scheunemann, A., Fries, S., Bäulke, L., Thies, D. O., Dresel, M., Leutner, D., Wirth, J., Klingsieck, K. B., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000728 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“…between the subjective discomfort subscale and fear of failure, neuroticism, and self-efficacy, compared with the delay subscale, agree with the findings on the interplay of emotional aspects of a pro-crastination episode and these variables (Haghbin et al., 2012 ; Wäschle et al., 2014 ).”
Influence of study satisfaction on academic procrastination in psychology students: a preliminary study
Universidad de San Martín de Porres, P., Domínguez-Lara, S., Campos-Uscanga, Y., & Universidad Veracruzana, M. (2017) · Liberabit Revista Peruana de Psicología · doi:10.24265/liberabit.2017.v23n1.09 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Mozambican adolescents' perspectives on the academic procrastination process
Fulano, C. S., da Cunha, J. S., Núñez, J. C., Pereira, B., & Rosário, P. J. S. L. F. (2018) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034318760115 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Moreover, authors found that those students were unlikely to complete the subsequent tasks (Wäschle et al., 2014).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Active and passive procrastination in terms of temperament and character
Zohar, A., Shimone, L. P., & Hen, M. (2019) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.6988 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Daily Fluctuations in Motivation
Bellhäuser, H., Mattes, B., & Liborius, P. (2019) · Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie · doi:10.1026/0049-8637/a000226 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
What makes an online learning journal powerful for VET? Distinguishing productive usage patterns and effective learning strategies
Schwendimann, B. A., Kappeler, G., Mauroux, L., & Gurtner, J. (2018) · Empirical research in vocational education and training · doi:10.1186/s40461-018-0070-y · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Effects of short video addiction on college students' physical activity: the chain mediating role of self-efficacy and procrastination
Zhao, Z., & Kou, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1429963 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Curiosity promotes self-regulated learning and achievement in online courses for students with varying self-efficacy levels
Shin, D. D. (2024) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2024.2372302 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“The difficulty that students with low self-efficacy experience in regulating their learning in emergency remote education reinforces poor academic outcomes, which in turn further jeopardises their self-efficacy and motivation to engage (Wäschle et al., 2014).”
Revisiting the relationship between constructive alignment and learning approaches: A perceived alignment perspective
Roßnagel, C. S., Baido, K. L., & Fitzallen, N. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253949 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“From the perspective of the Student Approaches to Learning framework [11,16], such learning behaviours reflect a student’s deep approach to learning, which can be conceptualised as an instance of self-regulated learning [8,17].”
Background
Fear of failure and academic procrastination among university students: The role of achievement expectancy and year of study
Tan, E. W.-Y., & Prihadi, K. D. (2022) · International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) · doi:10.11591/ijere.v11i1.22201 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Past Negative Consequences of Unnecessary Delay as a Marker of Procrastination
Svartdal, F., & Nemtcan, E. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.787337 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Academic hardiness as a moderator of the relation between perfectionism and academic procrastination in university students
Sepiadou, I., & Metallidou, P. (2022) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-022-00648-3 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“At the academic level, self-regulation failure occurs when students do not use appropriate strategies to regulate their learning process and the external support they receive is insufficient, which, in turn, results in procrastination (Wäschle et al., 2014).”
Background
“I’ll do it Later”: Multilevel antecedents of homework procrastination
Yang, F., Xu, J., Núñez, J. C., Wang, C., & Pu, L. (2024) · The Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00220671.2024.2341675 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Academic procrastination is linked to reduced task completion and academic performance (Grunschel et al., 2013; Kim & Seo, 2015; Lohbeck & Retelsdorf, 2021; Steel, 2007; Wäschle et al., 2014; Won & Yu, 2018).”
Background
The U-Curve of E-Learning: Course Website and Online Video Use in Blended and Distance Learning
Geri, N., Gafni, R., & Winer, A. (2014) · Interdisciplinary Journal of e-Skills and Lifelong Learning · doi:10.28945/1959 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Becoming a university student: An emotional rollercoaster
Perander, K., Londén, M., Holm, G., & Tiihonen, S. (2020) · Högre utbildning · doi:10.23865/hu.v10.1462 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Experiences of success in SRL strengthen self-efficacy and increase the probability to successfully deal with similar tasks in the future (Wäschle et al., 2014).”
Background
Mediation Role of Locus of Control on the Relationship of Learned-helplessness and Academic Procrastination among College Students in Penang, Malaysia.
Prihadi, K. D., Tan, C. Y. H., Tan, R. T. S., Yong, P. L., Yong, J. H. E., Tinagaran, S., Goh, C. L., & Tee, Y. J. (2018) · International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) · doi:10.11591/ijere.v7i2.12597 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“For instance, although their educators keep telling the students that they are capable of working effectively, their perception on their efficacy will determine their actual behavior, or in this context, whether they procrastinate [12].”
Background
Perbedaan Self-regulated Learning Siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin
Saputra, W. N. E., Alhadi, S., Supriyanto, A., Wiretna, C. D., & Baqiyatussolihat, B. (2018) · Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling · doi:10.17977/um001v3i32018p131 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“I can't focus now, I will study tomorrow” - The link between academic procrastination and resistance to distraction
Wiwatowska, E., Pietruch, M., Katafoni, P., & Michałowski, J. M. (2023) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102364 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Exploring the expectations and experiences of first year students undergoing a tailored transition initiative
Harris-Reeves, B., Pearson, A., & Massa, H. (2022) · Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice · doi:10.53761/1.19.3.15 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Using Spacing to Promote Lasting Learning in Educational Contexts: Promises and Challenges
Ebersbach, M., Lachner, A., Scheiter, K., & Richter, T. (2022) · Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie · doi:10.1026/0049-8637/a000259 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation
The possible contribution of procrastination and perception of self-efficacy to academic achievement
Shaked, L., & Altarac, H. (2023) · Journal of Further and Higher Education · doi:10.1080/0309877x.2022.2102414 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“…who are of the mind that they are unable to cope with the task and are fearful of failure, delay it more and more (Klassen, Krawchuk, and Rajani 2008; Klassen and Kuzucu 2009; Yerdelen, McCaffrey, and Klassen 2016; Haghbin, McCaffrey, and Pychyl 2012; Steel 2007; Waschle et al. 2014).”
Background
Metacognitive Training and Online Community College Students’ Learning Calibration and Performance
Emory, B., & Luo, T. (2020) · Community College Journal of Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/10668926.2020.1841042 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“However, research has shown that many students, both novice and experienced, choose learning strategies that do not align with proven results (Kornell & Son, 2009; McCabe, 2011; Wäschle et al., 2014).”
Background
Psychological Momentum and Inertia: Toward a Model of Academic Motivation
Deemer, E. D., Derosa, P. A., Duhon, S. A., & Dotterer, A. M. (2019) · Journal of Career Development · doi:10.1177/0894845319848847 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Instructional engagement and student learning outcomes: Direct and indirect effects based on country-specific contingencies
Konstantinidou, E., & Kyriakides, L. (2022) · Studies in Educational Evaluation · doi:10.1016/j.stueduc.2022.101144 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The effect of parenting styles on Chinese undergraduate nursing students’ academic procrastination: the mediating role of causal attribution and self-efficacy
Li, Y., Dong, W., Tang, H., Guo, X., Wu, S., Lu, G., & Chen, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1167660 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“However, students with low self-efficacy will fall into a vicious cycle of procrastination in their study (Waschle et al., 2014).”
Background
Internet-based self-help intervention for procrastination: randomized control group trial protocol
Ying, Z., & Wang, J. (2023) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07112-7 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“The post-action phase is associated with low self-e cacy [4].”
Background

Academic self-efficacy, procrastination, and achievement: a review of theory and educational interventions
Qiaoyi, L. I. N. (2026) · Region - Educational Research and Reviews · doi:10.32629/rerr.v8i4.5360
A multi-study examination of intra-individual feedback loops between competence and value beliefs, procrastination, and goal achievement
Theobald, M., Bäulke, L., Bellhäuser, H., Breitwieser, J., Mattes, B., Brod, G., Daumiller, M. H., Dresel, M., Liborius, P., & Nückles, M. (2023) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102208 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Understanding procrastination from a self-regulated learning perspective.
Wolters, C. A. (2003) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.95.1.179 · Cited by 679 · see citing works
Procrastination, self-efficacy and academic achievement of adolescents
George, R., & Manikandan, K. (2012) · EXCEL International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies · Cited by 1 · see citing works
자기조절학습이 학업 성취도에 미치는 영향 : 지연행동의 매개효과 검증
남경득, & 손은정 (2013) · 한국심리학회 학술대회 자료집

Authors: Wäschle, K., Allgaier, A., Lachner, A., Fink, S., & Nückles, M.
Affiliations: University of Freiburg (DE)
Corresponding author: Wäschle, Kristin
ORCID: Lachner, Andreas
Nückles, Matthias
Venue: Learning and Instruction
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-02
Volume: 29
Pages: 103-114
ISSN: 0959-4752 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2013.09.005
OpenAlex: W2032895211
Cited by: 252
References: 76
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6
FWCI: 10.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Learning and Instruction (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
Keywords: procrastination, self-efficacy, student self-regulation, vicious circle, virtuous circle, reciprocal effects, university students, self-monitoring, mediation

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Procrastination and self-efficacy: tracing vicious and virtuous circles in self-regulated learning.

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