Functional topography of the cerebellum for motor and cognitive tasks: An fMRI study
Open accessAbstract
Anatomical, clinical and imaging findings suggest that the cerebellum is engaged in cognitive and affective functions as well as motor control. Evidence from converging modalities also indicates that there is a functional topography in the human cerebellum for overt control of movement vs. higher functions, such that the cerebellum can be divided into zones depending on connectivity with sensorimotor vs. multimodal association cortices. Using functional MRI, we show that regions active during overt movement differ from those involved in higher-level language, spatial processing and working memory tasks. Nine healthy participants each completed five tasks in order to determine the relative activation patterns for the different paradigms. Right-handed finger-tapping activated right cerebellar lobules IV-V and VIII, consistent with descriptions of the cerebellar homunculi. Verb generation engaged right cerebellar lobules VI-Crus I and a second cluster in lobules VIIB-VIIIA. Mental rotation activation peaks were localized to medial left cerebellar lobule VII (Crus II). A 2-back working memory task activated bilateral regions of lobules VI-VII. Viewing arousing vs. neutral images did not reliably activate the cerebellum or cerebral limbic areas in this study. The cerebellar functional topography identified in this study reflects the involvement of different cerebro-cerebellar circuits depending on the demands of the task being performed: overt movement activated sensorimotor cortices along with contralateral cerebellar lobules IV-V and VIII, whereas more cognitively demanding tasks engaged prefrontal and parietal cortices along with cerebellar lobules VI and VII. These findings provide further support for a cerebellar role in both motor and cognitive tasks, and better establish the existence of functional subregions in the cerebellum. Future studies are needed to determine the exact contribution of the cerebellum - and different cerebro-cerebellar circuits - to task performance.
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The left cerebellum showed decreased activation and its covariation with R-IPL suggests cerebello-parietal pathways may contribute to training-related functional modulation.
“The left cerebellum, a region linked to sequencing and temporal organisation77,78, also showed decreased activation; its covariation with the R–IPL suggests that cerebello–parietal pathways may contribute to training-related functional modulation.”
From Meta-analysis of computerised working memory training: behavioural gains, training parameters, transfer mechanisms, and neural correlates (2026) · cites this paper as [77]
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Cerebellar contributions to visuomotor adaptation and motor sequence learning: an ALE meta-analysis
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Postural sway and regional cerebellar volume in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
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“Given that postural sway is a highly automatic process and that lobule VIII is considered the secondary motor representation in the cerebellum (Bushara et al., 2001; Grodd et al., 2001; Rijntjes et al., 1999; Stoodley et al., 2012; Stoodley and Schmahmann, 2009, 2010; Woolsey, 1952), our findings are consistent”
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“The left cerebellum, a region linked to sequencing and temporal organisation 77,78 , also showed decreased activation; its covariation with the R – IPL suggests that cerebello – parietal pathways may contribute to training-related functional modulation.”
- Authors
- Stoodley, C. J., Valera, E. M., & Schmahmann, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stoodley, Catherine J.
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 1560-1570
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3230671
- OpenAlex
- W1988628854
- Cited by
- 1,106
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 61 · 2025: 96 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 96 · 2021: 99 · 2020: 96 · 2019: 83 · 2018: 104 · 2017: 87 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 20.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Research Resources (P41RR14075)
- Massachusetts General Hospital Fund for Medical Discovery
- National Institutes of Health (071535)
- Birmingham Foundation
- MINDlink foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- cerebellum, motor control, cognitive tasks, finger tapping, verb generation, mental rotation, working memory, cerebellar lobules, sensorimotor cortex, language processing, spatial processing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cerebellum, Cognition, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Movement, Nerve Net
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