Cerebral organization of component processes in reading
Abstract
The cerebral organization of word identification processes in reading was examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Changes in fMRI signal intensities were measured in 38 subjects (19 males and 19 females) during visual (line judgement), orthographic (letter case judgement), phonological (nonword rhyme judgement) and semantic (semantic category judgement) tasks. A strategy of multiple subtractions was employed in order to validate relationships between structure and function. Orthographic processing made maximum demands on extrastriate sites, phonological processing on a number of frontal and temporal sites, and lexical-semantic processing was most strongly associated with middle and superior temporal sites. Significant sex differences in the cerebral organization of reading-related processes were also observed.
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Left temporo-parietal cortex is involved in phonological processing in children and adults and is disrupted in children and adults with dyslexia during phonological processing.
“Left temporo-parietal cortex has been shown to be involved in phonological processing in children and adults and to be disrupted in children and adults with dyslexia during phonological processing (5, 12, 28–32).”
From Neural deficits in children with dyslexia ameliorated by behavioral remediation: Evidence from functional MRI (2003) · cites this paper as [31]
Left inferior frontal gyrus is involved in phonological processing in children and adults.
“The left inferior frontal gyrus has been shown to be involved in phonological processing in children and adults (28, 31, 32).”
From Neural deficits in children with dyslexia ameliorated by behavioral remediation: Evidence from functional MRI (2003) · cites this paper as [31]
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- Authors
- Pugh, K. R., Shaywitz, B. A., Shaywitz, S. E., Constable, R. T., Skudlarski, P., Fulbright, R. K., Bronen, R. A., Shankweiler, D. P., Katz, L., Fletcher, J. M., & Gore, J. C.
- Affiliations
- Haskins Laboratories (US)
- Yale University (US)
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pugh, K. R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Brain
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1996-08-01
- Volume
- 119
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1221-1238
- ISSN
- 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2156
- OpenAlex
- W2093162419
- Cited by
- 613
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 31.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p01hd021888-10)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD-01994, P01HD21888, P50 HD2580, P01HD001994)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Keywords
- reading, word recognition, orthographic processing, phonological processing, lexical-semantic processing, visual word recognition, sex differences, brain organization, extrastriate cortex, temporal cortex, frontal cortex
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Humans, Male, Neural Pathways, Reading, Task Performance and Analysis
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