Toward in vivo histology: a comparison of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) with magnitude-, phase-, and R2*-imaging at ultra-high magnetic field strength
Abstract
Quantitative magnetic susceptibility mapping (QSM) has recently been introduced to provide a novel quantitative and local MRI contrast. However, the anatomical contrast represented by in vivo susceptibility maps has not yet been compared systematically and comprehensively with gradient (recalled) echo (GRE) magnitude, frequency, and R(2)(*) images. Therefore, this study compares high-resolution quantitative susceptibility maps with conventional GRE imaging approaches (magnitude, frequency, R(2)(*)) in healthy individuals at 7 T with respect to anatomic tissue contrast. Volumes-of-interest were analyzed in deep and cortical gray matter (GM) as well as in white matter (WM) on R(2)(*) and susceptibility maps. High-resolution magnetic susceptibility maps of the human brain exhibited superb contrast that allowed the identification of substructures of the thalamus, midbrain and basal ganglia, as well as of the cerebral cortex. These were consistent with histology but not generally visible on magnitude, frequency or R(2)(*)-maps. Common target structures for deep brain stimulation, including substantia nigra pars reticulata, ventral intermediate nucleus, subthalamic nucleus, and the substructure of the internal globus pallidus, were clearly distinguishable from surrounding tissue on magnetic susceptibility maps. The laminar substructure of the cortical GM differed depending on the anatomical region, i.e., a cortical layer with increased magnetic susceptibility, corresponding to the Stria of Gennari, was found in the GM of the primary visual cortex, V1, whereas a layer with reduced magnetic susceptibility was observed in the GM of the temporal cortex. Both magnetic susceptibility and R(2)(*) values differed substantially in cortical GM depending on the anatomic regions. Regression analysis between magnetic susceptibility and R(2)(*) values of WM and GM structures suggested that variations in myelin content cause the overall contrast between gray and white matter on susceptibility maps and that both R(2)(*) and susceptibility values provide linear measures for iron content in GM. In conclusion, quantitative magnetic susceptibility mapping provides a non-invasive and spatially specific contrast that opens the door to the assessment of diseases characterized by variation in iron and/or myelin concentrations. Its ability to reflect anatomy of deep GM structures with superb delineation may be useful for neurosurgical applications.
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QSM appears dark where myelin is rich and bright where blood is rich.
“QSM has been shown to be dark in myelin-rich regions and bright in blood-rich regions (Deistung et al., 2013; Stuber and Turner, 2010)”
From Multi-modal characterization of rapid anterior hippocampal volume increase associated with aerobic exercise (2016) · cites this paper as Deistung et al., 2013
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An overview of deep learning in medical imaging focusing on MRI
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Overview of quantitative susceptibility mapping
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“• QSM has been shown to be dark in myelin-rich regions and bright in blood-rich regions (Deistung et al., 2013; Stuber and Turner, 2010), thus making clear predictions for both a myelin and vasculature change.”
BackgroundInfluentialAdvanced MRI techniques to improve our understanding of experience-induced neuroplasticity
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Self-citationHigher and deeper: Bringing layer fMRI to association cortex
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- Authors
- Deistung, A., Schäfer, A., Schweser, F., Biedermann, U., Turner, R., & Reichenbach, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Jena University Hospital (DE)
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Deistung, Andreas
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 65
- Pages
- 299-314
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1981155372
- Cited by
- 442
- References
- 146
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 19
- FWCI
- 19.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Universitätsbibliographie, Universität Duisburg-Essen (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- German Research Foundation (DFG (RE 1123/9-2)
- Carl Zeiss Foundation
- Max-Planck Society
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › NMR spectroscopy and applications
- Keywords
- quantitative susceptibility mapping, R2* mapping, gradient echo MRI, ultra-high field MRI, 7 T, brain iron content, myelin content, gray matter, white matter, deep brain stimulation targets, substantia nigra pars reticulata, subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus, thalamus, cerebral cortex, histopathological confirmation, neurosurgical planning
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Brain Mapping, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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