Disruption of corticocortical information transfer during ketamine anesthesia in the primate brain
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The neural mechanisms of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness have yet to be fully elucidated, in part because of the diverse molecular targets of anesthetic agents. We demonstrate, using intracortical recordings in macaque monkeys, that information transfer between structurally connected cortical regions is disrupted during ketamine anesthesia, despite preserved primary sensory representation. Furthermore, transfer entropy, an information-theoretic measure of directed connectivity, decreases significantly between neuronal units in the anesthetized state. This is the first direct demonstration of a general anesthetic disrupting corticocortical information transfer in the primate brain. Given past studies showing that more commonly used GABAergic drugs inhibit surrogate measures of cortical communication, this finding suggests the potential for a common network-level mechanism of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness.
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Electrocorticography during propofol and ketamine anesthesia in human and non-human primates reveals disrupted functional connectivity across S1 and M1 cortex, as well as altered beta oscillations typically associated with feedback processing.
“Electrocorticography during propofol (Malekmohammadi et al., 2018) and ketamine (Schroeder et al., 2016) anesthesia in human and non-human primates, respectively, reveals disrupted functional connectivity across the S1 and M1 cortex, as well as altered beta oscillations, which are typically associated with feedback processing (Bastos et al., 2015).”
From Conscious Processing and the Global Neuronal Workspace Hypothesis (2020) · cites this paper as Schroeder et al., 2016
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- Authors
- Schroeder, K. E., Irwin, Z. T., Gaidica, M., Bentley, J. N., Patil, P. G., Mashour, G. A., & Chestek, C. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chestek, Cynthia A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-07
- Volume
- 134
- Pages
- 459-465
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4912854
- OpenAlex
- W2338481295
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 6.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01GM111293)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- ketamine anesthesia, anesthetic-induced unconsciousness, transfer entropy, directed connectivity, macaque, intracortical recording, general anesthetics, GABAergic drugs
- MeSH terms
- Anesthetics, Dissociative, Animals, Consciousness, Ketamine, Macaca mulatta, Motor Cortex, Physical Stimulation, Somatosensory Cortex, Touch Perception
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