Developmental Changes in Human Cerebral Functional Organization for Word Generation
Abstract
A fundamental issue in cognitive neuroscience is the nature of developmental changes in human cerebral functional organization for higher cognitive functions. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure developmental changes in the functional neuroanatomy subserving controlled lexical association. First, brain regions showing significant differences in activity between school-age children and young adults, despite equivalent task performance, were identified. Then, activity in these regions was more fully characterized in individuals spanning the ages of 7-32 years old. Cross-sectional and regression analyses showed systematic increases and decreases in levels of activity over age, by region. Age-related increases in activity were primarily newly recruited, later-stage processing regions, such as in left frontal and left parietal cortex. Decreases, on the other hand, were all positive activations that attenuated with age and were found across a wider neuroanatomical range, including earlier processing regions such as bilateral extrastriate cortex. The hemodynamic magnitude, neuroanatomical location and maturational timecourse of these progressive and regressive changes have implications for models of the developing specialization in human cerebral functional organization.
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These changes appear to show a shift in activation of prefrontal regions from diffuse to more focal recruitment over time and elevated recruitment of subcortical regions during adolescence.
“These changes appear to show a shift in activation of prefrontal regions from diffuse to more focal recruitment over time (Brown et al. 2005; Bunge et al. 2002; Casey et al. 1997; Durston et al. 2006; Moses et al. 2002) and elevated recruitment of subcortical regions during adolescence (Casey et al. 2002; Durston et al. 2006; Luna et al. 2001).”
From <i>The Adolescent Brain</i> (2008) · cites this paper as Brown et al. 2005
Fine-tuning may involve a progression from an immature, less organized brain in early life toward a mature organizational structure during development.
“A fine-tuning may involve progression from an immature and less organized brain in early life toward a mature organizational structure during development”
From Developmental Changes in Organization of Structural Brain Networks (2013) · cites this paper as Brown et al. 2005
The improvement in cognitive abilities seen in typical development may result from fine-tuning of brain structure and function.
“Several recent studies have postulated that the measurable enhancement of cognitive skills occurring with typical development may be the result of a process of fine-tuning of brain structure and function”
From Developmental Changes in Organization of Structural Brain Networks (2013) · cites this paper as Brown et al. 2005
The findings of early maturation of primary sensorimotor connectivity and protracted maturation of higher-order association connectivity are consistent with structural and functional imaging studies indicating fine-tuning from immature to mature brain organization.
“More specifically, our findings of early maturation of primary sensorimotor and protracted maturation of higher order association connectivity are consistent with structural and functional brain imaging studies that reflect a fine-tuning of an immature to a more mature brain organization”
From Developmental Changes in Organization of Structural Brain Networks (2013) · cites this paper as Brown et al. 2005
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- Authors
- Brown, T. T., Lugar, H. M., Coalson, R. S., Miezin, F. M., Petersen, S. E., & Schlaggar, B. L.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brown, Timothy T.
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-08-05
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 275-290
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- OpenAlex
- W2155595355
- Cited by
- 393
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 10.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS046424, NS46424, NS 41255, NS-32979, R01NS032979, R21NS041255)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K12HD001487, HD01487)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- brain maturation, word production, lexical associations, frontal cortex, parietal cortex, extrastriate cortex, cognitive development, elementary school students, young adults
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aging, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Cognition, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Language, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Speech, Task Performance and Analysis
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