Protective effects of a mitochondria-targeted small peptide SS31 against hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial abnormalities in the liver tissues of diabetic mice, Tallyho/JngJ mice
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a major public health issue associated with a high risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the molecular events that occur in the LOAD pathophysiology. The present study was planned to investigate the molecular alterations induced by hyperglycemia in the mitochondria of diabetic mice and further explore the possible ameliorative role of the mitochondria-targeted small peptide, SS31 in diabetic mice. For this purpose, we used a polygenic mouse model of type 2 diabetes, TALLYHO/JngJ (TH), and nondiabetic, SWR/J mice strains. The diabetic status in TH mice was confirmed at 8 weeks of age. The 24 weeks old experimental animals were segregated into three groups: Non-diabetic controls (SWR/J mice), diabetic (TH mice) and, SS31 treated diabetic TH mice. The mRNA and protein expression levels of mitochondrial proteins were investigated in all the study groups in the liver tissues using qPCR and immunoblot analysis. Also, the mitochondrial functions including H2O2 production, ATP generation, and lipid peroxidation were assessed in all the groups. Mitochondrial dysfunction was observed in TH mice as evident by significantly elevated H2O2 production, lipid peroxidation, and reduced ATP production. The mRNA expression and Western blot analysis of mitochondrial dynamics (Drp1 and Fis1 - fission; Mfn1, Mfn2, and Opa1 -fusion), and biogenesis (PGC-1α, Nrf1, Nrf2, and TFAM) genes were significantly altered in diabetic TH mice. Furthermore, SS31 treatment significantly reduced the mitochondrial abnormalities and restore mitochondrial functions in diabetic TH mice.
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In type 2 diabetes, animal models and human islet and leukocyte samples provide evidence that elamipretide improves mitochondrial function.
“studies using animal models and human islet and leukocyte samples support the beneficial effects of elamipretide in improving mitochondrial function288,289”
From Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in ageing and age-related diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [288]
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SS31 Mitigates Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Early Brain Injury via Nrf2/Keap1 Pathway ActivationPreprint
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- Authors
- Bhatti, J. S., Tamarai, K., Kandimalla, R., Manczak, M., Yin, X., Ramasubramanian, B., Sawant, N., Pradeepkiran, J. A., Vijayan, M., Kumar, S., & Reddy, P. H.
- Affiliations
- Central University of Punjab (IN)
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (US)
- Kakatiya Medical College (IN)
- Texas Tech University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Reddy, P. Hemachandra
- ORCID
- Venue
- Mitochondrion
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-05
- Volume
- 58
- Pages
- 49-58
- ISSN
- 1567-7249 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3131217919
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 1.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Mitochondrion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University Grants Commission
- National Institutes of Health (AG042178, AG060767, AG066347, NS105473, AG047812, AG069333)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- SS-31, mitochondria-targeted peptide, type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, mitochondrial dysfunction, liver mitochondria, Alzheimer's disease, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial biogenesis, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, ATP production, PGC-1α, Nrf2, TFAM
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Body Weight, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, Hyperglycemia, Liver, Male, Mitochondria, Liver, Oligopeptides, Mice, Mitochondrial Dynamics
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