The role of the basal ganglia and cerebellum in language processing
Open accessAbstract
The roles of the cerebellum and basal ganglia have typically been confined in the literature to motor planning and control. However, mounting evidence suggests that these structures are involved in more cognitive domains such as language processing. In the current study, we looked at effective connectivity (the influence that one brain region has on another) of the cerebellum and basal ganglia with regions thought to be involved in phonological processing, i.e. left inferior frontal gyrus and left lateral temporal cortex. We analyzed functional magnetic resonance imaging data (fMRI) obtained during a rhyming judgment task in adults using dynamic causal modeling (DCM). The results showed that the cerebellum has reciprocal connections with both left inferior frontal gyrus and left lateral temporal cortex, whereas the putamen has unidirectional connections into these two brain regions. Furthermore, the connections between cerebellum and these phonological processing areas were stronger than the connections between putamen and these areas. This pattern of results suggests that the putamen and cerebellum may have distinct roles in language processing. Based on research in the motor planning and control literature, we argue that the putamen engages in cortical initiation while the cerebellum amplifies and refines this signal to facilitate correct decision making.
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The putamen and thalamus are involved in initiating and organizing language representations and have been shown to be activated coincident with AVH occurrences.
“The first two were in the putamen and thalamus, which are involved in initiating and organizing language representations ordinarily (56–58), and have been shown to be activated coincident with AVH occurrences in two reports (26,59).”
From Elevated functional connectivity along a corticostriatal loop and the mechanism of auditory/verbal hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia (2011) · cites this paper as [56]
Auditory/verbal hallucinations are blocked in a patient subgroup by partial disconnection of frontotemporal and frontostriatal pathways that ordinarily underlie speech generation, imagery and perception.
“Our findings suggest that AVHs are blocked in a patient subgroup, however, by partial disconnection of frontotemporal and frontostriatal pathways that ordinarily underlie speech generation, imagery and perception (22–25,56,58).”
From Elevated functional connectivity along a corticostriatal loop and the mechanism of auditory/verbal hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia (2011) · cites this paper as [56]
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- Authors
- Booth, J. R., Wood, L., Lu, D., Houk, J. C., & Bitan, T.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Booth, James R.
- Venue
- Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-02
- Volume
- 1133
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 136-144
- ISSN
- 0006-8993 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2424405
- OpenAlex
- W2131389385
- Cited by
- 415
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 73 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 7.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS44383, NS44837)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD042049)
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (DC06149)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Keywords
- basal ganglia, cerebellum, language processing, phonological processing, effective connectivity, putamen, inferior frontal gyrus, lateral temporal cortex, dynamic causal modeling, motor control
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Basal Ganglia, Brain Mapping, Cerebellum, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Language, Language Tests, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neural Pathways, Putamen, Temporal Lobe, Verbal Behavior
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